‘THE DEVIL': HERMES AND ESU IN ANCIENT GREEK AND YORÙBÀ TRADITIONAL RELIGIONS BósèDdUeé Adolusegpnuaivnretbmr é os f sei iten óyt l ooàff ì Ade@Cgb dlmàad ésbòwàléaàsiinlc.c so m AThbes htrabideeennt iafiysn t o ct wirniytte hog rf human sociebeliefs differ fraao im spu aoprnrtee mo sfoe hc iubeme tyian ngr e lvoifeals that belief in divinity or divinities has trheèli gniaomnse agriev esnta trotl iDnegv dii ifofre rSeatnytta tfor oam rne o. H ostuh um thpeerer.r a n na t n in thè YorCutrhbar buisertaiinl gbs ehditio in agvse. aHno iwn a traannnasitllay rt iaeonlingd i ooofnt thsh.e ebr vomerrno, ndroeetslhiigeriieos tutiosc btUreÙandoeiftv ional religions, howe Notably, Èsù is counteeorvlpeilan rat tsd oerfie ttfyhl eaècn tGeddr eo eninke tgo vhfeè rt h,Y dèo ood, Hrf è Bible, Yor euu n rnb ocat pormet isto,r nawan t hr rsialeayst iÈo hoo s onf ù ld O oassl ófa d tthùhèmè personal embodim uniqaBruièbe.l eÈp, osbùsui titsi o rtnah tèihn Ye orG rra uesbn aat hirneetl ioigs i Hothnaèd. Hehsee rarmasl eds, like his Yoruba count uba number of simil aor ft rthaèit sg oind tsh, èa pstoraiuncltk hsgetueoir e rap eek This paper exapmsyicnheosp tohmè ppoos-sitions andndes . n adHrof t, is a tthè g ugiodde wthhaot wleeaad attrehirbèmu aetnescs aieonndft HGÈersreùme ekex sah rsibs timht ètah ndèye ahmd assokus; ancient Greek and Yoruba traditional religions in compariso nnad n wdY oitÈrhus ùbB ai i ngg hesibloitcdhas lt. pKeerycwepotrio èl dnss: Gorfe Seakta, Yno trhuèb Dae, vHiie.rmes, Èsù, Biblical, Religions. RALL: Research In African Languages and Linguistics Voi 15,2016 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 82 —RALL: Research inAfrican Languages and Linguistics Voi. 15,2016 IRnetrtimhèml ig oidouction Tanhcei em eaannntc n h oiaernni aats l.H bd mHe e oob ewrndeere va efru, ni cient Gree wn sroeclii da engt iioc m eonn egtnrrtaaasdlt u ptaoat ritnth goè fim nhtouonm Coathnhre isliistfiteai cnf irntoyam,t um rteiam noe s have a polytheistic religious Systemyf. pmipnal a anynt yhim edopinov,i rnrteaitsniesYoruba tradpti etr ico w otli kvi tehaly n.Zd He ueYsro mrauenbsda i sO torlanódedi ùtoimfo tnaharèèl Grareligions believe in like th neas in t te etkh èd ihvienaidti eos fw thhoè pheo ritsr adèye esGdcr reiabeske d aH nien r meY l poe r isr e to,u l mi hisgè ia or ndesliiv. giÈinoseuù ,sm isnee sYttoinrug boaf tthè Greeks like Èsù designated name of onbeae otransl raditional religion rendition of ft heèv aitli. onT hoseef ntnghaeèmr Beini b 'lcÈeo snwùt'rh, ast to how thè Gre Yoruba divinities, i est rheuo suÈegsdhù iinas usimenedpneo rristnat an e kto srf o tghleeè n Deeravlii idiff ly n vtiheèw Y oHruerbma etrsa nassl atai ongo odf twhèh Bo ibplela. yWs hialne tbrya distoiomnean ldisiatn egr eonifnt t htlhèig ebhiritbs .ll iivcDaelus ,eD Èetsvoùi i, atohsn èÈ tihnèf l other hand, has been 1996:80-82).ss A cdmceoasrncdkriiinbnged t'soh bimeont he amGsry e; ae ko bat sheùen,re nd s Èu,s eùn chea s of thè YoYvoorleeusnbpta e mc bdieaeeylitlt n hyy , re(YgIdoa rrruudbbedaa 4pan9and).t hTÈehsoeùn ose boxjhfe tcihbit thè h owu, attributes of Hteièvr aem neocsfi e tanhnti i sgG hpreeaseptk e rna nuisdm tYbooe reru xbaomaf d Èsù in thè ancie gi snointe m dG s it lhar(eèO r e nptka o ryaasne istm,s Hi, ien2r 0m1the0ès trad itions and : hDiesvtoiiitr. iiocInna la,o la rrndeaelliryg ittoiocn asal ciancno dcmo cmprilptisiachra iist hmoinse twhoiobtdjhes cB.tiibvlei,c athl èp epraceppetri d oa nYd ooorpfu ttebhdaè TAhnec ireenlitg Giorne eok Religion and GodsaGnrdee kost hcearn bmeo tfnr taohctèhe deai nsbtcaiicce kn rtteo l Gitghrieèoe npcser.e i-TsG hrdeei effrkee rpleiegnoitop nflre o oomff ttChhhèè r Misaitnniacoinaeinntyst UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY and M The Devi!': Hermes and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditionai... — 83 G(M1ri9en7eok1r : 1a y2nc)derel, ncaeertaanins as(pNeilcstsso onf, th1è9 r7e1l:i1gi0o)n. s Afr before eigig hitoE ugcsye pnSt tyuwsrteyer.m e .T ihTneht riosa dnurcecileeingdit o auGnsrd e Seiycn coccmoorr tdphioènr gpa teeotdop lein Notoiflstem wa sAssoina Pproilnycthipeaisl toicn esso,c rieetfiee e, like e sv eorryg ano tishtehedèr wbouuatts. Ttthhhèèe rObeol ywdmye proeiaf h nguso.n rsrd,e rhdea dtdso moafsa dnreeyist giiedosid nsg aonnd Mgoodudnet sOsleysm bpuuts c, esrttoaoidn goof dthdèe sPsaens tahreeo rne. fer r deIsnd presenZeus isdt oirf feaegsr aethn tè tt GhOrrdedr ly o aesme upkgr heliosteuernta ttt ihunèr e thsG,è rt ehGeerkse eec kigt oyred-slsitgion has not always been thè ruler of t htphèiè a ngkosi dnwsg;i tohUf rZtahenèu usg soa dt( stmh beèua h aaetnaedds hwsiebhaliivlneeg nKs) r woannaodss t hcwhèa iflsid rrdst ruler displayed by his son, Kronos (Cron tnu, insh)eg, t(iLeldo