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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Microbiological evaluation of the potencies of brands of four parenteral antibiotic preparations used in the treatment of urinary tract infections
(AJCEM Life Line Publishers, 2015) Alabi, O. S.; Ijose, A. O.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease and sometimes life threatening if not properly treated. In Nigeria, aside adulteration and counterfeiting of antibiotics, potency of antibiotics can also be altered by factors like production errors and storage condition at the Pharmacy stores. This study investigated the potencies of selected brands of four common parenteral antibiotic preparations, in Nigerian drug markets against uropathogens isolated from patients with recurrent UTI. Ten selected clinical bacterial isolates from patients with recurrent UTI were collected from the Microbiology unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and authenticated by standard bacteriological methods. The isolates were subjected to susceptibility test against eight standard antibiotics by disc diffusion method. The selected brands of the four parenteral antibiotic preparations used in this study includes: Ciprofloxacin (Emason® and Uniflox®); Ceftriaxone (Rocephin® and Cefin®); Aminoglycoside (Pe-genta® and Philo-genta®) and Aminopenicillin/inhibitor (Augmentin® and Amoxiclav®). Efficacies of the parenteral antibiotic preparations against the isolates were determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) using broth-dilution method. L'EVALUATION MICROBIOLOGIQUE DES PUISSANCES DES MARQUES DE QUATRES PREPARATIONS ANTIBIOTIQUES PARENTERALES UTILISEES DANS LE TRAITEMENT DE L'INFECTION DES VOIES URINAIRES. *ALABI O.S et AJOSE A. O
Isolation of pathogenic strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from mobile phones in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2022) Alabi, O. S.; Ayoola, O. O.; Odeyemi, J. S.; Oaikhena, A. O.
The health implications of mobile phones emission have been a matter of concern to health practitioners for decades but little or no attention has been given to the mobile phones as potential fomites for pathogens. This study isolated and characterised methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) on mobile phones of students in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Nigeria. One hundred swab samples were obtained from the surfaces of mobile phones of students in a cross-sectional study conducted between July and August, 2019. Presumptive staphylococci were isolated on mannitol salt agar and identities were confirmed by standard biochemical test and Gram-staining. Antimicrobial susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method and mecA or mecALGA251, tsst-1, eta and etb genes screened by PCR technique. Among the 200 presumptive S. aureus isolated, 163 (81.5%) were confirmed as S. aureus exhibiting resistance to ofloxacin (1.8%), gentamicin (3.7%), ceftriaxone (29.4%), ceftazidime (57.7%), cefoxitin (61.3%), cefuroxime (64.4%), erythromycin (85.3%), amoxicillin-clavulanic acid (86.5%) and cloxacillin (92%). Proportion of MRSA and methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) were 61.3% and 38.7% respectively with significant difference in their level of antibiotic resistance to the cephalosporins (excluding ceftriaxone), penicillins, erythromycin and ofloxacin (p<0.05). All the MRSA strains were multidrug resistant (MDR) harbouring mecA or mecALGA251 (56.3%), tsst-1 (56.3%), etb (31.3%) and eta (12.5%) genes. This study detected a high proportion of methicillin-resistant, virulent S. aureus as fomites on surfaces of mobile phones among students of a tertiary institution. This is of public health concern and thus requires strong public education to avoid imminent spread and outbreaks.
efficacy of three disinfectant formulations against multidrug resistant nosocomial agents
(African Journals OnLine, 2012-09) Alabi, O. S.; Sanusi, E. A.
The current increase in the prevalence of nosocomial infections within the hospital environment despite adequate cleaning and disinfection can be said to be due to the following: (i) ineffectiveness of the various disinfectant formulations used in infection control on the various hospital equipments and wards; (ii) development of resistance to the various chemical disinfectant formulations been used in the hospitals by the various microorganisms. Ten bacteria isolates from different clinical specimens of hospitalized patients identified using standard bacteriological methods and found after screening to be resistant to two or more classes of the antibiotics: cephalosporins, quinolones, Betalactams, nitrofuran, macrolide and an aminoglycoside using the Kirby-Bauer method of disc diffusion test were used in this study. These were subjected to susceptibility testing against three selected disinfectant formulations (Izal, Dettol and Jik) at the manufacturer's dilutions and half the dilutions prescribed on their labels by using agar diffusion method. Out of these clinical isolates used in this study, 5 (50%) and 2 (20%) were resistant to manufacturer's dilution
Detection of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producers from ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north, Nigeria.
