UISpace
Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Benthic algae and banana (Musa spp.) as bio monitors of heavy metals pollution in Alaro River, Oluyole Industrial Estate
(2021) Oyeleye, E. T.; Lateef S. A.
Alaro River is the main receiving water body for industrial effluents from Oluyole Industrial Estate. Previously, studies on environmental monitoring of heavy metals pollution in Alaro River have focused on the levels of heavy metals in sediment samples, water samples and fishes. However, studies on bio indicators of heavy metal pollution such as algae and banana (Musa spp.) plant, which are commonly found within/around the river, are still lacking. This study was therefore conducted to determine the concentrations of selected heavy metals in algal biomass and banana plant in order to establish the feasibility of using the two indicators in phytoextraction and bio-monitoring of environmental quality. Algae samples, banana leaves and roots, and soil samples were collected at different sampling points along the course of the river and analysed for heavy metals. Translocation factor for banana and pollution index for soil samples were determined. Analysis of algal biomass showed that zinc was the most accumulated with values ranging from 133.27 ± 6.36 to 299.98 ± 130.13 mg/kg. Copper, lead and chromium were also detected in varying concentrations while cadmium was not detected in all the samples. Similarly, copper (10.90 ± 3.22 - 11.96 ± 1.98 mg/kg), zinc (50.59 ± 15.14 - 88.52 ± 32.73 mg/kg) and chromium (10.28 ± 5.98 - 12.13 ± 6.32 mg/kg) were detected in the roots of banana while only zinc (17.69 ± 2.92 - 29.02 ± 10.01 mg/kg) and copper (5.07 ± 0.86 - 10.10 ± 5.98 mg/kg) were detected in the leaves. Copper (0.49) was the most translocated metal for banana plant. The potential to bio-concentrate metals were in the order of zinc (1.24), copper (1.12) and chromium (0.44). The mean soil pollution load index was determined to be 0.62. From the results of the study, it can be concluded that algae and banana (Musa spp.) plant have potential as aquatic bio-filter plants for phytoextraction and bio-monitoring of heavy metals pollution in Alaro River.
Nigerian environment and health security: Current issues and projections to Year 2050
(2019) Anetor, J. I.; Oloruntoba, E. O.; Ana, G.R.E.E.; Okareh, O. T.; Lateef, S.; Akinsete, S. J.; Hammed, T. B.; Adejumo, M.; Sridhar, M.K.C.; Orunmuyi A. T.
In line with the NUC request to the University of Ibadan to develop a 'Blueprint for Health Security in Nigeria by 2050', this document was prepared to highlight steps and discuss actions required toward achieving this goal. Method: The situation of environmental problems in Nigeria such as: erosion and land subsidence, flooding (coastal, river and urban), drought and desertification, oil pollution from spills, and well blow-outs, biodiversity loss, industrial and municipal pollution from wastes, climate change, toxic and hazardous wastes, including E-waste, were addressed in the blueprint. Results / Comments: Although Nigeria is unlikely to be attacked with nuclear explosives, plans of nuclear power development, makes it desirable for nuclear security and emergency preparedness response measures to be put in place. A holistic forecasting of major environmental health factors is suggested; keeping in view the year 2050 is a little over 3 decades away. In addition, SWOT analysis of Environmental Management was carried out while processes of monitoring and evaluation, as main tools for achieving health security in Nigeria by 2050 were identified and reported. Conclusion: Achieving health care for all by 2050 though a gigantic task, Nigeria has adequate Environmental Health and Scientific manpower and resources to address the issues. This document should educate the general public on Environmental Health and its different components which include; Climate Change, Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH), Environmental Chemical Pollution, Food safety and Hygiene, Waste Management and Air Quality among others.
Lung Function of Grain Millers Exposed to Grain Dust and Diesel Exhaust in Two Food Markets in Ibadan Metropolis, Nigeria.
(2019) Iyogun, K.; Lateef, S. A.; Ana, G.R.E.E.
Background: Despite growing concern over occupational exposure to particulate matter (PM) such as grain dust and diesel exhaust, information about the exposure level and health implications among workers in small-scale milling enterprises in developing countries like Nigeria has not been adequately documented. The purpose of this study was to assess the level of exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust and effect on lung function among grain millers in food markets in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. Methods: The study adopted descriptive cross-sectional design with a comparative approach. Sixteen grain milling shops each were randomly selected from two major food markets in Ibadan metropolis for indoor PM10 and PM2.5 monitoring. Seventy-two respondents each were proportionately selected from
grain millers and shop owners for forced expiratory volume in one second and peak expiratory flow rate tests. Results: The PM2.5 concentrations for both market locations ranged between 1,269.3 and 651.7 mg/m3, while PM10 concentrations were between 1,048.2 and 818.1 mg/m3. The recorded concentrations exceeded the World Health Organization guideline limit of 50 mg/m3 and 25 mg/m3 for PM2.5 and PM10, respectively. As compared with control group (2.1 L), significantly lower forced expiratory volume in one second value (1.61 L) was observed among the exposed group (p < 0.05). Likewise, significantly lower peak expiratory flow rate value (186.7 L/min) was recorded among the exposed group than the control group (269.51 L/min) (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to grain dust and diesel exhaust accentuated respiratory disorders with declines in lung functions amongst grain millers. Improved milling practices and engaging cleaner milling facilities should be adopted to minimize exposure and related hazards.
