UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
· JOURNAL OF SCIENCE EDUCATION EDITORIAL COMMENT
(JOSE)
I am pleased to present this n" edition of the Journal of Science
FEDERAL COLLEGE OF EDUCATION, Education (JOSE) of Federal College of Education, Abeokuta to its
ABEOKUTA numerous readers in the academia. The Journal would facilitate the
exchange of ideas aimed at increasing the knowledge and
understanding of Science Education.
The articles in this edition, written by emerging and renowned scholars,
EDITORIAL BOARD were carefully chosen in the areas of Applied Science, Science
Education, Mathematics Education, Computer Science Education,
(1) Mrs. Olaore, F.A. Physical and Health Education and Agricultural Education. It is believed
(2) Dr. Mofikoya, A. I. Editor - in - Chief that the nation's policy makers would make good use of the
(3) Mr. Ojo, K. R. Managing Editor
Editor recommendations in the Journal to uplift the standard of Science(4) Mr.Adeniji. T. H.
Editor Education.(5) Mr. Adelekan, E.o. B.
Editor I thank the members of the Editorial Board for their efforts in ensuring(6) Mr. Akinsanya, P.A.
Editor the successful publication of this Journal. I am grateful to the Editorial(7) Mr. Busari, G. A.
Editor advisers for their support at all times. I also appreciate the academic(8) Mr. Ogunrinade, S. O. Editor staff of the School of Science for their contribution towa rds the success(9) Mr. Abdullahi, J. B.
(10) Mr. Ojo, F.F. Editor
of this Publication.
Editor Thankyou and God bless.(11) Mr. Omilani, N. A.
Editor/Secretary.
Mrs. F.A. Olaore
Editor- in - Chief
EDITORIAL ADVISERS
1. Dr.A. A. Ajayi
2. ProfessorV. C.lgbanugo
3. Professor A. O.Akinde
4. ProfessorS. o. Daramola
5. Dr.J. A. Akinwumiju
" III
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ORDERING INFORMATION
The Journal of Science Education "JOSE" ISSN -1118 -1364 is published twice a NOTE ON CONTRIBUTORS
year, May and November by the School of Science, Federal College of
Akintunde, Z.T. Department of Science Laboratory Technology, Oyo State
Education, Abeokuta. The subscription price is N1,OOO.OO per issue. Please 1)
College of Agriculture, lgboora, Oyo State. A relationship between Senior
add N200.00 for mailing. Each of the issue can be directly purchased by cash or
Secondary School Student's Achievement in Mathematics and Physics in
in bank draft made payable to JOSE atAbeokuta and forwarded to:
OyoState Nigeria.
The Managing Editor or Editorial Board Secretary 2) Adeoye Ifeoluwa Folashade(Mrs.) Department of Integrated Science,
Journal of Science Education "JOSE" Emmanuel Alayande College of Education Oyo. Argumentative Discourse
School of Science, of Senior Secondary Chemistry Students in Oxidation - Reduction
Federal College of Education, Reactions.
P.M.B. 2096, Abeokuta.
E(039)241443 3) Agbele, A. T. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Health
Sciences and Technology Ijero Ekiti. Effects of Collaborative Inquiry
@ School of Science, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta Method on the Teaching of Physics in Ekiti State Senior Secondary Schools.
All rights reserved, no part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a 4) Theodorio Adedayo Olayinka, Department of Computer Science, Oyo
retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, State College of Agriculture Igboora Oyo State. Integrating Emerging
mechanical photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written Information Technologies in classroom Instructional Delivery.
permission ofthe publisher.
5) Mofikoya, A. I. (Ph.D), Department of Chemistry, Federal College of
Education, Osiele, Abeokuta Ogun State. The Relationship between
Printed by: students' achievement in application of Mathematics to
Chemistry and Chemical Kinetics: A case study of Federal College of
Illuminations Digital Resources Education, Abeokuta.
Ibadan- Lagos
Tel: 0802-3636-338, 0703-2977-967, 0806-8520-220 6) Durowoju, T. Sand Oke, O. A. Department of Integrated Science, Federal
College of Education, Abeokuta. Ogun State. The impact of curriculum on
the cognitive outcomes of secondary School students in Environmental
Education.
EDITORIAL CORRESPONDENCE 7) Muhammad Babuga Binji, Department of Mathematics, shehu shagari
All editorial correspondence should be sent direct to: College of Education, Sokoto State and Umar Umar Dankal, Department of
Editor - in - Chief "JOSE" Mathematics, Adamu Augie College of Education, Birnin Kebbi, kebbi
State. Effects of Heuristic Technique on Senior Secondary School
Federal College of Education, Students' Performance in Algebraic, word problem in kebbi state - Nigeria.