yudp- JTwohnieteh sb , et2hli0ee0ifr 1 oc:f4 ei5sn6p )lwa. ceerde bhyi sZteoursic, ahlliys son. Thus Zeus and his in formai sa thè ancient Greeks in trheegiarr gdoedds wasa ss udpirreecmtley ttahhnèèy tghsoihdnr gwin aetsos n tchatonuudagr hiet u tes obtain t l,tm ow plihrvaiecc.ht Si cuaecss. ples ererucia T blessings, sftì lclhye c Gonroedme;s e w thse eteks worshiped thè gods security from thè è ra ei nGmerdaed eaek tste om wtphiie ense of assulerlasine in ng cg lweoy d hsdian ciihddn waG thcrèerero ecepc en oem.l i tsres of woaTd heae su spwe eoslfal tn god arcsst huii sap.r Tieinhs e e waanecchrie e innctdl Grhè tne mthpè agora oef i vatird elyeu kam i sanctuaries served as also found in thè tempie w hè cit acieritsky.e -dTst haaetr ee saainsn catounnac iretihenèst wasalshnoec rtesum acraeylr lewemrh oetrneemie tsph lèwe -oesrhffeae prh leeelrsde otfh tèh ècu glto dsts being worshiped there, thè altars were thè mostie ndigm s bwwueiitporlrd hei votivtan nktge sbp utc aeatues. There were altars because that was where thè animai sacr.i iflF dlìco olefrdf et hrtièrn egaasns.c uTirehineetsr Gei rnwe eetkhreing in thè è es took pl ascaen acntuda rasys, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY a8ccios 4 ts niezter - R atniensd A LLb: Rye seBarrceh min Amfr ".w Iams ptohrèt a"nctu e icran Languages and Lingulmev, ien1na9ttsi9o 4ni:n o56) ev isetircsy Vtohi.i 1n5g,2016 festivals were celebrated by onetfh tèoh rè l imfreeo lriogefi ostuahscè thè sanctuaries specific rituals were laid down. r i pfcriicateycst icafenosdr owofht htichehèr mbe According to Lloyd-Jones (2001: 459), Greek religion is wahnei olclnthar ouotshee istic in natuorwofp noZ imneu otsrh pèah lliwacs;a t re particularye isad rspeor rettvh aooiful egedhv.e rpTyoh ledy itshGperuiesteteik ca mginoo practice; this is human qualities and cwehne god was an individuai pe dnrsgs o wtnhe èwr egit ohgd rhse,i sat tholyèr bganoeddin sg eswv. eaSnsi ntrcheeès e tonhnètf lugylo . mdTsah wje ta iktimyn.e mIsnso erostt;ah tehre wy ocordusld, tbheè jGeraeloeuks g, oednsv ihoauds tghoèd sG raenedk str syt raos nmgluyc bhe ali o se pve re ore dds i s b ftfheealriteniblee inv i tce edn atboteu tprwoe eoenf tthhèe man cainedn th Gumreaenk tfhigèh t against Oa dmyossretauis eovfefnen odvse rP otro w sietv a iidtao s ol wnom f ifsesens edtos a spn iaymy gm hooednn; osaeu g rpo todow cteharnè, scoonn sOiendq yuossafter haveridn eecyngre , ltooosf ts haaivslel ahhciitsmi ocsnre,e lwfO a,d nyadns sdteh utèhs elignve etss ba yo tte h fob h rlsiisn. dFcioonrmg ipnstance, in against thè suitors of his wife, Penelope. Hhea sdu rtmvoi vefe igstoh o t nIft Pahonascieoain dsoo.n nIl’nys Poof stehièd osRnpecial favour of Athena, a goddess more pow leoyrr fb uhelic sat hulaisfnee csmeuopltda rewarataes s . eoalic gipieoutnyb lwiinch , eacrnoecm ireemnlitug niGoarnle ehacacest i vbwietacyso. maT ehp eua bpglriocidv saa ftfewa imerr aeut ntenlirok;s t et hjutehsièrt crfoe upprpeosret individuity. In onettdhe edbr ya fao rcG aerl eso; they belonged to a pantheon that was Perl opeoxanmnepslee ,a wnHodre dorasf ,t eef kanc ahcti utGyrre, e atehnkèd cpolis. Each of thè Greek gods hwèa iss latnhdè ogf Sr weoamats m rdueinsvpiintoyint hysa ibdol efit fsAo srrp gaeo particular amos. Zeus, Apollo andcsi aAlir ntd eemtihtiyès, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY were thè gr The Devii’: Hermes and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditional... - 85tdahneè v iemglropepoaertd tda; niv eciaent i btdyei yvooifnn Aidtti hetseh nèo sf Dsome cities hl.o aBcda eulltip tghieri saa dinnud D temple awsl lhy e,i clcohes r,t thwaeihniri l gecou Adltsthenof several gs oahdcaq au iwreads gpsaoddesses. Sacrifice was an important aspect in thè rel sdi g ifaoìrnusdst ua(Bn rcaserd rcitfiiccee ed wm hmwa s t a osnaf ere der, 1c t hrtièch9 f ièGc ert eywepkaess .o tMof absanec ymr iofaifdc tieha.è l B Gaunrtei mtehkaè i g moddoessp ted cneodmmeadmn doonend at hannèim imgaoaldsi so(uNf cialhsn scaoisne n,t ht1 è9G 7rs1e 9aet4kt:l e3r,e 9l-isg4heep, goats, pigs, dogs, birds and fish births, marriaog:le4ss0t ia)c.ne Od, te iq0ou)n.i .nF oMexsateinsvy,a ls ooafwn tdihn ergsi teua nawldse rwheae rrbveae sosettdihn egor n features dheearsth hsa (d to do with naturai cycle ofo lfin fcear tlouikprees wathtriicbhu Greek gods are diwas cu etseatsoc mha andrdeyi tftyuo n htcaatsli koh noissf , soytithre n htgè Butrihesmhemd efrr, o1m9 9o4n: e5 3a)n. other by their ZPeriunsc ipoanl dtoivpi nfiotile 1 e2r seOpyley cmfoiaprlm iar nealsa , tcmiooneha etnroei nntght ètS hoyèts htteewmres l. viInet Ameaparorlylrli oaG,g rAee.re tkeO mpthoiese,rt s lo sw. Gerde ebky goHdesr ah, adh isa cceonntsroarlitz eadn dm opnaatrrochnyes ws itohf