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Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection among dyspepsia patients in Ibadan, South West Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Adeniyi, B. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Lawal, T. O.; Oluwasola, A. O.; Odaibo, G. N.; Okolo, C.; Ola, S. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Akere, A.; Kehinde, A. O.
Helicobacter pylori infection is typically acquired shortly after birth in both low and high-income regions of the world and once the infection is established, it commonly persists lifelong unless treated. This infection has been identified as an important risk factor for the development of peptic ulcer disease and is probably the most important cause of relapse in those previously treated for peptic ulcer disease. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in patients with peptic ulcer disease at the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan; South West Nigeria. Fifty-two (52) patients who had symptoms of dyspepsia were recruited for the study and each of them went through endoscopy. Forty-three (43) (82.7%) of the patients were diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease while nine (9) (17.3%) patients were diagnosed normal. The presence of H. pylori was determined using culture and Urease Breath Test (UBT). The culture result showed that thirty-five (35) (81.4%) of the patients diagnosed with peptic ulcer disease had H. pylori infection also, eight (8) (88.9%) of the normal patients were culture positive for H. pylori. The UBT result showed that 65.1% of the diagnosed peptic ulcer patients were positive for H. pylori, also 55.6% of the normal patients were found UBT positive for H. pylori. In all, H. pylori infection is very common among dyspepsia patients and the organism is closely associated with the disease in South West Nigeria.
Antimicrobial, phytochemical and cytotoxicity activities of extracts of Lannea welwitschii (Hiern) Engl. (Annacardiaceae)
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.; Idowu, D. O.
Towards-discovering new agents to treat microbial infections, methanolic extracts of leaves, stem and roots of Lannea welwitschii were screened for antibacterial and antifungal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Salmonella typhimurium (ATCC 14028), Proteus vulgaris (ATCC 6380), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Rhizopus spp. (Lab Stock) and Candida albicans (ATCC 18804). Agar cup diffusion method was used to determine zone of inhibition while Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) on Staph, aureus and E. coli were determined by agar dilution method. Phytochemical screening was done to determine the type of secondary metabolite while cytotoxicity was determined by Brine-Shrimps Lethality (BSL) assay. All the plant parts showed antimicrobial activity against all the test organisms with zone of inhibition of 11.0-20.0 mm, and MIC of 0.31 and 0.62mg/ml on Staph, aureus (ATCC 25923) and E. coli (ATCC 25922) respectively. The LC50 from the cytotoxicity test (BSL) were 196.49 and 100.00 µg/mL for the leaves and stem extracts respectively. Saponins, tannins, cardiac glycosides (steroids) and flavonoids were detected. Therefore L. welwitschii as a medicinal plant contains metabolites having broad spectrum antimicrobial activity, and the methanolic extracts were relatively non-toxic..
Antimicrobial activity of crude extracts and alkaloidal fractions of Argemone mexicana Linn
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2012) Idowu, P. A.
Emergence of multi-drug resistant pathogens lias necessitated the need for continuous research to discover and develop new and more effective antimicrobial drugs. Medicinal plants have always been a potential source of antimicrobial drugs and varieties of lead compounds. Argemone mexicana, a tropical shrub traditionally used to treat eye infections, inflammation and infertility was investigated for antibacterial activity. Crude chloroform and methanol extracts of leaves and stems, as well as fractions and crystals from chromatographic column were screened for in-vitro antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (NCTC 6571), Bacillus subtilis (ATCC 6633) Escherichia coli (NCTC. 9001) and-Pseudomonas aeruginosa (NCTC 6570) using agar-cup diffusion method. Phytochemical screening for secondary metabolites revealed the presence p f alkaloids (opium and indole types) and tannins. The crude extracts showed good activity at 100mg/ml against the bacterial strains tested while at 10mg/ml only E. coli and B. subtilis were susceptible. JTen fractions were isolated from column chromatography (nine of which were alkaloidal in nature), and they all showed varying but significant degree of activity on most of the tested organisms at 100pg/ml. The needle-like crystals recovered from methanol extract showed weak antibacterial activity on some of the test organisms. The study has shown that A. mexicana leaves and stem bark has antibacterial activity which justified the use of this plant in traditional medicine as anti-infective agent. Further, the fact that most fractions showed antibacterial activity is an indication that Argemone mexicana leaf and bark has many antibacterial constituents that are mainly alkaloidal.
Comparative study of methods of diagnosis of Helicobacter pylori infection in Ibadan
(Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria, 2011) Oluwasola, A. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Adeniyi, B.; Kehinde, A. O.; Akere, A.; Ola, S. O.; Lawal, T. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Odaibo, G.; Lawan, A. I.
Cytotoxicity and antimicrobial activity of methanol extract and fractions of Entandrophragma angolense (Welw.) C.DC. (Meliaceae) leaves
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2010) Idowu, P. A.; Adeniyi, B. A.; Moody, J. G.
The antibacterial activity and brine-shrimp lethality (BSL) assay of methanol extracts of Entandrophragma angolense, used id treat gastro-intestinal tract (GIT) infections in South-Western Nigeria was investigated. The extract and chromatographic fractions were tested at 20 and 10 mg/mi respectively against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853). Salmonella lyphi (clinical isolate), Salmonella typhimurium ATCC 14028, Escherichia coli (ATC 1C 25922) and Bacillus suhlilis (ATCC 6633) using agar-well diffusion method; Minimum 'Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC) were determined by agar dilution method. Further, the extract was fractionated on siiic-a gel (70-230 mesh) using column chromatography. The diameter of zonr.s of inhibition were between) 5.0 - 30.5m m which was comparable with gentamicin (10pg/nil) used as ’’ control. The MIC was 80.0j.tg/ml on Staph, aurevs and 350pg/ml on Salmonella typhi. The more poUir fractions contained the antimicrobial com pouxr as the less polar fractions showed no antimicrobial activity as tested. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, reducing sugars and steroidal compounds. Brine shrimp lethality assay gave a value of 62.5f.ig/mJ. Therefore E. angoiense leaves contains antimicrobial agents and cytotoxic principles to justify its folkloric uses and pby (otherapeutio potentials in treating infections.