P.M.B. 2096, Abeokuta,
Ogun State, Nigeria. 8) Olaore, F. A. Department of Mathematics, Federal College of Education,
Telephone (039)241443 Osiele - Abeokuta. Ogun State. Climate change and its Influence on
Students' Mathematics achievement in four Selected secondary schools in
Ido Local Government, Oyo State
IV
9) Amoo, P. A. Department of Physics, Emmanuel Alayande College of
v
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Education, Oyo State. Study of the enrolment and performance trend of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Generating Self employment through
students in the three BasicScience subjects in some selected secondary improvisation of Chemistry laboratory apparatus and equipment. A
schools in Oyo State. panacea of Entpreneurial and National development.
10) Popoola, B.A and Ogunrinade, S.O. Department of Mathematics, Federal 17) Akintude Daniel Gbadesere , Chemistry Department and Taiwo John
College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Attitude of Olusola, Biology Department, Federal College of Education, Technica,1
Secondary school students to Mathematics, career Preference and Akoka. Assessment of Occupational Hazards of Waste Workers in Lagos
teachers' performance, in some selected schools in Odeda Local Highways.
Government of Ogun State.
18) Amusat A. I. Department of science laboratory Technology, Igbo -Ora and
11) Professor Aladejana, F.O. Institute of Education, Obafemi Awolowo Popoola K.O.K (Ph.D),Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan.
University lie - Ife and IIugbusi A. A. school of sciences, College of Composition and Abundance of Arthropod biodiversity in Aba-Eku and
Education, Ikere - Ekiti. Analysis of selected school variables effect on Apete Dumpsite, Ibadan, Nigeria
Academic Achievement in Mathematics at the Senior Secondary level in
Ekiti State, Nigeria. 19) Oladosu, A. T. College of Education Ikere-Ekiti, Ekiti State. Science
education in democratized Nigeria: The imperative of pedagogical review
12) Muhammad Babuga Binji, Department of Mathematics, shehu shagari than the content.
College of Education, Sokoto State and Umar Umar Dankal, Department
of Mathematics, Adamu Augie College of Education, Birnin Kebbi, kebbi 20) Adeniji, T.Hand Shittu, A. 0., Department of Chemistry, Federal College of
State. Author Effects of improvised skeletal globe in teaching longitude Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Assessing the quality of surface
and latitude on Senior Secondary School Mathematics students' water of River Ogun.
performance in Sokoto, Nigeria.
21) Akinsanya Peter aremu, department of Computer Science and Akintade
13) Adeniji Rasaq Idowu, Department of Physics, Federal College of C.A ,department of Mathematics,Federal college of Education, Osiele-
Education, Technical, Akoka, Lagos and Ojo Kolawole Richard, Abeokuta ,Ogun State. Information and Ccmrnunication Technology (ICT)
Department of Physics,Federal College of Education Abeokuta, Ogun and Mathematics Education: A means for Self reliance and National
State. Assessment ofTeachers' view on Physicsstudents practical skills in Development.
some selected Secondary Schools in five local government areas of Lagos
State. 22) Dr. Oladipo, I. O. Department of Human Kinetic and health education,
University of Ibadan and Aiayi, o. A. Department of Physical and Health
14) Amusat, T. A Department of Physics, Emmanuel Alayande College of Eduacation, School of Science, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education
Education, Oyo State and Ahmed, A. A. Department of Integrated Oyo, Oyo state. Effect of power point presentation on learning outcome
Science, Emmanuel Alayande College of Education,Oyo, Oyo State. of students in exercise physiology.
Environmental pollution from oil spills and gas flaring and the state of
insecurity in the Niger Delta. 23) Omilani, N. A. Busari, G. A. and Jimilehin, Y.F.Department of Integrated
Science, Federal College of Education, Abeokuta, Ogun State. The Role of
15) Aminu, S Abubakar, Department of Chemistry, Federal College of Multiculturalism in Science Education in third world countries.
Education Abeokuta, Hamidu Muazu and Atolayan E.Taiwo, Department
of Biology, Federal College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Ogun State. 24) Dan - Ologe, I. A. Department of Biology, Federal College of Education,
The impact of climate changes on National and Global security. Abeokuta, Ogun State.Comparative study of male and female
achievement in Biology practical.