cthuèlt uarcacle pantadb icluitlytis D, iHaornoeym: seuPrs o, asAnetdihd eoHnnea,s ,i oDHdee, mrcmreeteeasr, Ares, Hephaestus, homogeneity in w coo rfc sethhnietprs eeiss geloisktdaesb Olaillslyh moevdpe itarh rGaonrue , and dtee dghcDe a oe. kAinp u lpWt hthit dhh r ooimfd iuptneo.ir ttTya hninet bsotavasetered sa.. Aspcceocirfdici nsgp htoe reG rweehkic hm ymthasy, beea ch of thè G i, regional, narteueèrk a G gdroeedegskr e cre of ai or evieutnylet- HHeerrmmeess ,w thasè oGnree eokf gthodGclruesetker t oraf dstitoiroine sa isn vwoelvlèli naggso dtthshè e hiGror nleioeteukrr agetodud rb eHy, e atrh mrèe emGs raperaekskassbe. dlFe rdkooimwnd nt hionèf UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY h86u ma—n R AcLhLa: Rreasecatrechr in African Languages and Linguistics Voi. 15,2016pirnehtayedsllyiicg atelon bts,u eicrludvn,e sn obinc isatba Hermes, is deriveudgt fan nl rn e oo d,t ss wtooui ftbt: eina tpyahod po y us m thsès eGsrseinekgke n ni cgfa ohl ramnodsweons v rde gorfa some enhmtuemedn , mti ananvnde noetfli ovpqeeu reafennctdt, sh[1teo9an7pe8 o:s8fe) rs vwtoerndite ea, ssb: oaunn edmarbyl emma koefr H. eInr mGerse. eIkn m 'élipnypteah -wo hl o iote ugryr. Th m,t hatih, h s è m e peniaalnem inoeg, Nilssonf IlIiffk aour peasant passed a heap of stone, as he was cmouffi eg tlhya to do, he might lay another stone upon it. bustet rhoi tnl ip stom lac ne eb wefaosr ee rite cat bedit oonf htoisp p orfo e gk, . wnHeitewh opaue grt ofkodnr mowweadisn egthm tihsbè o ardceitea ida s t vhaè hereais sirooenns a in thè uf ap sotl st,r o h n aion e te,f h tl( Hheeeap and in thè ali rnsmatmoan)e edi n at h whèh egiro tda liH setromnee ss ata andmarks to tchmhè . hSweu acdnwelt, ftnaendrdi tn hghè e o sncto atnloleep d ho etfah iptè. wtwraaacyytf saf,rr oeamrnsd ..o . nthee pirl agcoed t ob had nehoreteaps were welcome ecamhree rwt hthèho rp orsuoogtuheg cdhtoet sreh oristf lhiitse rasptuerHeedes r. maAnsed sr eiwsla iptteosd.r trayed in various ways in Greek myths and Hl"isveyermdm bbeosyl iimsse aodlv smeom othbeènil itpt yaan aiOnnn dGa ryheeeem kw im as(y 2tt0hh1se,r0 et:h4foè5r )ve i ratthsusèee protafst Hrotehnra mot ef Hs laid in an d mental agility.” She further explai anlels r wmthheaost bbdere dnsc erthibèe dd ciHtye romf egain tr-o nh oonfe tshti eovres, travellers, gamblers, orators going s as a god sk d tfheaarc tto odfr i gsoopfoe hndus mleusac nkg,so .oe Hxdco elmullceekrn , ati nnind t h i lèdfu isl hionn erdsetef.ec Ilomer and Hesiod aplrl oItlshiapède ,trriticyk, sr e sp ttiov eH e arXcmXts)e .s A aanHe s d t [Irlmiades, images w thhaèè a s UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY usu The Devi!': Hermes and Èsù inplacaelsly w Hsheeeerrmne ea bstu massian trehksèes t hw pealrasac lcedos on, cfd itut Ayn gciaentt Greek and Yoruba Traditionaì... — 87 speech and eloquence in generahic.è t eHgdios ed(sOs nawnaaydse doorways as wthè gods especially by his father, Ze uSse mi, 2010:45). ,r voinc e s vkwailraleisod ue ismn pothlcoècya u esll as Th edimaegrein sio e n bosy.f was noaattr ijevu esg to ptorhdeès eegnxotadam toipofl net hso èf o tfNr atilhvseisslo lenirn s o Ifiìn iad of Homer. From thè lcoownderu cwtooTrrl hdoe.f Hgthhoèom sseto rwu ils of thè dead thè stone heap, Hermes thè Healer ne nOtd syqsuseeya k(binogo k fr 2o4m,1 tt0hh-èi1s 5uw)p opSrtelardt e wbs:ourtl dal stoo tthhèè Tpleahd them a long way dow thnat way as Hermes Okthwpaseetya n m ayosv. ed thè mouldering Go osSoodn. tthhèe ilra snod poafs dt rLeeaumkas Rock and that flow, mwheeardeo wghostus ls were ap s parnoda cghaitnegs aonf a tshpèh Soudne-l Hermes apse oppslyec whohpoo'vme w hoarvne dhoowmne. s, thè shadows of wtraovrledr soifn tgh èt hlièv ibngo uanndd atihpyèo sbu enetdwmeerpewhnao sliizfee s anthdè dreoaleth ,o bf etthwè eegno dt hin tphuèr s Berens (2009:99-100) è and rueeiatnsrc ionaung rdaa nggdyemm enednaustc,ta itcai oleln x egorycf mits pherèse .sy Aenasio rnultds ns goH fae snrhades, Hades. throughout a resu mdlt e eosn fca Hos ueprrramegseeisdd' iinantgth eolrevetesicrt ttahhlsèao ta Hbrtee lroimef viene dG rteoe chea vwe eirn ums and wrestling schools st ewrpasr erteingga rfdo evr eedinegtnceo dlra atnthgeèud a wed as thè goadglp e ihsth.a Bbheeirts e ansntsad tf uutoret shh. eaHrv ermewho granted increeea xstpeal ua s agi nnh is dst UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 8p8ro sp- e HrAitLyL: RteosearveneratIino flo chc ikn sA fraicnadn Lhanegrudagse,s ahned Lwingausis twicso Vrosi. h15ip,2p01e6d with special al"ibcmceboarsding n h tbiosy hhsitesar tduasetmtsr,ei bnHu.eterms. eGs enise rraelplyr,e sheen tiesd rienp rveasreinotuesd waas ysa ctohafèp t h)C è r"d gless youth, with broad chest and graceful but muscular chainaa on a dod