(2021) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Odumosu, B. T.
Ready-to-eat roasted beef popularly called `Suya' in Nigeria is a highly nutritive food and hence, prone to microbial contamination when handled in an unhygienic manner by the vendors. Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producers and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus have been reported in both community and hospital settings in Nigeria. This study investigated their occurrence as microbial contaminants in ready-to eat roasted beef in Ibadan North local government area (LGA) of Oyo state, Nigeria. Fifty (50) samples were purposively collected randomly in four different locations in Ibadan North LGA from 1st to 31st of November, 2019. Aerobic and coliform bacterial counts, isolation, identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using standard microbiological techniques. Phenotypically, methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus was detected by cefoxitin-disc-diffusion and ESBL-producers by double-disc synergy. MecA/C and selected ESBL (TEM, SHV and CTX-M) genes were detected by PCR technique. The mean total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts ranged from 1.5 × 106 to 7.8 × 106 cfu/g and 0.8 × 102 to 1.3 × 103 cfu/g respectively. Thirty-eight (38) bacteria were isolated: Staphylococcus aureus (15.8%), Pseudomonas spp. (42.1%), Klebsiella spp. (36.8%) and Bacillus spp. (5.3%). Four (66.7%) of the Staphylococcus aureus were MecA mediated methicillin-resistant strains and 20 (66.7%) of the Gram-negatives were ESBL-producers with 9 (30%) harbouring TEM and SHV and 15 (50%) CTX-M genes. Occurrence of MRSA and ESBL-producers in ready-to-eat roasted beef in Ibadan north is of serious public health concern. Policy and Practice.
Detection of beta-lactamase production among gram-negative bacteria isolated from semen of male patients with bacteriospermia
(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, 2017) Alabi, O. S.; Olowookere, A. K.
Background: Bacteriospermia, a condition characterized by the presence of bacteria in male ejaculate may influence male infertility. However, presence of bacteria exhibiting resistance to extended-spectrum antibiotics could be a serious challenge to the treatment of bacteriospermia. Objectives: This study examined semen of patients for bacteriospermia and screened for the presence of common beta-lactamases in Gram-negative bacteria isolated, in two teaching hospitals in Oyo State, Nigeria. Methods: Semen samples were collected by masturbation after abstinence for 3 days among 182 male patients attending fertility clinic of Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital and Bowen University Teaching Hospital between February 2015 and February 2016. Gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified using standard methods. Antibiotic susceptibility test was by disc-diffusion, beta-lactamase detection by double-disc synergy test and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Results: Bacteriospermia was observed in 26.4% of the patients (age range 21 and 60 years). Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp., Entetrobacter spp. and Proteus spp. were isolated. Resistance to amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanate, cefepime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ceftazidime and cefuroxime was observed in 87.5%, 62.5%, 45.8%, 41.7%, 37.5%, 37.5% and 27.1% of the isolates respectively. Resistance to imipenem, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and gentamicin was 8.3%, 41.7%, 43.8% and 54.2% respectively. MDR was exhibited by 68.8%. ESBL, AmpC and MBL was produced by 31.3%, 22.9% and 14.6% respectively, with 3(6.3%) co-producing all. bla and bla were detected but AmpC and MBL genes were not. Sequencing revealed bla CTX-M-15 and bla TEM 1 Six of the eight bla CTX-M-15 positive strains lost the gene to mutagenic treatment. Conclusion: High level of MDR bacteria including those producing beta-lactamases in this study calls for caution in the antibiotic treatment of bacteriospermia.