16) Aderanti, M. F.(Mrs.), Department of Chemistry, Federal College of
VI VII
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2S) Adelekan, E.O.B. Department of Physical and Health Education, Federal
College of Education, Osiele, Abeokuta, Ogun State. Family as Potential
Motivator of Youths' Involvement in Sports towards repulsive criminal 1. A RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL
tendencies. STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AND PHYSICS IN 1
OYO STATEN IGERIA. BY:AKINTU NDE Z.T (M R)
26) Animasahun, Isaac Adebowale, Department of Mathematics, School of
Science, Osun State College of Education, IIa Orangun. An appraisal of
Teaching and Learning of Mathematics through certain motivating factors 2. ARGUMENTATIVE DISCOURSE OF SENIOR SECONDARY
Nigerian Schools. CHEMISTRY STUDENTS IN OXIDATION - REDUCTION
REACTIONS BY:ADEOYE IFEOLUWA FOLASHADE (MRS)
27) Raheem, Wasiu Kolawole and Olapegba, Akinsola OlaniyLDepartment of
Agricultural Technology,Oyo State College of Agriculture ,Igboora , Oyo 3. EFFECT OF COLLABORATIVE INQUIRY METHOD ON THE
State. Climate change: Threats to Human Health, Agriculture and Food TEACHING OF PHYSICS IN EKITI STATE SENIOR SECONDARY
Supply. SCHOOLS.BY:AGBELE ,A.T (MR)
28) Olapegba ,A.O, Olabimisi , A.D and Omisore ,O.A ,Department of
Agricultural Technology,Oyo State College of Agriculture ,Igboora, Oyo 4. INTEGRATING EMERGING INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN 3 5
State. Training needs offish Farmers in Ibarapa Area ofOyo State, nigeria CLASSROOM INSTRUCTIONAL DELIVERY BY: THEODORIO
ADEDAYO OLAYINKA
29) Ojo, F. F. (Mr.) Department of computer science, Federal College of
Education, Abeokuta and Johnson Femi (Mr.) Department of computer 5. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN STUDENTS' ACHIEVEMENTS IN 45
science, Yomfield International School, Obantoko, Abeokuta. Harnessing APPLICATION OF MATHEMATICS TO CHEMISTRY AND
the power of Internet and the world wide web. The E - commerce CHEMICAL KINETICS: A CASE STUDY OF FEDERAL COLLEGE OF
approach. EDUCATION, ABEOKUTA. BY: MOFIKOYA, A.I (Ph.D)
30) Sodipo , E.O ,Department of Biology,Federal College of Education,
Abeokuta, Ogun State, Prof. Sodipo, A.A and Adepoju ,K.A. Department 6. THE IMPACT OF CURRICULUM ON THE COGNITIVE OUTCOME 54
of Statistics, University of Ibadan . Statistical Analysis of the extent of OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN ENVIRONMENTAL- ---- -- ._- -
Preparedness of Tertiary Institution Staff (Non-Teaching) towards EDUCATION. BY: DUROWOJU, T.S (MR) AND OKE, O.A (MRS)
Retirement: A case study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
7. EFFECTS OF HEURISTIC TECHNIQUE ON SENIOR SECONDARY
31) Rahamon, S.O and Akiode, J.I Department of Computer Science, Federal SCHOOL STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN ALGEBRAIC WORD
College of Education ,Osiele-Abeokuta ,Ogun State. An Investigation into PROBLEMS IN KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA. BY: MUHAMMAD, B.B
the Use of Information Technology in Combating Crime by Law
Enforcement Agencies. AND UMAR,U.D
8. CLIMATE CHANGE AND ITS INFLUENCE ON STUDENTS 7 6
MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT IN FOUR SELECTED
SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN IDO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, OYO
STATE. BY OLAORE, F.A
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STUDY OF THE ENROLMENT AND PERFORMANCE TREND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. BY: ADERANTI,M.F
OF STUDENTS IN THE THREE BASIC SCIENCE SUBJECT IN
SOME SELECTED SECONDARY SCHOOLS IN OYO 17. ASSESSMENT OF OCCUPATIONAL HAZARDS OF WASTE 1 7 2
STATE.BY:AMOO P.A. WORKERS IN LAGOS HIGHWAYS. BY: AKINTUNDE DANIEL
GBADESEREANDTAIWOJOHN OLUSOLA.