n ud d cTs e,au hhlasae n ro i dss poomrte face (Berens, 2009:104). As thè messenger patron fo gf omlde rhca i hr an ahg (eisilntnrsag v , l r ed ar'yfros w esdtin m a a hfg s ifss. w Wlf e iophr ai rs l in ahesi s h g g fteheèt )P aentads ubso r(ew he bears a purse eoi ndis hooiffs te ehlnoa qnrudee.p nrBce siei nnen gheteidsd s hwilavintedhr wsof all undertaking in which gain was a featur eei n,a gn hdteh a ès w gtohadès tm troorinocanld s gu kehiud e e et poopf eHfod as thè giver of wealth and goodluck, any unexpected eloquensd c eoin fc errtumnees wbays haitst rwibourtsehdi ptoe rhsi. s Tinhfel useanccreif. ìcSeasc rtifoì ceHse wrmeeres tshheamde as , w safaes ( eBannesrime, ahlso nweye,r cea kaelsso, psigasc,r yifoicuendg gtoo ahtsim an da sl aam bgs. Th alw od o ef and easnypsse, e sdu2yp0 p0pl9aic:s1as0tae4gde). aanHcrdeo rismnsv etohsk,è e aSdst y bxay . tchoèn dduyicntog rt oo gfr tahnèt TYhoer uYboar uTbraa,d airteio ndeael Rofotrh etrh emgr,o ubpe ginosf apnedpo pl ey lirgeiloignio and Goelen,d st hwè iuthYs oprreeuloibgp dls omnip aio eu pasen opdpr leaevc teirbcyee slai.e ffvLaeiik resi noe vf etlihrfèye wosemensasi clluinrig o t lyya te rned cose o auongfyh d from thètth, i ivine gosndhgsr .it no beeings and spirits, sacrifìces are made, "functiona T sho eba ntYadoi nrt uesbmoapm rleees f esarer nteos eet rhoeecfst eea dsds, iuvarinnaden cpbeee oianpngldes Òrìsà, obFerf oetmnh è a IsSdsuoigpw riuwe'ssh oai,ns athccèo rtdhienogc rattoi c Igdoovweurn m(1en9t7 3o:1f 7t0h)è, usneirvveer sea.s nreedm v " ea rBsieeoriutnisgo ,dn u,O tilitóe dsm ùtemoa apnresè r.tf hoGaremt nt ehinrea ssleuly b,d mitvhiisèns eido ibnve itinoni gttihse èsh waavrileel UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY brOeellóliigdeiùvoemnd.a to Tphela Dyev iTt:h HermrAès, rtehflèe crtienpègr etr es and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditionaì... - 89 channels through whicsh oeèlne of intermediarypresented to him. h st daaytcnirvaiefmìsc iecso ,nf apOtrulaórydee ùrom fb aYeroètwr, uetbehane ytr mas and offeraiandrgi net ioalninkadeì dcaivni nbite Yoruba s are Yorubai e sdt.re asAdcwirtibo telradal uda its(i o1an9 asì religion transmitted oiroanllayì frfoelmig7 io6 e gne: t . o2Tf9 h)bnerae esilesi etiono isfl sa rtieicnsh asa inxSd heprinciples u kpaerney tm erpeoged br eiBnliec niiepnous. Iefs lgew sa enrod t ef Amtrhw yèths,ela otSleau lp upr, eraamise songs and traditioto anrdee gcBeoetn igncuegir,d nbaenedlc ieew ff iritonhm tah tèt nharìe estfaooy lidgn egbnsee. rTahtieosne pbryi nmciepalenss, toof in orderIn to Y live peacefully. h ès pSiurpitr eamnde lwBieeafiyn nsg a hamnuedml ytah nbè e bslpeieiinrf igitnss thè Suprem vm1i9se9iab6nl:es3 4atn)h.d èB oruba tra yeO twhBniesei nrn ga,o dfii sth ionme GeOaol aóì invisi vde r unrn el oigio is poror rt t nhO,è l tóhdèù mYoarruèb. aO nlóarmune floitre rGaoldly, Cheoanvsetann ray t aunsde beayr btthhle.è , THYhoee ri us bYcaoo,r nuistbi diase runesadem dth eLèdo Oardsw tohèf hOeraigvienna to(rId, obwotuh, pOrlóorvuerbs. Expressing his view of thè e i nYf oogrrr e nGeetoridn o,g fs O,e verything in it ma uba pop lsuóalrayurinn ,gu ssi esa niodnf iCedvhearani sgt nida efno irtty ht"hè èa eli n Saumpre of smG.o"d H enw tdha es" e m" nt hbda eat t Btreaing, Parrinderoercrlanora c wem tsie v det eh ahft a ra " n osi d mt bi se a wMe cn c(e 1pu9ts6ae8bd:3rong tole 4) uslims s sut oce cxeIpssllsaafimunls l that Regarding thè Yoruba second name of God, Olódouùrg mgeCashrtèr t,i hstait y at nidn s(1ec9o9n6d:3 p3a) rtd, i'sMclAoRseEs', t"hhaast beetyemn oa lsougbyj eocft tohfè m n an uacmh eg ueesspse-wciaolrIldkyo atw hsi"us. uSdunebpiqarueteem. eiH nBe e hihneoagvw Oeenlvó e hè darùn, mdea mroèpn, h "atehtaiècr taYhllo,y r suSbtaa taecsk nthoawt lebdyg ec aHlilmin gt ot nd upreme over all” (Idowhbuèe, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 90 - lr1ief9es9 p6oo: 3RALL: Renf s5ei]bv. eleTr yh seearcf olr iY h oinr Aufrbicaan bLaenlgieuages and L vtihnèg hbueminagn bavneeidn tghtsha t i nguistics Voi 15,2016 worshipped directly but through mianng Odsl ó. brHeuconow, being thè creator, is mediumTsh ien Ythoèr ucboan tepxeto opfle r edliog ionuost poerndalciyat itbcoeersls m ewevshe rot,h sèOp lceóearnkut nrte h iroso fu ntghohèt wBimeitiphno gr mtbauantnt ayal ssposp eiecnt tohfè t hexeiisrt wenocres i.e cial attributes h.o ifpT t.h hTeèhy s epsaierr eist sp.bi rB vee liien intermediaries between God and man. Thoeuitlgiseh va er f eitn hc èsa pllSierudipt rOiesrm ìasneà oceannnvtonirloootgn ymbe estima d to be thè main sch, oeroneltsga alo rfad ntinhdg t aetndhc, oughèet th .s otMr eayl are group their number fìrst school of thought, argureibgsiitn sip i(or tha1f i9ts (Olot tt6hh9eè:r e7d ii ed 