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Topical anaesthesia for pain relief during high dose rate brachytherapy for carcinoma of the cervix
(2015) Elumelu-Kupoluyi, T. N.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Eriba, L.O.
"Purpose: To determine the clinical efficacy of a local anaesthetic spray of 10% xylocaine in reducing pain and
discomfort in patients undergoing high dose rate (HDR) brachytherapy. Patients and Method: Ninety two
consenting patients diagnosed with cervical cancer and planned for HDR as part of their treatment were enrolled for
the study. Each patient had three sessions of brachytherapy following the standard procedures. In the first session
all the patients had brachytherapy in the usual manner with conscious Sedation with parenteral diazepam and
pentazocine. For the second and third sessions, they had treatment sessions using conscious sedation and 10%
xylocaine spray and a control session using conscious sedation and a placebo spray with 0.9% normal saline (NS)
respectively. Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) was used in assessing pain during each of the procedure. Results: Only
80 patients completed the study. Their age ranged from 2870
years with a median age of 54 years. The pretreatment
VAS median scores in the treatment and the control sessions were similar at 0.275 and 0.200. However,
the postprocedure
median VAS scores were increased to 6.3 in the control group and 3.2 in the xylocainetreated
group (P < 0.0001). The haemodynamic status including the blood pressure (BP) and pulse rates (PR) were similar
pre and post procedure in both groups. Conclusion: Topical xylocaine spray is efficacious in reducing pain and
discomfort in HDR Brachytherapy without any appreciable adverse effect."
Effect of storage conditions on incidence of seed-borne fungi if cowpea (Vigna unguiculata (L.) walp) and their control with botanicals
(Nigerian Society for Plant Protection, 2015) Dania, V. O.; Arabambi, B. O.
Seed-borne fungi cause deterioration of stored cowpea resulting in significant postharvest yield loss. Cowpea grains of three varieties stored for 12 months at varying temperatures, 28±2°C, 5°C and -20°C were collected from traders' warehouse across
three prominent markets in three major towns, Southwest, Nigeria, while three cowpe~ accessions, TVU 10111, 10204 and 10305 in cold storage were obtained from Gene Bank of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA), Ibadan). A total of 2700 grains were collected from Ibadan, Saki and Ogbomoso using random sampling method, while 600 were obtained from IITA. Infecting fungi were isolated using the blotter method and isolates purified on Potato Dextrose Agar. Cold water extracts of A Ilium sativum and Syzygium ""romaticum were bioassayed for their inhibitory· effect on mycelial growth, sporulation intensity and conidial germination·ofthe fungal isolates. Four extract concentrations were prepared by blending 5 g, 10 g, 15 g, and 25 g of each plant part in 100 ml of sterile distilled water. Fifteen fungal isolates were associated with cowpea stored at room tern perature with Aspergillu1flavus and A. niger having the highest incidences of 40.7% and 96.7% at room temperature and cold storage respectively. Extracts of A. sativum significantly (p=0.05) reduced mycelial growth, sporulation intensity and conidia germination of the test pathogens. Syzygium aromaticum was more effective with a minimum inhibitory concentration of25% w/v and will, therefore, be very useful in the protection of stored cowpea grains against spoilage by seed-borne fungi.
Effect of some extracts on Colletotrichum gloeosporioides AND Alternaria sp. FROM Jatropha curcas
(Nigerian Society for Plant Protection, 2015) Dania, V. O.; Ekpo, E. N.; Nurudeen, T. A.; Erinle, O. A.
