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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Assessment of Facilities, Safety Conditions and Prevalence of Accidents In Selected Public High Schools In Ibadan, South West Nigeria.
(The Society for Public Health Professionals of Nigeria (SPHPN), 2022) Okareh, O. T.; Nwaeburu, A. E.; Okoror, T. A.; Dipeolu, I. O.
Background: Poor classrooms, school facilities, and environments in public high schools create a highrisk environment for students.
Objectives: This study assessed the safety conditions and prevalence of school-related accidents and injuries in selected public high schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Ibadan, Nigeria.
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among respondents in 36 selected high schools in Ibadan North Local Government Area. Data collection was done using 1. a pretested questionnaire for the survey among students, 2. Observational checklists for On-site Observation (OO) of school facilities and 3. Assessment of water quality (WQ). The questionnaire contains 10-point to assess respondents’ knowledge of safe conditions and accidents. Water quality was analysed using standard methods and compared with WHO standards. Data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics at 0.05.
Results: Respondent’s age was 14.7±2.0 years. Only 7.5% and 4.8% of the respondents have good knowledge and attitude on safe conditions and accidents, respectively; 38.7% reported overcrowding(40-59 per class). All school facilities are in poor sanitary conditions, and there w1as an absence of safety programmes in the schools. Most respondents (96.2%) have had school accidents, 25.5% used a basket with a cover as a waste storage container, and 68.8% used waste burning as a disposal
method. Less than half, 42%, use pit latrines for excreta disposal. Only 39.4% had access to water. Heavy metals in water detected were below the WHO standards, while E coli was not detected.
Conclusion: The high occurrence of school-related accidents among students could be attributed to deplorable conditions and poor safety practices and awareness. Therefore, there is a need to improve safety education and practices in public high schools.
Mapping development and health effects of cooking with solid fuels in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–18: a geospatial modelling study.
(Elsevier Ltd., 2022) Frostad, J. J.,; Nguyen, Q. P.; Baumann, M. M.; Blacker, B. F.; Marczak, L. B.; Deshpande, A.,; Dipeolu, I. O., ...; Kapoor, N.
Background More than 3 billion people do not have access to clean energy and primarily use solid fuels to cook. Use of solid fuels generates household air pollution, which was associated with more than 2 million deaths in 2019. Although local patterns in cooking vary systematically, subnational trends in use of solid fuels have yet to be comprehensively analysed. We estimated the prevalence of solid-fuel use with high spatial resolution to explore subnational inequalities, assess local progress, and assess the effects on health in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) without universal access to clean fuels.
Methods We did a geospatial modelling study to map the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking at a 5 km × 5 km resolution in 98 LMICs based on 2•1 million household observations of the primary cooking fuel used from 663 population-based household surveys over the years 2000 to 2018. We use observed temporal patterns to forecast household air pollution in 2030 and to assess the probability of attaining the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) target indicator for clean cooking. We aligned our estimates of household air pollution to geospatial estimates of ambient air pollution to establish the risk transition occurring in LMICs. Finally, we quantified the effect of residual primary solid-fuel use for cooking on child health by doing a counterfactual risk assessment to estimate the proportion of deaths from lower respiratory tract infections in children younger than 5 years that could be associated with household air pollution.
Findings Although primary reliance on solid-fuel use for cooking has declined globally, it remains widespread. 593 million people live in districts where the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking exceeds 95%. 66% of people in LMICs live in districts that are not on track to meet the SDG target for universal access to clean energy by 2030. Household air pollution continues to be a major contributor to particulate exposure in LMICs, and rising ambient air pollution is undermining potential gains from reductions in the prevalence of solid-fuel use for cooking in many countries. We estimated that, in 2018, 205 000 (95% uncertainty interval 147 000–257 000) children younger than 5 years died from lower respiratory tract infections that could be attributed to household air pollution.
Interpretation Efforts to accelerate the adoption of clean cooking fuels need to be substantially increased and recalibrated to account for subnational inequalities, because there are substantial opportunities to improve air quality and avert child mortality associated with household air pollution.