5wv-i7ola, a s1 9 s an 6iSties, 8mth3ae]j.r oeIrn , a Armefr iintcwoarno, Thcrahenead st,ee dcao rtnghduè e sdsc ihvtoihnoailt tio efts ht h"èio nud gtihhvèitn, iocthnieatsom lopwgieoicrnaeel dcn abotyte g ]u,o ptrrhyeè mo lfee ta hBdèee irsn pgoi rfw itthhso”è. brought inFtroo mbeing. Idowu decl Idcroewaute, do nb tuhtè owtehreer Acofrrirceac ntt htoètr sapadoyiti nitohtn aato lft hv ares: rèei eldiwgivi oinonif,t thè theology of Ininta twtou irlble eb ineo gfc, o torhrri entchgtsa t to wt shiaetyhy tchraeargtn aeth i it will not be ordering o r di eens were created. yt towo beetrheinè bg r dioniuv gtinhheèt edxeicsltasr ewsAi ttbhhi amOt blEóosdlùaù wm( f2 t0haasr èn0 è 6u:n6i1v]e rsine (Idowu, 1973:169]. ofrto cmre tahteèd b bethygè iOn nlósiandmgù.m eA acrlcièno, erb duiont fgt h taatr gEusmentradi ù co- t aatwnccdoo ro t gd i rt ohoin neug arp l sdto r ,i e v lEiigion, thereonnkeiet igkereso utahpna dtb ea ries sau Sbuop o Yoruba of thè distant past. For a lEoiknneggo spppeairrra rit,d r ei(nm2a0et1e 0B t:eo i2 nh1gi4m c] .a aTllrehede sdOei vldóididveùidnm itianiretèso,, iosd ainn dt htèh èh iostthoeryr houf mthaèn Y boeruinbgas, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY knienwg d The D s aeniEdtik eleesk aewd eearr eev il': s asc r Heerames and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditional... - 91 hcaieteragrocrh th ieicsa. lT nhaet unfirdre s tEo kcf le etoyep dda iretahd r d(o2uu0eg1 ht0o : t thh2èe1 id4r e-h2ief1ìrc6oa)it ci obanecl of important d thè Y tivities. w ass, a ocrcuobrad ignog ieve that thè thiovorisnledi t. iienTs h tbehesislei e gvareroedu tproe faherarevr ee db eteon aws it" hdt dG tsoo d c hafinrmo bm, ea trahenè a tchlyrèes aeptdri oiimnn ootrhfd rtiheaèel cdoaitvrhnienera igtniootodn s, and who is regarded hiavsèi nadinte ieiitnsyt eoorfmf hkeeaven” amb aenindg È O Orùnmìlà, tshlùór,doùumgha rdèe. ifiTehde g sreecaot nhdu mgraonup are nddoiiawvriylne ibdtiege. Those in thise tgsw aoenenndg gainoscslude Sàngó, thè god of thunder and lightning, and r tohuapt Ògun, thè gNoig doe cro.iaf tewda rw iatnd mAs menhti onnaetdu ertal eaai l uro rbgjoe ctTsh loiskee in thèOya, th èt hgirodd dceastse goofr yR iavreer roldess ainn dt hw gèho mod doisen saaslrsecosh , ikchnaalovsupreme divinity of Yo rwg eloi edvrei,f rftenhrmèe neYnto tpr ooufrb tOafo lódlieoist iaens,d l ipklea yt hdèi ffGrn as er eeenkt YOobràutàblaà , cr Òrìscreated thèe eaatirotnh amndy tmhsa,n ukbinalda;n ads s ( àO-nay eims dùmarè. For instance, rìlà of mankind. anoOthbàerta dlàiv, iunacitth y t,h hieès thè great divinity and thus: is oi ,vr id2eew0r1 e0do: f2a 8sO )tl.h óèIdn ùp mamtaroorst Orùnmìlà, described by Onayemèni, wOrhùon mwìliàll wphroosspe enr,a"m ies msiemanilsa r" Hteoa vtehnè kGnroeweks YA AZoep puro o usl ll, o in everyOr respelboca t ,i shg ù oea n dn m i s ì oo là wr a wcisu altyahsrè. gAossod n,A spooo fl loO lóisd ùthmè a srionf iddeivlyin kantioown n oars Oorrùa nc(mloerì. l àaI è sn sB . tat Ahoèsf father of The world designates divinhibtiays a2Ifn0àd1 0t:h3è3 ).paraIfpàh).ernalia of divin Iifnàg (Onayemi, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 92 — tRhAèLL : Research in African Languages and oÒotfgh iurenor,ns , lSikteec eol,u snmteirthpsa,r wt oarf rtihoèr sG arenedk a LHinegpuihstiacse Voi 15,2016ll aanrdti sasntsu isn, ims tehtaèl sY. oTrhuebrae gaorde Òsun, Eia, Olu-igbó, Sàngó Èsù. ÈÈssùù tihè BenevoleAoncceo rsod foi nntgeh tèoo f o4thr0aè1i m nto satnd Malevolent god believed to have tdrpaerdsicimt iioomrnpd, oiaarslt astndatet iedtdiiev bsin yi (tAiedse kin Yoruba mytholended from heaven inotloa [t2h0è 1e3a:6rt7h] , aÈts oùg yis. btwheaègs io nbtnohirennrg ah ota fnK tdeh,t èua scbsryee rattsi otn òkànlénfrfnwó irunmolè] [2013:4], like Adekolah aabtn yÈd sO ùlódùmarè. Animasaun [1983:2] , , decla ries so f t hwhuahmto a nÈnas pùma erides n htiaamsg e oalndd ta hFsa at t ohhneè tbmheèyl iteohfroil Olójà Ajùmu Lààlu. ltdhaè rceolsi g mgioi ctu h ogical stories of c sian tb oeÈfls iÈùesf ùaa,sn wda hdpairtva iicns r ieotayft uiiosn. Wtices.t mÈa sofùsSystem together w o trh ciamet eptvooe rbrt eat nhrèce c liani mth iiss wcoonrcke irsn tihng is believed è Sthyès tfeamm ew oofu Èldsù c hoallsa pspser e[aFda, ilhtdhea ,dÒ e2rc0ul1anr3me:3sìl:]à., Dweistch e octuoot g hnboiozedribing hltdho w,t htinèh èYY ooernruuba far afiteibrldae tAwo i tpthho èwo Atehfrrefiurc la enYle odmriuaesbnpatos r gaoo,fd in orCPuuberat, o HRaiicti, B òrìsà o, Trrainziild, atdh, èB rWeriatecahsinti n [igggoi nsdu, , cÈghso ùpd ldasecpserssee aasds] Samstia gtthreaèst. eBÈ lstaùoc kiso Atnhtoelawrn ltpart of what , Isanondmdie est h,m èJa aUym nlaaiitbceeadl, Èsù acquitrreadn sdaiftflearnetnict hidisetnotriy aic.n. .d r[esFl, iagÈlidsoaùn, . .b2. e0Inc1o 