10. ATIITUDE OF SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS TO
MATHEMATICS ,CAREER PREFERENCE, AND TEACHERS 94 18. COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF ARTHROPOD
PERFORMANCE IN SOME SELECTED SCHOOLS IN ODEDA BIODIVERSITY IN ABA-EKU AND APETE DUMPSITES,
LOCAL GOVERNMENT OF OGUN STATE. BY:POPOOLA ,B.A IBADAN,NIGERIA. BY : AMUSAT ,A.I AND POPOOLA, K.O.K
AND OGUNRINADE ,S.O
(Ph.D)
11. ANALYSIS OF SELECTED SCHOOL VARIABLES' EFFECT ON 19. SCIENCE EDUCATION IN DEMOCRATIZED NIGERIA: THE 1 9 3
ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT IN MATHEMATICS AT SENIOR IMPERATIVE OF PEDAGOGICAL REVIEW THAN THE
SECONDARY SCHOOL LEVEL IN EKITI STATE, NIGERIA. BY:
CONTENT. BY : OLADOSU ,A.T
PROF F.O ALADEJANA AND ILUGBUSI A.A
20. ASSESSING THE QUALITY OF SURFACE WATER OF RIVER. 203
12. EFFECTS OF IMPROVISED SKELETAL GLOBE IN TEACHING OGUN BYADENIJI,T.H (MR) AND SHITU A.O (MRS)
LONGITUDE AND LATITUDE ON SENIOR SECONDARY
SCHOOL MATHEMATICS STUDENTS' PERFORMANCE IN '22 21. INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY (ICT)
SOKOTO, NIGERIA. BY MUHAMMAD, B.B AND UMAR,U.D AND· MATHEMATICS EDUCATION : A MEANS FOR SELF 21 3
RELIANCE AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT. BY: AKINSANYA
13. ASSESSMENT OF TEACHERS' VIEW ON PHYSICS STUDENTS, 32 ,PETERAREMU (MR) AND AKINTADE, C.A (MR)
PRACTICAL SKILLS IN SOME SELECTED SECONDARY
SCHOOLS IN FIVE LOCAL GOVERNMENT AREAS OF LAGOS 22. EFFECT OF POWERPOINT PRESENTATION ON LEARNING 2 29
STATE. BY : ADENIJI RASAQ IDOWU AND OJO KOLAWOLE OUTCOME OF STUDENTS IN EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY BY 1.0.
RICHARD
OLADIPO(Ph.D) AND AJAYI O. A.
14. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION FROM OIL SPILL AND GAS, 44 23. THE ROLE OF MULTICULTURALISM IN SCIENCE EDUCATION 2 39
FLARING AND THE STATE OF INSECURITY IN NIGER DELTA. IN THIRD WORLD COUNTRIES BY OMILANI N.A, BUSARI G.A
BY: AM USAT ,T.A AN 0 AH MED , A.A
& OGUNGBESAN Y.
15. THE IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGES ON NATIONAL AND' 52 24. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF MALE AND FEMALE 249
GLOBAL SECURITY. BY : AMINU , S.ABUBAKAR ,HAMIDU ACHIEVEMENT IN BIOLOGY PRACTICAL BY DAN-OLOGE 1.A.
MUAZU,ANDAFOLAYAN .ETAIWO
25. FAMILY AS POTENTIAL MOTIVATORS OF YOUTHS' 256
16. GENERATING SELF- EMPLOYMENT THROUGH, 62 INVOLVEMENT IN SPORTS TOWARDS REPULSIVE CRIMINAL
IMPROVISATION OF CHEMISTRY LABORATORY APPARATUS
TENDENCIES BYADELEKAN E.O.B
AND EQUIPMENT. A PANACEA TO ENTREPRENEURIAL AND
.::c W3Hfi6AiA'X C2..~. ;;;;
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26. AN APPRAISAL OF TEACHING AND LEARNING OF
MATHEMATICS THROUGH CERTAIN MOTIVATING FACTORS 2 7 a
IN NIGERIAN SCHOOLS BY ANIMASAHUN, ISAAC
ADEBOWALE
27. CLIMATE CHANGE: THREATS TO HUMAN HEALTH,
AGRICULTURE AND FOOD SUPPLY. BY RAHEEM, WASIU 283
KOLAWOLE & OLAPEGBA, AKINSOLA OLANIYI
28. TRAINING NEEDS OF FISH FARMERS IN IBARAPA AREA OF
OYO STATE, NIGERIA BYOLAPEGBA, A.O., OLABIMISI, A.D. & 293
OMISORE, O.A.
29. HARNESSING THE POWER OF THE INTERNET AND THE 303
WORLD WIDE WEB: THE E-COMMERCE APPROACH BY OJO,
F.F(Mr) &JOHNSON, FEMI(Mr
30 STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE EXTENT OF PREPAREDNESS 323
OF TERTIARY INSTITUTION STAFF (NON-TEACHING)
TOWARDS RETIREMENT: A CASE STUDY OF THE UNIVERSITY
OF IBADAN, NIGERIA
BY E.O. SODIPO, A.A. SODIPO & K.A. ADEPOJU
31. AN INVESTIGATION INTO THE USE OF INFORMATION 332
TECHNOLOGY IN COMBATING CRIME BY THE LAW
ENFORCEMENT AGENCIES
BY RAHAMON, S.0'AND AKIODE, J.I
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
COMPOSITION AND ABUNDANCE OF ARTHROPOD
BIODIVERSITY IN ABA-EKU AND APETE DUMPSITES,
IBADAN, NIGERIA.
