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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Remittance, Institutions and Investment Volatility Interactions: An Intercontinental Analysis
(Wiley Blackwell, 2017) Ajide, K.; Adeniyi, O. A.; Raheem, I. D.
Generating massive investment for growth and development has been one of the main policy goals of most economies around the globe. Countries, most especially developing ones, are highly susceptible to investment volatility owing largely to the fragile nature of their economies as well as weaknesses in terms of dysfunctional institutions. Therefore, sound economic management suggests the need to better understand possible sources for mitigating the adverse effects of investment volatility. Remittances have been identified as important capital flows which do a good job of dousing macroeconomic volatilities. It is on this basis that the study sought to uncover the causal relationship between remittances and investment volatility via the intermediating role of institutions. Using a panel of 70 countries and the system Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) estimator, three insightful outcomes come to the fore. First, remittances played countercyclical roles across the estimated regressions. Second, institutional quality had no significant role in mitigating investment volatility and lastly, the interactive terms of both remittances and institutions significantly mitigated the negative impacts of investment volatility with the exception of the political component of the institutional architecture. Policy suggestions are drawn based on our results.
Pattern of Use of Water Beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa Linn in a University Community in Southwest Nigeria.
(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists (WAPCP),, 2017) Showande, J.S.; Udoh-Kalu, C.C.; Fakeye, T.O
Background:Water beverages of Hibiscus sabdariffa is widely consumed in many parts of the world.
Objective: Its pattern of use in a University community in southwest Nigeria was studied.
Methods: A questionnaire-guided survey was conducted among randomly selected staff (398) and students (910) of University of Ibadan on the use of water beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (WBHS). The questionnaire garnered information on pattern of use, side effects experienced, and drugs coadministered with WBHS. Descriptive statistics, Chi-square, and Fisher's Exact Probability tests were used to describe the association between categories of participants and indications for using and side effects experienced with WHBS.
Results: Most (96.9%) respondents who had used WBHS, used it as a relaxant 382(29.2%), as an antihypertensive 318(24.3%), for weight reduction 140(10.7%), infertility 127(9.7%), to cure liver disease
87(6.7%), and for the management of diabetes 151(11.5%). Side effects experienced with its use were;
diarrhea 69(5.3), dizziness 44(3.4%), insomnia 27 (2.1%), decreased libido 24(1.8%), blurred vision 16(1.2%),and headache 19(1.5%).Some of the participants 164(12.5%) coadministered WBHS with their
medications such as antibiotics 51(3.9%), antihypertensives 24(1.8%), antipsychotic 18(1.4%), antilipidemic drugs 16(1.2%), and antiretroviral drugs 11(0.8%). Out of those who coadministered WBHS with their medications, 93(7.1%) were on chronic medications.
Conclusion: Water beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa is used to treat diverse diseases with attendant side effects and is sometimes coadministered with medications for chronic diseases. This may predispose users to herb-drug interactions. Thus there is a need to investigate some of the drugs co-administered with the beverage for possible herb-drug interaction.
Prevalence and correlates of sexual dysfunction among patients with mental disorders in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria
(2021) Adesola, A. O.; Oladeji, B.
Background: Sexual dysfunction is more common among patients with mental disorders compared to the general population. Despite this high occurrence, information regarding sexual dysfunction as well as their correlates in patients receiving care for mental disorders in developing countries is still sparse. Aim: To determine the prevalence and correlates of sexual dysfunction among patients with mental disorders receiving care in a tertiary hospital in Southwest Nigeria. Setting: This study was performed at the psychiatric outpatient clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on a convenience sample of 238 adults aged 18–60 years. Socio-demographic and clinical information was obtained from all recruited patients. Sexual dysfunction was assessed using the International Index of Erectile Function questionnaire for men and the Female Sexual Function Index questionnaire for women. Questionnaires for measuring depression, medication adherence and autonomic medication side effects were also administered. Associations between sexual dysfunction and socio-demographic and clinical factors were explored. Results: The prevalence rates of sexual dysfunction among male and female participants were 84.7% and 95.7%, respectively. In the multivariate analysis, employment status and autonomic side effects of psychotropic medications significantly predicted male sexual dysfunction, while religion and employment status were predictors of female sexual dysfunction. Conclusion: Sexual dysfunction is very common among patients with mental disorders, with higher rates in female participants. There is a need for clinicians to consider routine screening for sexual dysfunction in psychiatric outpatients with a view of providing psychosocial interventions to improve patient’s quality of life.