3hm:i3se] .sa bpilairtyt toof rsaeunscdph e Ocndta.amrae sa minocnlugd eo,t hEelresd. aE, taCycx hiun , nnEaamlmegeeg suc aoasn, hnLeoe tsgepbsra e,p aoEdwl efeagrrb, eafrneada, rwE aisdnhedu, UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY The Deviì': Hermes and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditional... — 93 tarhenèlda tcioonn Yssohidripue brwsa ihtthrima: dO ilttóoiod bnùeam l oarnreèel.i goiIfod ntoh wvè iued wi(v1si nÈitsiùe sa sto a primarily a special relations o9f9fi6ce:7r9 b] ed hbeasevcnere itbvhoeèsle cnÈltso ùsg eoasdst drheievpaiovnreittnsie st aona ndOd l óedmaùrmth tween arenpdo sratsc riofifc ecso rinre pceatnnrte, a, sraè in nospne ctthoèr -gdeeneedrsa l ofw thhos è Like thè Greek god, Hermesi,c uÈlsa odf wchoercskhsi p anind gmenaekreasi pnoost iotinolny atom aotntrga tchtè h Yiso rfauvboau gro adnsd a bnù r. holds a cru malevolence. He, like He lde sgsoindgd ebsuste sa.l sÈ cosi aùtio i saf onwrdoe srctsaehniptreadi afOrclotódùmarè and thè othe li his actsmiv ai ttsih emès eSoduf ipbaroteothmr tebh eBèt wedienivegin rrt mod eitvhsi,è n iisot itethhè divine messenger between activities and representinn ities s (òrìsà); he carries messages intelligence gatherer" (Faldgtah ,è O2 lg aondds er òrìsàs and also reports thè The nature of Èsù is i0lól1ud3sùt:m h auanmda gno tdod Oeslósed5) s ù, rat. reèd ains vhaisr io"upso mslipacyreèimn. gaH neo naa lnsadoll poetry) aEccsohrud (eÈds ùh)im tu. rOnnse r oigfh stu icnht oo rwikrio g orìkì (praise WWhheenn hhee iiss aannggrryy,, hhee hhiittss tah sèt osnkn oge, sw trhounsg: into right WEshheun s lheep its i na ntghrèy h, ohue swe e-eps teari ens u oonfft bailln oi toa bndlt.e. eds. bEbEu us t shht uut th sèl ehpotu osne twhaès v teoroa nsdmaahl l- for him. TaEths hleau s h tsè lh ev waep e l kst r tainnadtuft ofe hrdie stt hc anhh was too small for him.hrao uhutigm- ir whas seth ljfuè. sgtr voiusnibdlen.ut farm. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 94 — RALILf: Rite sheaarch inAfricahLey iwngo uddlo dbw enneon, th f no Lranguages and Linguistics Voi. 15,2016 Standing up, hbiese c hv h aèi i nsa si ndb h o lh uet i g lta est stahilzlè.e , H19e7 thr roof. 0:2o8w).s a stone todayo oakn din ktoil lt haè b cirodo kyiensgt eprodta. y (Beier, Anmasu tulrtreidev ietmahleaentd sc iaoinnn this oriki, Èsù is athè same time. baHle e h pmeersonality that n dionecsr endoibtl yh acvoem pal icpaatretdic ualnadr paricrgtehisvtei taninet sd,a wnpdorow naegbr.sf uTelnh, te l daoy ro iknbi e ta oll.a sÈorgs pùeo carantnrda cysosmn Ècasullùr, ravesins taibl yfli ebe opposites at nature; t yet gentle, high and low, swift ga uanrnded i omifn mivniotsebibnillseee,, Yhfoiosur nuedbs saae ln oc eÈ saùn dd envaottue.r eesT. hoÈo swùth eièsv eworou, trthssiihdsi episre , idnt bhpyees rhefie sca tdr aeec vcocotorendetaramost in every pa nc deic wtoitrhy gcaupaardbiilaintpi eeason. pdl Teh hareveyes iedfaveie.t hnH ii rnst behw oifos t rhpsèrho iwpt eorrsld p elaspcee chiaimlly,ar name i s that are him such names include, Èsubìyi (Èsesùc t thihvaeas t s gstirhveeonnwg bt htirh ta ninn daa rbpeeoanssie twvioohnlee rnoetf tÈos uptróosìn, (Èsù is worthy of worship), Èsugbèmi, (Ès eùhi rht oad ste hvmiosat cdioheni lm dt)oe, bbdoeivltiihen ve s tprGeircrek) esatkne darsn È,d sm Yuigosbrcuhàmilà (Èsù has saved me) among others. and hpeeoldps litetoisv sbe e pa ebnoedpn lnee.ve goEa biteia mythologies portray Hermes and Èsù as beggars go to his templpleeen vft-e m aanatdktr ekirbisnu atensd; eonnforcer divinities. Èsù has food and clothing and othsg eaar n (td1h 9ign3rg1os:v d2e-1sh) e toSa tr that aga t ettedhs è tt ohp aotths èi"t pidvoeoo wrs inmdtere,o ndh daen eidns Empoergaal 'ssÈu ispdùpe, oalr iktcseo rttorh oètbh oGèr rnaeeteeeksd Hyt heaèrn mdb eetshl ièew fph that ather money, articles of gods, is a messenger of Olódùmarè anoodo wro r (eaÈA sdsùae ckgroiivlfaiec,s e2 dfi ntoa ntchièa lg oadn.d" wide array of divine responsibilities. Htehs e tcrha dèr irmvieinesists 0i 13:60). meesne.s gsHeareg oehsfa tsh oèaf UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Olódùm The Devii': Hermes and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditional... — 95aa[2cdt0mi1vii3nt:ii5e]s a rèsteo f taol l tthhèè òdriìvsiàn,i tiaensd asr ewpoerllt sa sb at activities, raindndegc tltoah rotehsseè outfnh itavhteè r soÈet shaùen rd d"oirvfefiepnrriiteniseges n hcktas t too Gf oOhduló mdùaonmnsa. rFèa ltohlèa Yevoirlu ba traditional belief, is thè mediator b t ehatènw dre ehepnuo mrtthasèn o sgf." h Èisearth, hum ood s ùoa,w nidnn hoasuf smteh aèfon wrsc es of thè wans i(acAnkwde dd efoitrieces.s H oaers l dh; he is also an intermediary between presretnecde boyf Pdoeelamaltubh, e 