Design and fabrication of an eco-friendly waste bin for household solid waste segregation, storage and composting
(2018) Okareh, O. T.; Ibidapo,; Lateef S. A.
Waste is a global issue and if not properly dealt with, poses threats to both public health and the environment. Storing of mixed wastes especially from homes, enables biodegradable materials to rot and decompose under improper, unhygienic and uncontrolled conditions. The study aimed at developing an eco-friendly waste bin for effective household solid waste storage, segregation and composting of the biodegradable wastes. Household solid waste composition was assessed from 32 households in three contrasting areas: Oluyole estate (Low-density area); Foko (High-density area) and Molete (Middle-density area), for four weeks to determine the quantity of wastes generated at household level. The generation rate for household solid waste was also determined and thereafter a waste bin (2ft X 2ft X 3ft) made from galvanized steel sheets that were purchased locally was fabricated and installed in one randomly selected household and tested for its suitability for storing and segregating solid wastes at source, with the biodegradable wastes converted into compost, using a family of 5 - 6 persons. The fabricated waste bin was made to store the waste for about 4 weeks and the compost quality observed at the end of 60 days. The analysis of the household waste composition showed food waste as the major component of the solid waste stream (39.9% - 48.6%). The household solid waste generation rate ranged between 0.45 - 0.60 kg/household/day. Compost was obtained from the biodegradable wastes after maturation, showing pH value of 9.28, nitrogen of 0.82%, organic carbon of 7.86%, potassium level of 43.61 Cmol/kg and available phosphorus 317.65 mg/g; indicating its suitability for both household gardening and farmland fertilizer. The time required for compost formation depends on the nature of the waste, the amount, and the ambient temperature. A major advantage of the bin as observed was that adequate control of the contents and process, prevent smell and fly nuisance commonly observed with other bins. The bin can conveniently be placed indoor or outdoor for use. For good housekeeping, the contents may be removed, the bin washed and set again for use. This type of onsite source segregation and composting waste bin is suitable for storage, segregation and composting of solid wastes at household level, as it prevents the attraction of vermin to wastes. The fabricated bin which can be made at affordable costs is quite easy to use and maintained. In addition, households can save the cost of engaging private service for their waste disposal as this bin allows for easy segregation of solid wastes at source in one device, including composting of the biodegradable materials. We recommend that the use of this bin should be adopted at household, community and institutional levels for management of solid waste, view to reducing the associated public health challenges.
Enhanced Bioremediation of Crude Oil Contaminated Soil in Oleh, Delta State, Nigeria
(2018) Ifukor, C. I.; Akinsete, S. J.; Lateef S. A.
Crude oil pollution of soils is an ongoing challenge in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria, resulting in decreased farmlands with the overall threat to food and nutrition security, as well as human health. Thus, bioremediation suited for organic pollutants should assume priority in addressing this enormous challenge. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of Remediation-By-Enhanced-Natural-Attenuation (RENA) method in remediating crude oil contaminated soil in Oleh, Delta State, Nigeria. Remediation-by-enhanced-natural-attenuation was performed on a crude oil contaminated plot. Soil samples (0-20 cm) were collected at pre-remediation, one and three weeks remediation periods to determine Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH), Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH), microbial counts, nutrients and heavy metals. Pre-remediation TPH concentration (mg/kg) of 274.84±0.81 significantly reduced to 195±1.6 after three weeks. Similarly, there was a gradual decrease (36%) in PAH concentrations during the remediation period. Naphthalene and related compounds (possible carcinogens) accounted for over 50% of PAH in pre-remediation soil. The concentrations of Ni, Cr, Cd, and Zn decreased significantly at the end of the study. Hydrocarbon utilising bacteria peaked at 2.38±0.06 (cfu/g×102) in week one but reduced to 1.12±0.07 (cfu/g×102) in week three. Total fungi peaked (1.75±0.04 cfu/g ×104) at week three remediation period while the hydrocarbon utilising fungi peaked (1.16±0.06 cfu/g×102) at week one remediation period. The study demonstrated that remediation-by-enhanced-natural-attenuation significantly increased indigenous hydrocarbon utilising species, with a significant reduction in TPH, PAH and heavy metals concentrations after 3-week remediation period. Our study further confirms the practicability of RENA in reclaiming crude oil contaminated soil in Nigeria.