Utilisation of primary health care facilities in Lagun Community of Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State Nigeria
(Modestum, 2023) Oyeyemi, T.; Awesu, T. K.,; Amubieya, O. E.; Dipeolu, I. O.,; Oluwasanu, M. M.,; Adedosu, J
Poor funding and mismanagement were identified as a major setback to healthcare service delivery in Nigeria and of which is a prominent factor affecting its coverage and quality. This study examined the gap in the utilization of primary healthcare facilities in Lagun Community of Lagelu Local Government Area of Oyo State Nigeria. A cross-sectional study design using multi-stage random sampling technique to select 80 respondents that met the criteria were given the opportunity to participate in the study. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information from respondents. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square were used for data analysis at 0.05 significance level, results showed that mean age of respondents was 30.5±17.0, where majority (97.4%) speaking indigenous Yoruba language. More than half (56.2%) were Christians, 56.6% had secondary education, and two-fifth (40.0%) of respondents being traders. Relationship between utilization and other factors at (X2=1.000, df=1, p=0.183) showed that awareness and availability were good, while accessibility and affordability were below the expectation as recommended by World Health Organization. Also, utilization of facilities that embraced health-for-all projected for the year 2020 millennium development goal would have assisted better improvement in achieving an holistic medical architecture through government and other health agencies proactive approaches if more enlightenment, intervention, health insurance accessibility, unalloyed cooperation of the dwellers with various health professionals anticipating in promoting utilization of health facilities in the community.
Social consequences of COVID-19 on fertility preference consistency and contraceptive use among Nigerian women: insights from population-based data.
(BioMed Central Ltd., 2022) Akinyemi, J. O.; Dipeolu, I. O.; Adebayo, M. A.; Gbadebo, B. M.; Ajuwon, G. A.; Olowolafe, T. A.; Adewoyin, Y.; Odimegwu, C. O.
Background: Emerging evidence from high income countries showed that the COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on population and reproductive health behaviour. This study provides a sub-Saharan Africa perspective by documenting the social consequences of COVID-19 and its relationship to fertility preference stability and modern contraceptive use in Nigeria.
Method: We analysed panel data collected by Performance Monitoring for Action in Nigeria. Baseline and Follow-up surveys were conducted before the COVID-19 outbreak (November 2019-February 2020) and during the lockdown respectively (May-July 2020). Analysis was restricted to married non-pregnant women during follow-up (n = 774). Descriptive statistics and generalized linear models were employed to explore the relationship between selected social consequences of COVID-19 and fertility preferences stability (between baseline and follow-up) as well as modern contraceptives use.
Results: Reported social consequences of the pandemic lockdown include total loss of household income (31.3%), food insecurity (16.5%), and greater economic reliance on partner (43.0%). Sixty-eight women (8.8%) changed their minds about pregnancy and this was associated with age groups, higher wealth quintile (AOR = 0.38, CI: 0.15- 0.97) and household food insecurity (AOR = 2.72, CI: 1.23-5.99). Fertility preference was inconsistent among 26.1%. Women aged 30-34 years (AOR = 4.46, CI:1.29-15.39) were more likely of inconsistent fertility preference compared to 15-24 years. The likelihood was also higher among women with three children compared to those with only one child (AOR = 3.88, CI: 1.36-11.08). During follow-up survey, 59.4% reported they would feel unhappy if pregnant. This was more common among women with tertiary education (AOR = 2.99, CI: 1.41-6.33). The odds increased with parity.
The prevalence of modern contraceptive use was 32.8%. Women aged 45-49 years (AOR = 0.24, CI: 0.10-0.56) were less likely to use modern contraceptives than those aged 15-24 years. In contrast, the odds of contraceptive use were significantly higher among those with three (AOR = 1.82, CI: 1.03-3.20), four (AOR = 2.45, CI: 1.36-4.39) and at least five
Barriers to accessing health care services and coping strategies among people with hearing impairments in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria
(University of Ibadan., 2022) Mesagan, I. C.; Dipeolu, I. O.
Barriers experienced by people with hearing impairment when accessing healthcare facilities have resulted in their avoidance of healthcare facilities, misdiagnosis, frustrations and lack of confidence in the health system. A cross-sectional survey design with a purposive sampling technique and snowball approach was used to select 80 respondents. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered and analysed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test at á . Respondents (68.8%) were single, 0.05 63.8% were between 18 and 25 years old, and 66.3% had high school education. The commonly used method of communication among the respondents was sign language (92.5%), and most respondents (63.8%) earned no monthly income. More than half (57.5%) indicated that their health status was very good. However, 66.3% indicated they took ill in the last 12 months before the study. Common barriers on the individual/demand side include lack of finance (65.0%), inability to communicate (62.5%), and fear of misdiagnosis (55.0%). High treatment cost (75.0%), delay before seeing a doctor (68.8%), and absence of sign language interpreters (66.3%) topped the list of the institutional/supply-side barriers. Coping strategies adopted by the respondents include seeking help from other sources (73.8%) and being accompanied by family members to the facilities (67.5%). There was no significant association between the variables stated. Sensitising the deaf about the healthcare facility where they can access health services will improve deaf patients' health seeking behaviour. Training health workers on sign language and its uses will help enhance the deaf's health-seeking behaviour to access healthcare services.