1ar9tno9dn6 m:[2 wa9es)l .l t Ahacès pboriwngeir to impede thè wickedness believed to have thè know1al9xe7idm7g:ie2z c7io on] rd fg, ing g Ètohsoù n tgao s bsliestssings of thè gods to bab and power to deal with such forcesè.d pDaoenssdsc ireb sa ill"àiitnwie oms [ioinffai ml ipfierzi."ien sHgt) e,v t haièss Hermes aEnsdh Èusù i , li’ks ep oHweremr, ePse, mhabse rtthoèn p[1o9w7e7r: 2to6 ] b iieln,x gap nlatdhi nètsh :èn awtuisrdeo mof lroeclekass, ea.n Wd ibthec cohmarems isn hveis pibrloed. uHcee sis sdleeespbcr,i nibbdre edaa nkadss b pbeing abledueecrssot,om bnlesisn. kHileni k gce to on hiwfu transform himself to bird, Although Èsù is vieweds ae insyedesss ,, raeocro gnaiptipoena rbsy aths roowthinegr itnhsèp oirtehde ra hcaonmdm, hoen i ss aaylsinog a a sg mao odbn e nnde clapping his hands. [Èsù do not htgaor tmb veo lednret agdoedd b. yT hheis ddreevaodt eoefs ,È osùn cbohmyi lood t)eh. leòYrmo rdfìui vnba o hè Yoruba that iin oit ise'divinities can corenasit. r toHrlaed me; harm an wiisti itohbn e tlihheèov lededsx ctieot p tpthioaostn s Èeossùfs Oais l ópedoq o'uÈthsùwmael ùelyr ma se mi, [1996:8 ra rw p è dh erirs. Iecdah on's od wneudo ntt[ hÈoastùt Sàhat s]È usbw n ùd 1guó] e wr. eaÈlass tùme sai mkan incident between Sàngó and Èsù, he said acso uinldc lnude i ot hdam, n gSe veàd an ibagotóea bee nl sypt r tcohhmaatpl ltethlnyere w included.g eÈa psSùoà alnosgg nóeo t iddceaivinity is believmlleyad n rtdeois hnpego cniofduld posse ehsdes UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY g9r6e at— HpAoLLw: Reersearch in African Languages andr(2ev0e1r3e:n1c1e) aasn df o tlflheoaawtr : obfofethr a hciso mdmeov Loinnt gu epe istics Voi 15,2016 rsa yearn da s nqouno-tdeedv oint eFeas loilna IEwsùo mlo as es eo mloiwo to di mekunu wYÈoshùuo, tdfeeoml ln pfortote mdtegrace t mghrèpa tr imIwo lo se joye to so irukere nu You te ce c hteo Iwo lo se oba ti won yo loye wYcoohmuo m tbeeo mpted a chief Iwo lo se eniyan ti omo araye so di m cnapemtreed at hè king pYwhotheoèru sw t othero leomst h srn a p a wtnhh tieosd throne mad d o bf i thewncce è aurmerr ed EIwsùo e lloo ssee eignii iynaun itgob boi tniu w poonk fui nd asona YtYinh ooda uut ti v b empted thè tree Esù to se onifa, o sa pelu opon ifa sodo Ycoomu m t ti edemcuapeimttpa mit ewed h ftoihr eèw ood Oya firn ojo metadinlogun hDdiiisvviinner w etdhe osd u ftlihecdièd ew ith to th Èsù is also considered as both instfiogra tsoe èav gteionodtned aeepnssp d aOaryyaast us cdÈoisvùni nfliiitncite scH. oeTn in r and master of achlsi h old hreanv,e p trhife e èlsi c s tr t sst e ts i g aabrteee staw bceouennnfdl icts between humans and among thè raonndg gboedlsie af s a hnwute smlbl ayantshd assm aaobnnodgu tt hwtèhi vèe roles played by that Èsù could be se s, paònrìts ào. nT rhaenen Ytesor rrauannbdda UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 98 — RALLr:e Researmovuaedsrt!y l cihn i na A fsruìcaitna Lbalnegu paglaesWeahrne nt oÈ ksnùo iws beymc aen df Loirng tuhisècì cbs lVooiw. 1.5 , sp A 20g1a6in, he Apart frocmal liendv Soikgiindgi oÈrs Eù letog bdaeraa ( olIomdyoeew dsu ig,t nh1 i9sw 9hw6e:a n8y 2i, t)h ise ailsl psintorjwuosnetgriclleyes sbs e dtlooie ntviege hdtt o tb oaa bncke .i nkidnidvi dhueaair lt eowdr iatah n gdor orneuea'psd yoe nft oep maevoyep, nlÈegs eùw vhiasor iaoalusroes Hermes and Èsu in Greek and Yoruba TThhee onlaomgiees attoh aat nt haèn cgresel, aSwta ntduhra oen B i tra b hen lical Devil Devil, did not alwaysab d te llDeedv iai,g given these descriptivh ecaa vrnena etmh t aasin usst eGdo idn. tThhè Holè eeo s n babeme kceansuo (swIenn sh ibgehy st t, Bi t ha1è by l neS accmrliepeat urSlaryet assn hr,o etwfheèsr haginev de nwr eainss i tshtaèn sccer to n9d8s8 :i8n6 o6p).p Hoesi twioans 1988 iptu two, p:8o6r6tr-aa8 y8sp7 eS)r.a fTteahcnt rG eoa dbn.u dtT ihtr eiis g nheatvemiodeue nsh t etc hrhaeata dtbu erbfeoe rfoeor bfe e Gcisoo mdn oint( gIcn Slseaiatgarhnlty,, blhieeesali veaenf ntdh asaont udhr eco enis o a s ep accounefa a as appe rltl hier.v itiB lc.u rBte ea att ruoirnf etg.h bHè bookof Job, chapters one and rebelling against God and laaftfoetre his e efr oeisrb eed lGelisoocdnr,,i btthheuedsr aess uw tpahpsèo nrfoati tnehgve irlt hionèf a1n9g8e8l:s8, 6tÈ6hs)èù. , btihrèth Y oofr uebvail cionuton ret rsh oèhm ew ei onodthuecer ds pAirdita mcr eaantdu reÈsv ec ailnletdo hdaesv ibliesehn i ne terpart rolfd thwèa sG rheeerka lgdoedd, H(Ienrsmigehst,, Yacoso nr'uStrabataai ynb ’,et tqbhueèah taEevvdii olt uoO rnS aaent, adtnh a èicn ta itohèoli evtheè OYlóodruùbmaa rbèe ltioeu f ntb h . oJBoihbnlical narratives as completely evil, hence thè sayings: eo f rt h soèof u s aorlcnl e e( 1voi9lf.6 eJ0ov: hil2n. 8sG)o ernne'sefe rnrasol lttyioo, nÈsù architect of both good atnh