BY
AMUSATA.11AND DR K.O.K. POPOOLA2•
ABSTRACT
Species composition, abundance and diversity of arthropods in Apete,
Aba-Eku dumpsites and control site were examined. Materials used for
the collection of sample was pitfall i.e arthropod trap. The pitfall was
made of tin of 250g size and was placed in each site with ( one third
volume level) of 5% formalin inside in order to trap and preserve the
arthropods collected from the site. Pitfalls were implanted in each site so
as to have adequate representation of the arthropods. Each specimen
bottle contains 70% alcohol for preservation of the arthropods
harvested before identification. The specimen collected were taken to
the laboratory for analysis and identification. Data collected were
subjected to statistical analysis, means and percentages were used to
determine the values of arthropod. Richness, diversity and abundance
were measured by using margalefs specie richness index ( D),
Shannonweiners diversity index ( H) and eveness index (E). A total of
4,763 arthropod were recorded belonging to 17arthropod orders. The
higher percentage abundance of dipterans ( Musca domestica )
indicated that organic waste materials being deposited on the
dumpsites supported the breeding of the houseflies. The results showed
that relative humidity and temperature have a greater effect on the
abundance of arthropods. The distinct taxa found inApete and Aba-eku
suggested that the organic input from residential areas around the
dumpsites has positive effect on the arthropod abundance.
Keywords: Abundance, Arthropods, Biodiversity, Dumpsites, Pitfall,
Richness.
INTRODUCTION
Arthropods are joint legged animals with segmented bodies and
exoskeleton. The diverse group comprised of the insects, Arachnids (
Spider, Mites and scorpion), millipedes and centipedes. There are far
more species of arthropods than all other animals put
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Journal oj Science Education Vol. 11, No1 (lSSN: 1118-1364)
together(Thompson, 1994). They currently make up nearly 85% of the
known species of all organism with new species of arthropods being
continually discovered ( Cleveland,Hickman and Larry, 1979 ;David,
2009 ). Arthropods make up the largest most diverse and least
understood components of most terrestrial ecosystem. Their extreme
variety and small size have enabled them to fill virtually every niche
available in this ecosystem.
Traditionally, forest entomologist have viewed arthropods in term of
their negative impact on timber production, while less attention has
been given to the crucial roles they play in the functioning of the
ecosystem ( Samuel, 2000 ). The tremendous adaptive diversity of
arthropods has made them all represented in every major habitats, from
the ocean floor to the Kitchen wall, from arctic region to the inside of
other animals, that is they inhabited every nook and cranny of the earth
surface ( Valentine, 2004 ). Arthropods are successful because of their
diversity, number of species, wide distribution of variety with habitats,
feeding habit and power of adaptation to changing conditions (David,
2009). There are also some structural and physiological patterns that
have been helpful to them, such as versatile exoskeleton, segmentation
and appendages for more efficiency and better locomotion, presence of
air piped directly to cells, highly sensory organs and complex
behavioural patterns (Cleveland eta!., 1979; Valentine, 2004).
Arthropods are very useful in the dynamic of our life system.
Many of them are important source of food for many animals e.g
lobsters Crabs, Crayfish, Shrimps are eaten by human all overthe world,
some arthropods of order insect are regulated to possess medical
properties. An example is Cantharidin which is extracted from the
bodies of blister beetles and Meloidea. Cantharidin is a blistering agent
having various uses in medical profession (John, 1975; Samuel, 2000).
Another preparation known as It Specific medicine apis" is extracted by
means of alcohol from the bodies of bees. It is used in "treating hived",
diphtheria, scarlet fever and dropsy. Others like drosophilia are very
important tool in genetic and physiology researches (Charle's,
1960;Mattingly, Crosskey and Smith 1973; John,1975).
Among other flies which are domestic, many of them are capable of
carrying organisms of diseases such as Musca domestica, the housefly is
the common carrier of Shigella dysentriae, which produces bacillary in
man, Vibrio cholerae which causes cholera, Entamoeba histolytica, the
producer of Amoebic dysentery and Salmonella typhosa, the causative
organism of thyphoid fever (Charles,1960; Mattingly et a!',1973; and
John, 1975). Myriapods are arthropods of immense agricultural and
medical importance, they may be beneficial in aiding the breaking down
of humus and help to loosen the soil (Thompson, 1994). Myriapods in
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UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Journal of Science Education Val. 11, No1 {lSSN: 1118-1364}
class diplopoda such as Blaniulus guttulatus, which has long been
regarded as a pest of sugar beet, potatoes, oats, wheat, strawberries
and other agricultural crops and fruits (Popoola, 1991)_
Open dumps are designated land areas provided by the
authority where solid waste being generated and collected from various
refuse collection points are finally disposed off (Muraina, 2001 ) . The
offgassing of Methane is generated by decaying organic wastes
(methane is a greenhouse gas many times more potent than
carbondioxide) and can itself be a danger to inhabitants of an area i.e
arthropods and other animals. Bioaccumulation of toxins and heavy
metals which can occur on the dumpsite can also reduce the number of
arthropods present there (Ogbonna, Ekweozor and Igwe, 2002).
