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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Recent Submissions
Reinforcement bar Corrosion - Causes and Management
(IOP Publishing, 2019) Oki, M. ||; Adediran, A. A.; Akintola, S. A.; | Ikubanni, P. P.; Ogunsemi, B. T.
Concretes are composite materials which decay as a result of steel corrosion in concrete structures is mostly accelerated in environments laden with chlorides and industrial effluent gases as well as harsh chemicals employed in and those generated from wastes in agricultural industries. This review summarises the effects of various environmental pollutants which promote deterioration of concretes with resultant corrosion of reinforcing bar (rebar). An overview of traditional and current methods for significant reduction of this mode of material deterioration is described. Discussions on management tools for rebar corrosion in agricultural and marine environments have been highlighted. Repair methods include the traditional application of patch repair mortar which has been modified with polymeric materials to improve adhesion and reduce porosity. The use of cathodic protection system to reduce rebar corrosion to its barest minimum has gained currency. Attention should be directed at corrosion reduction practices at the design and planning stages as well as modification concrete mixes with modified agricultural wastes/products and polymers.
Use of cassava skin and coconut husk as lost circulation material in water-based mud
(2016) Akintola, S. A.; Aina, A. O.
During oil and gas drilling operations, lost circulation of die drilling fluid could result in higher operational expenses this makes it imperative to design the drilling fluid to be used so as to minimize the invasion of the drilling fluid into the formation. Several materials had been proposed for use as Lost Circulation Material (LCM) but the use of the cassava skin and coconut husk have not been investigated. Water based mud prepared from bentonite and water, was used for the mud formulation Cassava Skins (CSS), Coconut Husks (CCH) were sun dried, shredded and blended to obtain fine to coarse fibrous and flaky particles respectively, Ground Marble (GM) was used as the control. These were used in the different concentrations ranging from 5ppb to 25ppb for the various drilling mud sample, and analyzed in the laboratory for particle sizing (which depends on the type of loss zone) using particle size distribution of material with the densities of the various samples ranging between 8.6 to 8.9 ppg. The viscosity for the mud sample with no LCM (16 cp) was a little higher while a gradual (but not linear) increase was observed for the 5 ppb to 25 ppb concentrations. A lost circulation test procedure for high permeability and fractured loss zones was performed using a 300 microns pore size, 508 and 1016 micron fracture width at 1000 psi pressure differential and temperature of 120 c F. This study is aimed at examining the impact of these local Lost Circulation Materials (LCMs) - Coconut Husk and Cassava skin on the rheological and thixotropic properties o f a water based mud and its effectiveness as a loss circulation material under static condition. Although the LCMs had no significant effect on mud rheology, it passed the API acceptability test range for plastic viscosity and yield point.
External Genital warts in HIV-infected patients with sexually transmitted infections in Ibadan, Nigeria
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2017) Fayemiwo, S. A.; Adesina, O. A.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Michael, O. S.; Adekanmbi, O. A.; Awolude, O. A.; Kuti, M. A.; Odaibo, G. N.; Adewole, I. F.
Background: Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) infection in the genital area is usually asymptomatic, and when symptomatic, manifests in either benign or malignant forms. This study aims at providing information on the prevalence of external genital warts (EGWs) among people living with HIV (PLWHIVS) attending Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional survey of PLWHIVS attending ART clinic between January 2006 and December 2007. Diagnosis of genital warts was based on the findings of typical lesions on the external genitalia, vaginal, cervix or perianal region after clinical examination and informed consent from cach participant. Antibodies against Herpes and HPV were measured using, Enzyme-linked immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results: A total of 5,207 patients, 3519 female and 1688 males attended the ART clinic during the period. The mean age of the patients was 34.67 yrs (9.16). Five hundred and forty-two (10.0%) had various sexually transmitted infections (STIs). The prevalence of anogenital warts was 3.65% among the HIV-infected patients and 35.0 % among the subset of HIV-infected patients with STIs. The prevalence of genital warts was 1.5 times higher in treatment experienced patients (OR=1.46; 95%CI: 1.02, 2.10). Genital wart was found to be associated with low CD4 count, high viral load, treatment- experience and non-use of condom during sexual intercourse. (P=0.002).
Conclusions: External genital warts are common among people living with HIV infection. According to the appropriate guidelines, HPV vaccine should also be offered to HIV-infected adolescents that are non-reactive to the virus.
Oral Melanotic Hyperpigmentation (OMH) among HIV Seropositive Patients: A Clinical Study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
(Nigerian Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology and Medicine, 2017) Abe, E. O.; Adeyemi, B. F.; Adisa, A. O.; Okoje-Adesomoju, V. N.; Awolude, O. A.
BACKGROUND: Oral melanin hyperpigmentation (OMH) has been classified as a HIV associated condition which may present as a brown-black macule or patch of the oral mucosa in HIV seropositive patients. HIV-OMH may be idiopathic, drug- induced or due to adrenal insufficiency. This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of HIV- OMH among HIV seropositive patients attending the Infectious Disease Institute centre, UCH Ibadan.
METHODOLOGY: Consecutive, consenting HIV seropositive patients attending PEPFAR clinic, UCH, Ibadan were enrolled. Data collected included age, gender, duration since diagnosis of HIV and commencement of HAART, history of smoking, any systemic disease, WHO staging of HIV, CD4 count, presence of OMH and site affected. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 15.
RESULTS: The study group of 150 HIV sero-positive patients comprised 24 males (16%) and 126 females (84%). Out of all the patients seen, OMH was seen in 97 of them, majority reported not being aware of the condition, some noted it before being diagnosed of HIV, while only 14(14.4%) reported the presence of OMH after being diagnosed with HIV and commencement of HAART (p= 0.032). Concerning the OMH sites, gingiva was most noted followed by tongue, palate, buccal and labial mucosa.
CONCLUSION: The prevalence of HIV-OMH in this study was 14.4%. Gingiva was the most common site affected.
Effect of Hepatitis C virus infection on selected laboratory values in pregnant women with Human Immunodeficiency virus infection
(Society for Gastroenterology and Hepatology in Nigeria (SOGHIN), 2016) Adesina, O. A.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Michael, O. S.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Awolude, O. A.; Ogunbosi, B. O.; Kuti, M. A.; Adewole, I. F.
Background and Objectives: Both hepatitis C and Human Immunodeficiency viruses affect laboratory indices. The objective of this study was to describe the impact of both viruses on laboratory indices among 1,821 HIV-positive pregnant women.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan
Results: Twenty-six (1.7%) women were HCV positive, 139 (8.8%) were HBsAg positive and 1, 407 (89.3%) were negative for both viruses. Three patients (0.19%) were positive for both viruses. These patients, the HBsAg positive women and 246 with no result for either virus were excluded from analysis.
The HCV positive women had lower hematocrit (27.3% + 4.5 vs. 28.4% + 4.6, p=0.29), lower WBC (5, 200 vs. 5, 500 cells/ml, p =0.766) but higher platelet count (209, 000 vs. 199, 000 cells / ml, p = 0.019). The coinfected group had higher CD4 (380 vs. 326 cells/ml, p = 0.319), higher urea (16.0vs.ll.0mg/ml, p =0.013) but comparable ALT (16.0 vs.15.0 iu/ml, p = 0.95), log viral load (4.08+1.22 vs. 4.08+1.11, p=0.97) and creatinine levels (0.6vs.0.6, p=0.329). Only the difference in urea level was statistically significant.
Conclusion: While values were comparable between both groups, the synergistic effect of both viruses makes it necessary for health-care providers to closely monitor patients.