Intermittent explosive disorder subtypes in the general population: association with comorbidity, impairment and suicidality
(Cambridge University Press, 2020) Scott, K. M.; de Vries, Y. A.; Aguilar-Gaxiola, S.; Al-Hamzawi, A.; Alonso, J.; Bromet, E. J.; Bunting, B.; Caldas-de-Almeida, J. M.; Cía, A.; Florescu, S.; Gureje, O.; Hu, C. Y.; Karam, E. G.; Karam, A.; Kawakami, N.; Kessler, R. C.; Lee, S.; McGrath, J.; Oladeji, B.; Posada-Villa, J.; Stein, D. J.; Zarkov, Z.; de Jonge, P.
Aims. Intermittent explosive disorder (IED) is characterised by impulsive anger attacks that vary greatly across individuals in severity and consequence. Understanding IED subtypes has been limited by lack of large, general population datasets including assessment of IED. Using the 17-country World Mental Health surveys dataset, this study examined whether behavioural subtypes of IED are associated with differing patterns of comorbidity, suicidality and functional impairment. Methods. IED was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview in the World Mental Health surveys (n = 45 266). Five behavioural subtypes were created based on type of anger attack. Logistic regression assessed association of these subtypes with lifetime comorbidity, lifetime suicidality and 12-month functional impairment. Results. The lifetime prevalence of IED in all countries was 0.8% (S.E.: 0.0). The two subtypes involving anger attacks that harmed people (‘hurt people only’ and ‘destroy property and hurt people’), collectively comprising 73% of those with IED, were characterised by high rates of externalising comorbid disorders. The remaining three subtypes involving anger attacks that destroyed property only, destroyed property and threatened people, and threatened people only, were characterized by higher rates of internalising than externalising comorbid disorders. Suicidal behaviour did not vary across the five behavioural subtypes but was higher among those with (v. those without) comorbid disorders, and among those who perpetrated more violent assaults. Conclusions. The most common IED behavioural subtypes in these general population samples are associated with high rates of externalising disorders. This contrasts with the findings from clinical studies of IED, which observe a preponderance of internalising disorder comorbidity. This disparity in findings across population and clinical studies, together with the marked heterogeneity that characterizes the diagnostic entity of IED, suggests that it is a disorder that requires much greater research.
In vivo Pharmacodynamic and Pharmacokinetic Interactions of Hibiscus sabdariffa Calyces Extracts with Simvastatin
(Wiley, 2017) Showande, J.S.; Adegbolagun, O.M.; Igbinoba S.I.; Fakeye T.O.
What is known and objectives: Increasing number of patients use herbs with their medications. Such practice may result in beneficial or harmful herb-drug interactions. A recent survey reported that some participants co-administered
Hibiscus sabdariffa, a widely used beverage, or tea, with their antihyperlipidaemic medications. This study therefore evaluated the effect of concomitant administration of Hibiscus sabdariffa calyces’ extracts with simvastatin on hyperlipidaemia and pharmacokinetics of the drug in vivo.
Methods: Factorial experimental designs were used to evaluate the comparative effectiveness and interactions between simvastatin and aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa (AEHS) on lipid profile parameters in hyperlipidaemia-induced Wistar rats. Different combinations of low (AEHS 250 mg/kg; simvastatin 10 mg/kg) and high doses (AEHS 500 mg/kg; simvastatin 20 mg/kg) were administered individually and concurrently daily for 2 and 4 weeks. Lipid profile parameters were assessed at these treatment periods. Subsequently, the effect of aqueous beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa (ABHS) on the pharmacokinetics of single-dose 40 mg simvastatin was also evaluated in six healthy human volunteers using two-period randomized crossover design. Blood samples were collected at predetermined times for 24 hours. The plasma obtained was analysed for simvastatin using RP-HPLC/
UV method.
Results: Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa reduced total cholesterol (Tc) better than simvastatin (P = .031). Low-dose AEHS and low-dose simvastatin used concomitantly caused 38.3% and 57.4% reductions in Tc and triglyceride levels, respectively, compared with low-dose simvastatin (P < .05). Also, ABHS increased clearance and reduced peak concentration of simvastatin by 44.6% and 18.0%, respectively (P < .05). The geometric mean ratio of simvastatin AUC0-∞ with or without ABHS was 0.646 with the 90% confidence interval (0.564, 0.758) falling outside the bioequivalent range.
What is new and conclusion: Aqueous extract of Hibiscus sabdariffa lowered Tc better than simvastatin and enhanced the antihyperlipidaemic activity of the drug when co-administered at low doses in an animal model. However, aqueous beverage of Hibiscus sabdariffa caused a significant herb-drug interaction resulting in overall reduction in exposure to simvastatin in humans. Caution should thus be placed on clinical judgement or recommendations based on the animal results. Nevertheless, co-administration of the beverage with simvastatin should be discouraged until more clinical data are available.