Anthropogenic effects in the abiotic environment are likely to influence
the distribution of arthropods, through changes in temperature
(Convey, Pugh, Jackson, Murray, Ruhland, Xiong and Day, 2002) or
changes in precipitation, snow accumulation and water availability
(Ellis-Evan and Waltson, 1998). The objectives of this research are to
determine{ whether the accumulation of Dioxins and Furans resulting
from the burning of plastics in the dumpsite will affect the) (i)
abundance and diversity of arthropods, (ii) to identify any stress on the
dumpsites in which arthropods can serve as bio-indicator and (iii) to
examine the effect of weather data like temperature and relative
humidity on the arthropod abundance.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
The first study areas (site A) lies in Ona-Ara local government area,
Aforuta village at Amuloko area of Ibadan,
Oyo state, Nigeria. Geographically, the study area was located on
latitude 7° 191to 32.271 North and longitude 3° 591 to 0° 471 East at an
altitude 197 metres (Aluko, Sridhar and Oluwande, 2003). The second
study area (site B) is densely populated area called Apete in Awotan-
Akufo areas of Ibadan, where the increased population is as a result of
siting an institution there, The Polytechnic Ibadan. This area is
geographically located on latitude 7°271and 45° 201North and longitude
3° 501and 55° 321 East. The area was formerly located at the outskirt of
the town but people are now building houses very close to the
dumpsite. The major source of waste in this neighborhood includes
waste from homes, industries like hospital, market waste to mention a
few.
The third sampling site (c) used forthis study was used as a control
site in the Zoology department at University of Ibadan, which is on
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Journal of Science Education Vol. 11, No1 (lSSN: 1118-1364)
latititude 7° 261 and 36°5911 North and Longitude 3° 531 and 44°3111 East.
The altitude is about 240metres. The site is a free area from dump and it
is a natural environment for organisms. This site was selected to serve as
control site for the two dumpsites.
The materials used for the collection of arthropods were pitfall
jarthropods trap, specimen bottle for preserving collected arthropods,
70% Ethanol for preservation, 5% formalin for trapping arthropods in
pitfall, forceps for picking arthropods, small bowl or beaker for pouring
arthropods from pitfall during collection and paper tape for labelling
specimen bottles.
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Ten pitfalls were placed in each site with one third volume level
of 5% formalin inside in order to trap and preserve the arthropods
collected from the site. Each pitfall was covered with rectangular (pan)
lid which was lifted above the pit to allow for entrance of crawling
arthropods. Arthropods collected were taken to the laboratory for
identification
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS
Data collected were ana lysed using mean and percentages to determine
the order of arthropod collected in the three sampling sites. Weather
parameters like (relative humidity and temperature) were determined
by Pearson correlation coefficient (r) in relation to arthropod
abundance.
RESULTS
The result showed that about 4,763 arthropods were recorded
in the three sites.Aba-Eku(site A) had thirty one (31) taxa comprising of
970 individuals, Apete (site B) had twenty four (24) taxa containing
2,846 individuals. Twenty one (21) taxa, 947 individuals were recorded
in control site (site C). Percentage arthropod recorded overall were
(20.49%) in site A,(59.70%) in site Band (19.90%) in site C respectively
(Table 1).
It was also deduced that sixteen identified orders of arthropods
were recorded in site A with high percentage in Hymenoptera (39.58%),
Diptera (31.03%), Coleoptera (11.65%), Dictyoptera (5.7%),and Araneae
(4.2%). The rest orders have smaller percentage values. Abundance of
arthropod ana lysed in site B showed that nine orders were obtained
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Journal af Science Education Vol. 11, No1 (/SSN: 1118-1364)
from the site, order Coleoptera were most abundant with (44.80%),
followed by Hymenoptera(6.5%), Dictyoptera (5.9%) and others with
lower percentage values (Table 2).
The result also indicated that eleven orders of arthropods were
collected in site C. Hymenoptera is most abundant with (40.30%),next
order to it is Hemiptera (24.0%), Diptera (6.9%). Low percentages were
recorded in the rest orders. Siphunculata, Scolopendromorpha,
Spirobolida, Symphepleona were recorded alone in site A with 0.10%,
0.10%, 0.21%,and 0.41%. Except Megalomopha that is represented in
site Cwith(O.l1%) and Syphepleona in site 6 with (0.04%). Order Ixodida
were alone represented in site A(1.2%) and site C (0.2%).
