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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Protective effect of cholecalciferol against cobalt‑induced neurotoxicity in rats: ZO‑1/iFABP, ChAT/AchE and antioxidant pathways as potential therapeutic targets
(Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2024) Akinrinde, A. S.; Adeoye, B. O.; Samuel, E. S.; Mustapha, O. A.
Cobalt (Co) toxicity has been reported to produce central nervous system and gastrointestinal abnormalities. This study assessed the therapeutic effect of cholecalciferol (Cho) supplementation against damages caused by sub-acute (14-day) cobalt chloride (CoCl2) exposure in the brain and intestines. Thirty-five male Wistar rats were divided equally into five groups: Group I (control) received no treatment; Group II received oral CoCl2 (100 mg/kg) only; Groups III, IV, and V received 1000, 3000 and 6000 IU/kg of cholecalciferol, respectively by oral gavage, and concurrently with CoCl2. Cobalt-treated rats showed neuronal vacuolation and presence of pyknotic nuclei in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, depletion of Purkinje cells in the cerebellum, as well as inflammation and congestion in the intestinal mucosa. Cobalt also increased brain and intestinal hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentrations, while simultaneously reducing glutathione (GSH) content, superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Further, CoCl2 induced increases in brain acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity and serum zonulin (ZO-1) levels. Conversely, Cho administration suppressed CoCl2-induced damages in the brain and intestines by reducing lipid peroxidation and increasing the activities of antioxidant enzymes. Remarkably, Cho produced stimulation of brain choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and suppression of AchE activity, along with dose-dependent reduction in serum levels of ZO-1, intestinal fatty acid-binding protein (iFABP) and nitric oxide. In conclusion, the protective role of cholecalciferol against cobalt-induced toxicity occurred via modulation of cholinergic, intestinal permeability and antioxidant pathways. The results may prove significant in the context of the role of gut-brain connections in neuroprotection.
Pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolates from some States in Nigeria inoculateci intramammarily into lactating New Zealand white rabbits
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2019) Amosun, E. A.; Emikpe, B. O.
The focus of this study was to test thè pathogenicity of Mycoplasma bovis isolated from cases of clinical mastitis in cattle in some States of Nigeria. Pathogenicity study of Mycoplasma bovis was carried out using five New Zealand White lactating rabbits, obtained from a locai breeder in Ibadan, Nigeria. The left mammary glands of each rabbit were inoculated intracisternally with Imi of 2.4 x IO5 cfu/ml of Mycoplasma bovis obtained from cases of clinical mastitis in Nigeria. The right mammary glands served as control and received 1 mi of sterile Tryptose Soy broth each. The clinical signs, post-mortem and histological findings were recorded. Clinically, thè rabbits were weak and anorexic with mortalities. Grossly, lesions were observed in thè spleens, lungs and thè ovaries, while thè mammary glands were atrophied. This clearly showed thè septicaemic nature of thè Mycoplasma bovis isolated from thè clinical mastitis cases hence proper hygienic practices should be implemented during milking for public health reasons.
Antibiotic profiling of bacterial isolates obtained from turkey and chicken in selected farms in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Amosun, E. A.; Adepoju, B. C.; Ogunbadewa, A. J.; Abatan, M. O.
In recent times, the prevalence of antimicrobial drug resistance has increased tremendously due to a number of factors including use of human drugs for the treatment of animal diseases, leading to the transfer of antibiotic resistance in terms of antibiotic residues in poultry meat to pathogenic bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic profiles of bacterial isolates in poultry cloacal swabs from selected farms in Ibadan. Fifty and twenty cloacal swabs were collected aseptically from turkey and chicken at Apete and University of Ibadan research farm respectively. The samples were immediately transported to the laboratory for microbiological analysis. Thus, the cloacal swabs were screened using MacConkey agar, blood agar and xylose lysine deoxycholate agar. Isolates were identified using standard microbiological techniques and tested to ten different antibiotic discs according to Kirby-Bauer procedure. Sixty-one and thirteen different isolates were detected from turkey and chicken cloacal swabs respectively. Of the turkey isolates, Pseudomonas had the highest occurrence of 25% while Escherichia coli (46%) had the highest occurrence of the chicken isolates. The Gram-negative isolates showed high resistance to augmentin (69%), streptomycin (69%), sulphamethoxazole (78%) and chloramphenicol (82%). Staphylococcus species which was the only Grampositive isolate in this study was greatly resistant to gentamicin (83%). Both the turkey and chicken isolates had different antibiotic resistance rates and patterns with a huge percentage (86%) of them being multi-drug resistant. This work observed a higher resistance to many of the commonly used antibiotics in the poultry industry thereby, posing a public health risk since most of these drugs are used for treatment of human infections
The Effect of Terrorism on Tourism Development in Nigeria: A Note
(Sage Publication, 2017) Ajogbeje, K.; Adeniyi, O. A.; Folarin, O.
This article investigated the tourism–terrorism nexus in Nigeria using quarterly time series data within a vector autoregression analytical framework. Unlike extant studies, we gauge the influence of terrorism shocks on the tourism sector specifically on the one hand and broadly the response of some key macroeconomic variables on the other hand. Several interesting results ensued. To sum up these findings, we found a negative response of tourism revenues to terrorist incidents over the long haul as well as adverse effects on other key macroeconomic variables. Therefore, government policies to revamp the ailing economy should be complemented with well-tailored counterterrorism approaches for effectiveness.
Clinico-haematological features of dermatophilosis in indigenous breeds of cattle in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Olaogun, S. C.; Jeremiah, O. T.
This study evaluated the clinical-hematological profiles in bovine dermatophilosis. A total of 50 dermatophilosis infected cattle were studied clinically and 50 blood samples taken from two different locations of Akinyele cattle market and Bodija Abattoir Ibadan. Hematological parameters such as PCV, Hb, RBC,WBC,Platelets, MCV, MCH, MCHC, Lymphocyte and Neutrophils were evaluated using standard procedures .The level of severity was classified based on the extent of the surface lesions and the chronicity as observed on the animals vis a viz body condition scoring system, hematological parameters under different breeds, sexes, ages and severity of disease condition were subjected to a one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with no level of significance established at p < 0.05. White Fulani was the breed with the highest cases of dematophilosis (66%), females (86%) were more infected than males. Cattle within age bracket of 2-2½ years (38%) showed clinical signs of dermatophilosis more than other age groups. Sokoto Gudali breed had the highest values for most hematological parameters, while Kuri breed had the least values for most of the hematological parameters. Females showed better values than males. Age range 3-3½ years had most of the highest values. Mild infestation showed the highest values. Therefore, this study has been able to revealed variation to dermatophilosis susceptibility, Kuri breed, adult cattle and bulls appeared to be more resistance. The hematology in generalized dermatophilosis have been elucidated by this present study and have been found to vary with age, sex, severity of infection and breed of cattle.