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Molecular screening of antibiotic-resistant determinants among multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of proteus mirabilis from SouthWest Nigeria
(Makerere University Medical School (Uganda), 2017) Alabi, O. S.; Mendonça, N.; Adeleke, O. E.; Da Silva, G. J.
Background: Globally, and particularly in developing countries, the menace of anti-microbial resistance is an accelerating problem. In Nigeria, increase in bacterial resistance has been phenotypically established but due to high cost, few molecular studies have been reported. Objectives: This study screened for presence of transferable resistance genes and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) such as integron among multi-drug resistant (MDR) P. mirabilis. Methods: A total of 108 P. mirabilis strains collected from five tertiary hospitals in SouthWest Nigeria were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility study using disc-diffusion method. Transferable resistance genes and MGEs were amplified using Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis and amplicons sequenced. Results: Varied resistance was observed against all the antibiotics tested. About 56% of the isolates were MDR including those from 0-12 years old children. PCR analysis revealed the presence of aac(6’)-Ib (33.3%), plasmid mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes [qnrA (36.7%), acc(6’)-Ib-cr (5%)], TEM (48.3%), CTX-M (6.7%) and integrons class 1 (58.3%) and class 2 (26.7%). Sequencing analysis revealed blaTEM-1, blaCTX-M-15 associated with ISEcp1 and eight different arrays of gene cassettes: aadA1, aadA1-qacH, aadB-aadA2, aadA5, dfrA7, dfrA15, dfrA17, dfrA17-aadA5. Conclusion: Transferable resistance genes in association with MGEs are present in Nigerian P. mirabilis thus their potential in disseminating resistance.
Characterization, antimicrobial and catalytic activities of silver nanoparticles biosynthesized using aqueous extract of Euphorbia graminea
(Istanbul Medipol University, Turkey, 2023) Thomas, O. E.; Alabi, O. S.; Osharode, P. E.
Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is not only affordable and ecofriendly but provides a means of synthesizing phytochemical capped AgNPs with predefined characteristics. The objective of this study was the green synthesis of AgNPs that possess antimicrobial and catalytic activities using aqueous extract of Euphorbia graminea. Reactions parameters critical to the yield, size and morphology of the biosynthesized AgNPs were optimized using UV spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectra analysis of the biosynthesized AgNPs showed surface plasmon resonance occurred at 462 nm. Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed the characteristic absorption band of AgNPs at 3 KeV and confirmed 73.66% composition of particles as metallic silver. The AgNPs appeared as well-separated, quasi-spherical particles with narrow size distribution of 6.77±0.89 nm when examined with Transmission electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction confirmed the crystallinity of the AgNPs with mean crystallite size of 7.65 nm. The biosynthesized AgNPs showed broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against bacteria and fungi. The rate constant of the degradation of methylene blue in the presence of as-synthesized AgNPs was increased several folds to sec-1 from sec-1 in its absence. The prepared AgNPs could find applications as therapeutic coats in medical devices and in effluent treatment of chemical industries.
Preliminary phytochemical screening, antimicrobial potentials and GC-MS analysis of Secamone afzelli Rhoem (asclepiadaceae) leaves extracts
(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of Life Sciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2020) Oyinloye, O. E.; Alabi, O. S.
Secamone afzelli is used ethno-medicinally as remedies for stomach, colic and gastro-intestinal tract infections. This study screened the hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol extracts of S. afzelli leaves for phytocompounds, antimicrobial activity and identified bioactive compounds in the most active extract using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis. S. afzelli (200mg) leave was extracted by soxhlet apparatus using three solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol) and the phytochemicals determined. Antimicrobial susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) was determined by agar-diffusion and agar-dilution methods respectively against selected resistant bacterial and fungal clinical isolates. The most active of the three crude extracts was analysed by GC-MS for bioactive compounds identification. Presence of carbohydrates, anthraquinone, glycosides, proteins, tannin, phenolic compounds and steroids were determined. The three extracts (hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol extracts) had antibacterial (Range of inhibition zone = 10 to 18 mm and MICs 12.5 to 200 mg/mL) but no antifungal activity. The ethanol extract was the most active with 29 bioactive compounds including piperazine, phytol, leucine methyl ester, N-methyl-N-(1-methylethyl)- 1Pentanamine, 7-propyl-pyrrolizin-1-thione and 4,5-dimethylnonane. The antibacterial activity and arrays of bioactive compounds detected in S. afzelli leaves suggest that the plant may be a good source of novel antimicrobial compounds.
Antimicrobial evaluation of microencapsulated ciprofloxacin+Irvinga gabonensis gum against klebsiella SPECIES FROM PATients in a teaching hospital in Benin
(African Scientific Research and Innovation Council (AU-ASRIC), 2023) Onyenwel, N. E.; Nnamani, N. D.; Nwafor, C. N.; Onojob, V. O .; Alabi, S. O .; Obun-Nnadi, C.; Adeboye, O. O.
Klebsiella species causes nosocomial infections and other diseases. The use of Ciprofloxacin formulations has been adopted for skin and systemic infections, hence Irvingia gabonensis a specie of African trees in the genus Irvingia, was used for the microencapsulation of ciprofloxacin and used against sequenced disease causing Klebsiella species. Adopting the non-solvent addition of microencapsulation, drug-excipient compatibility test, batches of encapsulated ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis, gelatin gum with the pure active ciprofloxacin were prepared from formula X. The FT-IR absorbance at different wavelength was recorded. The resultant microncapsulated drugs were screened for antimicrobial activity using the single disc agar diffusion against K. quasipneumoniae, K. aerogenes, and K. pneumoniae isolates. There were no difference in wavelength of FT-IR spectra of Irvinga gabonensis, pure active ciprofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin blend+Irvinga gabonensis gum. The pure active ciprofloxacin was very effective at the concentration of 8.3µg/mL(IC5o:1.02µg/ml) and 4.15(IC5o:0.08µg/ml) against all the Klebsiella species. The ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis at 7.12 µg/mL (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) had significant zone of inhibition when compared to the pure active ciprofloxacin drug alone (IC5o:0.80µg/mL) at a concentration of 4.12µg/ml active ciprofloxacin. Based on the 95% mean inhibition concentration, ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonenesis gum (IC5o:0.90µg/mL) is a better excipient than ciprofloxacin + Gelatin gum (IC5o:1.38µg/mL). Ciprofloxacin + Irvinga gabonensis gum exerts effective antimicrobial activities and compatibility in terms of effective drug release.
Effect of kunnu-zaki on clinical bacteria isolates
(Academicjournals, 2012-03) Olaitan, J. O.; Adeleke, O. E.; Alabi, O. S.
Ten clinical isolates of Gram-negative bacteria were exposed in agar-cup diffusion sensitivity test to Kunun-zaki, a non-alcoholic fermented beverage, taken from eighteen samples. The undiluted samples of the beverage appreciably inhibited the growth of all the bacteria tested including, remarkably, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Vibro cholerae, Salmonella enterica and Staphylococcus aureus. The bacteria however varied in their sensitivities to the fractional dilutions of the samples. This antimicrobial effect represents another property for Kunun-zaki and obviates the possibility of public health risk in its consumption.