Polydesmida(3.0%) and Scolopendromorpha(O.4%) were represented
in site C(Table 2).
Arthropods are rich in Aba-Eku with (12.63) diverse with (4.41)
and evenly distributed with (4.25) followed by Apete with (12.55),
(4.16) and (4.05) and finally control site with (5.87), (2.04) and (2.19)
respectively (Table 3)
Pearson correlation coefficient (r) relationship between weather data
and arthropod abundance are shown in table 4. Relative humidity and
temperature have an inverse relationship with arthropod abundance,
species richness and evenness of arthropod collected in the three sites.
Percentage abundance of arthropods in the three sites are represented
in (fig. 1). Hymenoptera has highest percentage in site A, Coleoptera in
site 6, Dictyoptera and Diptera in A and 6, Hemiptera and Lepidoptera in
site C. Hymenoptera are well represented in all sites. The other orders
shown were graphically lower in percentages.
Table 1: Overall Composition of Arthropods in the Dump sites and
Control site
Sites I No of Individuals No of Taxa No of Orders
A(Aba Eku) 970 31 16
B (Apete) 2846 24 9
C (Control site) _ 947 __ ---~-- _21_.______ -1-1------
Total 4763 76 36
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Journal of Science Educatian Vol. 11, Na1 (ISSN: 1118-1364)
Table 2:The overall composition and distribution of arthropods
encountered in the three sampling sites.
ORDER AIHI Eku Apete Controlsi'- TOQI"
ARANEAE HOOF NOOF NOOF NO OF occ:urenc
Specle5 INDIVlOUAl OCCU"l"erc INDMDUAl ccc"ure INDIVIDUAL loc:re INOrvlDUAl
e "'" I nee
Eriooitoro lTansm"in~ 11 1.13 07 025 04 0.42 22 0.46
lit lil!'fooodo maximo 05 0.52 07 025 12 0.25
Rhobidoso rablde 12 1.24 0' 032 02 0.21 23 0.48
Borhrlocyrtum cofijomill'n 08 0.83 01 OD4 12 I 127 21 0.44
loxoscr/es 'e,lu~ 01 0.10 10 035 02 0.21 13 0.27
AUox(obustus 01 0.10 01 0.02
BociufIYKJ ins/ontS 01 0.10 05 on 04 0.42 10 0.21
TNtnario aQrtsris 02 0.21 02 0.04
liHrodectus macrons 01 OD4 01 0.D2
BUlhus occtonus 01 OD4 01 0.02
COLEOPTERA
Gonoceahdum Costotum 74 7.63 1263 4<>4 01 0.11 1338 2&10
~istl'schil 07 0.72 0' 032 16 0.34
MtaoJot'DurioUl 25 2.58 25 0.53
Opotropis his lido 06 0.62 02 OD7 08 0.17
Tribolium msron~um 01 0.10 01 0.02
Vxus Of/QuSfOfUS 02 OD7 i 02 0.04
fumario Smulcro/is 26 VI 26 0.55
I OICfYOPTE RA
BIa~no Specie 55 5.67 167 5B7 222 4.66
r DermODfero
1_Forficul~ Aurictlaria 02 0.21 02 0.04
DlPTEIU
Musca Dcmtst;t:D 291 so,o ioas 38.30 54 5.70 1434 30.12
RhaRio ScdlDlceus 10 103 13 0.46 23 0.48
Atd~ olbooiCfUS 11 1.16 11 0.23
Hvmmoptera
!bryvs nit}ri(Qr~ 229 23.6 03 0.11 351 37.1 583 12.25
COmoonotus Const:iJrinus 86 as7 117 4.11 15 1.58 218 458
isMd eTO 02 0.21 02 0.04
I MonomorillTl mnimum 6' 7.11 65 22' 14 1.48 148 111Hemiptera
teDlO IOSlUSoccickn rolis 03 0.31 08 028 227 24.0 238 5.00
Isoooda
Almadlidium 1&l1i9or~ 02 0.21 02 0.04
Ixodlda
blodts dcinus 12 1.24 12 0.25
lepidoptera
ll:mcaJs dlrisyDOUS 24 2.47 27 0.'5 06 0.63 57 1.20
Colyptro ab;v;Qolo 01 0.11 01 0.02
AQlois urtict1t 01 0.11 01 0.02
Orthopt.a
GryIlus bimcr:ulotul 23 2.37 26 OSI 175 18.48 224 4.71
Gryflordpo Iotr~i/Ie 01 0.10 01 0.02
5copJlp~dus motpinotus 02 0.07 02 0.04
S~ftOpdo sp«in 09 032 06 063 15 0.32
Pblydemda
H:Jrpophe haydtniono 01 0.10 28 2.00 29 0.61
Siphunculat.