"Varied concentrations of cold, hot water and ethanol extracts of four tropical plants (Verno11ia amygda/i11a,Azadiracl,ta i11dica, Carica papaya and Zingiber officina/e) were evaluated for their in vitro inhibitory effects on ,Jatropha leaf spot pathogens; Alter11aria sp. and Colletotric/,um gloeosporioidel·, Leaf samples (200g) and rhizomes (l00g),werc washed, dried at 28-30° C and pulverized to obtain extract concentrations of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 % (w/v). Agar pairing metbod was used to determine inhibitory effects of extract Etbanol extracts of V. amygda/ina induced the highest inbibition of Alter11aria sp. (83.0%) and C. gloeosporioides (94.5%) at 20% (w/v) concentration. Hot water extracts of A. indica and C. papaya was effective against Alternaria sp. at 10% concentrations. Ethanol extract of C. papaya completely inhibited mycelial growth and spore germination of Alternaria sp. and C. gloeosporioides atg/oeosporioides at concentrations ~ 20 and 10 % (w/v) respectively. Phytochcmical screening of extracts showed · the presence of alkaloids, tannins, saponins llavonoids and phenolic compounds with higher amounts recorded in ethanol extraction.
Metachronus endometrial carcinoma in a seventy-five-year-old woman with carcinoma of the left breast treated with tamoxifen
(2013) Abdus-Salam, A. A.; Moharson-Bello, I. A.; Eriba, L. O.; Abdus-Salam, R. A.
Background: A second cancer is a different type of cancer than the original cancer. It is diagnosed after a completed treatment for the first cancer. Second cancers occur in only one to three percent of survivors. The level of risk is very small. In general, greater numbers of cancer survivors are living longer due to improvements in treatment. Whether or not a second cancer develops is dependent on many factors. These include the age of the patient when treated, the treatment received, the genetic make-up and family history. The actual number of people who will get a second cancer is relatively small. Each cancer survivor's experience is unique. The aim of this report is to call attention to what might be an emerging place of secondary malignancies in cancer survivors in our setting. Method: We report a case seen in our practice of a seventy five year old woman who was treated for invasive ductal carcinoma of the left breast and developed invasive endometrial carcinoma about 4 years later. Conclusion: There is a need to be on the lookout for possible second malignancies in cancer survivors. Examination and tests for second malignancies should be part of the routine follow up procedures in this group of patients.
Efficacy of Oryza sativa husk and Quercus phillyraeoides extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of fungal rot disease of white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir)
(Springer Science and Business Media, 2014) Dania, V. O.; Fadina, O. O.; Ayodele, M.; Kumar, P. L.
Tuber rot disease is a major constraint to white yam (Dioscorea rotundata) production, accounting for 50-60% of annual yield losses in Nigeria. The main method of control using synthetic fungicides is being discouraged due to human and environmental health hazards. The potential of Oryza sativa husk (OSH) and Quercus phillyraeoides (QP) extracts for the in vitro and in vivo control of six virulent rot-causing fungal pathogens, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Aspergillus niger, Rhizoctonia solani, Penicillium oxalicum, Sclerotium rolfsii, and Fusarium oxysporum was evaluated, using five different extract concentrations of 0.5%, 1.0%, 1.5%, 2.5%, and 3.5% w/v. These fungi were isolated from rotted tubers of D. rotundata, across three agroecological zones in Nigeria―the Humid rainforest, Derived savanna, and southern Guinea savanna. All treatments were subjected to three methods of inoculation 48 hours before the application of both extracts and stored at 28 ± 2°C for 6 months. Radial mycelial growth of the test pathogens was effectively inhibited at concentrations ≤ 3.5% w/v in vitro for both OSH and QP extracts. Rotting was significantly reduced (P ≤ 0.05) to between 0 to 18.8% and 0% to 20.9% for OSH and QP extracts respectively. The extracts significantly (P ≤ 0.05) inhibited percent rot of the test pathogens at 3.5% concentration w/v in vivo. Rot incidence was, however, lower in replicate tubers that were inoculated, treated with extracts and exposed than treatments that were covered. Phytochemical analysis of OSH and QP extracts revealed the presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, ferulic acid, phlobatanins, Terpenoids, phenols, anthraquinone and pyroligneous acid. The efficacy of both extracts in reducing rot in this study recommends their development as prospective biopesticide formulation and use in the management of post-harvest rot of yam tubers.