Prduculus humonus 01 0.10 01 0.02
ScoIop.,dromorpta
Scoloperc;o 90ont~on 01 0.10 04 0.42 0.5 0.11
Mtplomorpta
I Mis.su~no occota-b 01 0.11 01 0.02
Sphbolidll
M7ceus omf!rconus 02 0.21 02 0.04
SYrfJ'h-,pkQno
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Table 3: Species richness, diversity and evenness of the arthropods
collected in the three sites
Months Total
Sampfing sites Abk Apt en
Marga lef's Richness Index (0) 12.63 12.55 5.87
Shannon -Weiner Index (H) 4.41 4.16 2.04
---------------- --- ~--.--.-
Equitability (1) or Evenness (E) 4.25 4.05 2.19
Legend
Abk-Aba Eku
Apt-Apete
Cn - Control Site
Table 4: Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between the arthropod
abundance, relative humidity and temperature of the three sites.
RELATIVE HUMIDITY TEMPERATURE ABUNDANCE I
Relative humidity 1,00000 .{).51130 .{).17532 i
Temperatures -0.51130 1.00000 .{).07673 I
Abundance -0.17532 .{).07673 1.00000 !
eo t::J'b8-Eku
45 """,to
~oo~icaIGlIde ••
%At:uncllnceof adet cracecee fourd in tlethreestJdysites
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Journal of Science Education Val. 11, Na1 (/SSN: 1118-1364)
DISCUSSION
It is obvious from the results obtained in the study that landfills
has high percentage abundance and diversity of arthropods which may
be as a result of moderate mean temperature between (27-28°q across
the experimental sites, this is in line with Samuel (2000) who reported
that there is decrease in orders of arthropods when temperature is
extremely high. This results also agrees with Sera ( 2000) who reported
that microorganism functioning in the soil are very active at
temperature range between (27 - 32°q
The highest percentage of Dipterans especially Musca domestica
recorded in Apete and Aba Eku dumpsites showed that dumpsites
support their breeding. This result agrees with Imai, (1984 and 1985),
Dave, Lara, Michael, Derek, Steven and Abolins, (2005) who reported
that calyprate flies notably Musca domestica has rising population
which are often associated with livestock farm and domestic waste
disposal facilities such as dumpsite where the accumulating organic
matter provides suitable breeding conditions for a range of species.
Highest percentage Hymenopterans (ants) recorded in Aba-Eku and
control sites shows that they are a good pollinators of plant because
many of them are collected undersides of plants on the dump site and
the control site being undisturbed environment. The lowest percentage
Hymenopteran found in Apete also indicated that Apete is more
polluted than Aba-Eku. This indicated that low percentage of
Hymenopterans could be found in highly polluted areas. This result is
related to Patrick and Robert (2012) who reported high diversed group
of arthropods which is dominated by Coleopterans,Dipterans and noted
the absence of Hymenopterans in horse dung composition
communities.
Highest Coleopterans recorded in Apete shows their level of
tolerance, Orthopterans and Hemipterans , have highest abundance in
control site compared to other two dumpsites, this shows that they can
survive better in a natural environment.
Higher percentage of Dipterans is also an indication that the
environment is highly polluted especially Apete dumpsites. This is in line
with Ahmed(2011) who reported that housefly is the most abundant
species and that the occurrence and abundance of the vector is an
indication of vector borne disease because dumpsites allow the
breeding of these vectors, due to deposition of organic waste and dead
organisms. The results is also in line with Onyido, Okolo, Obiukwu and
Amadi (2009) who reported that the most abundant arthropod
collected were houseflies in their study of survey of vectors of public
health diseases in un-disposed refuse dumps in Anambra.
Relative humidity and Temperature have an inverse relationship
with arthropod abundance, this is because the average relative humidity
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UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Journal of Science Education Vol. 11, No1 (iSSN: 1118-1364)
in this study is between (78-80Hg).
CONCLUSION
Generally the result from this study shows that Aba Eku
dumpsite had a very diverse arthropod orders which are sixteen in
numbers and thirty one (31) species. Control site had eleven arthropod
orders and twenty two (22) species, while Apete had 9 orders and 24
species.
The higher percentage of Dipterans collected at the dumpsite have
implication on the health of people living very near to the dumpsites
because Dipterans are disease vectors that cause yellow fever, malaria,
Cholera, typhoid fever e.t.c
In the mean time, organic waste that attract flies should be com posted
either using backyard composting or standard method of composting in
order to reduce the breeding of disease vectors. Further research on the
dumpsite is recommended to cover adequately the rainy and dry
season. This will help to provide more information on arthropods
abundance and also help to solve problems on information of the
arthropods occurrence.
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