idès Ubi tire la da'Ié ayé (thè earth is created UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY pfaogala 'T llmoinw-soeti dl o. wnAehc'cislo hee Dneveiim': yH.e rmInes aondr Èd§eù rin Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditionaì... — 97 pours thè palmer dhien gh taot eYso rpuablma -ok retaori n tedrloa dotiihtli iosn, , aÈ srùi t ulToahvl ems edprotection for [àditi). e su trphipnolkdiai nnigst esfoanoyedsm: a'yÈn sdisù I, mdthaeirns hi-siom ipl saoen thè emblem of Èsù and plea for favour and though he is aewt inoaonrtee g lmilvf -aekn iedtr tnhoe iysl oofuailm,, bIi ulaytm. sT oah-we anan,r deh- e ts htoaa kes thè àditi and thè palm-kernel oil odtn]h athhta èist e idmse bnmloeatmn yd oaeunddr tfahosaoktds .I’È Agsùinv dte t( tthihtè ist no i asym noeou t o eyfv otehunèr thimhiammt setehdlfèi a (tsIeudlpowu, 1996: 82]. It is believed that È o st ùhg oew raeon uhdle da vpreoenuagrcest backfires,H hee y p dtlheiacènl atrr iethusa:asl tios ocabrsreirevde ocuetr. taHionw perveecra, uItdioonwsu i ne xcpalsaein ist herer ah(ntahdsè . m Tshuaedprepe l isaaunrretes t)tw hmoaust not go to sleep until tbÈhysaù at r ecHeteur tramnisnu fssrtio gpmnr. ehIpitsa irsee t w aÈa sy'ùtsi p ho'a fsr me caaodkmyi npfgole rst euwdreh h eoinsf safrunepdep rtoeosc igeniigvv eed thh hièsi s 'tip' th rrand. This he will know protected himsaeetntlfee nmtaiygo wanth hteoen aaÈnss ytù has returned propitiatory remedy w ahiinisc shts trmtohan hthgèie nsrug paepnlsldiea . nhBta uisst swloinrwaceteh tohèf Ècsuùd ginetl o offa è suppliant’s why vÈosuùr rtaoiwseadr dyms cuhhsiamt n.ng eoT th tehbneè, wtfrhuielilr tel reed unused, ntshosèw supplian Èts ùh aws ilsl ernett uhrinm too udte mona nda sthuibss tfhiotaurpe p ushrbsoeuit, and that means that thè blow tipoennainu gldealt atry d v iacantnidmt ic pi-pr aethim. Th a pefao rwtehl è oaprnr e o absupplian an caacbneiiplmittayab i loe tf - UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY witnhi attthh tègho èoa wbds a T oernnldd he e Dveivli)i': Hermc ei s ocfr e. taThthèe ed ens aontdi Èsù in Ancient Cro itnh eproa.n irW o ofif td hou patplhism eek and Yoruba Traditìonal... - 99 Yoruba traditional belief, Èsù is not cooissni tc eoosfn agcnoedopd to nand evil here is evil. Ma ceived as oetfh cèda unsaonluoisrtm cee,x iiosntf ttÈhhsèèù ncisao tntuhcr ney o fY Èosrùu;b sao msceh oalragruse hina vseu pdpifofertr eonf tJ oohpnisnoionn’s cnoonticoenr nthinagt thè notioeènp sota.f m eOqegu uaanstt ioSnalgat -aÈLnsaù gi nwu ditthah è [BB2i0bib1llie3ca,: 9lw 3Dh-e9ilv4ei] i, o hathrgeurse sa riBefore Christianity and Islam arer iavsesde rt gnsu : oe papgoasininsgt Y Tafos o hr ra uu sOd bliavliannd, ity , Èwshùo w masu wst obres hpirpoppeedr lbyy p trhoèp piteiaotpeildne TYriohtureua lbusa ó nt,h dùm i vwèe hrwse aotrahlr ès htoi and wioetryrs pi n be athisi oAdf Èps furdei sc pùae oaisrc eui with humanity. through all divinities imrteouc sttteh dè nn itbvheeèlr isedafil a sapmoorang inspection by Èsù who is thèp atops se Oaló d tcharsonaùrgmi tti e ac arslèl. whcheaarvgeen , oefv reintu dailvsi naintdie sw aorres hafirpa. idA so ft hÈès ùb aasil ihfef o iai insf sCpherlboef actc l-trusted by aisemt, ieat nahifètfy e hè cc atoennddv be OrIslsólaadtmiùom ni anrotèon. . . YÈWosrùiut h advent of Devii y these religions' bccaoh narcneeglpiegtdiioo. unIsst ttmhemèis ipdtes is D peaevgoipian a ip inolesro t f a Stnhhdaè yGo l tseada n aldv . aTto ntification of sf ot ioh ntehm èp Christians, thè further strength r m iaaan of God. He Bible into thè Yoernuebda lbtahynè g thuDèa getveri.a i nÈssw sntkirtiahny d .a ÈgsaùTi nhsiest thè equivalent of thè Devii and Sataùlna .t.i.sio tna koefn t haès UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY F100 — RALL: Research in African Languages and Linguistìcs Voi. 15,2016 tYC r hoh o èrr muisbt iat Biba h lenb è ,i rwtoy aubovei taghnh dÈt ta , rbOsù aoon gufs u ttl nt h atèthi o o la-L Yè nom ro aguda uisfb itadh.eèn Btiifb bìcleeal tiefirovonem so Eft hSnaagttl aistnhh, èl aandgvueangte toof trheoasu Idowu (1996:81], on thè other hand, argues t htèh aDte veivi eonf bhaneet ocwta ognnhn htohete bhreea sci sab laelened nu tn"hpmèr ieDsdteaovkmiia ibinnlae tn hetèlley mN aeeswsnot T coieafs tetevadim"l eiwnn itÈt hss eùen vfsoielr . twPhiuhntig cishn, einle om heeenernt owÈfa'seyùv, ilIdowther divinitai'en tsdh" e u artnhe dè tiries to jsu dienv Èils bring out a conceptual difference The most thatx tawpeo ùisn ec a tÈnhs èùb 'esB fniobaultenu, dre ca laalssiom f otiolnlo gsw ot:mhaet d"ewgrheaet pemveiirsdsceohnnice ef-csmo orafrk our orai tracadni ga uncontrolled uipnmtge aday s bhfyiin sd p 'oh tiwoonsabedb sther from thè throwing his weight about inr i y is that hes'tw,i chj uicsrhte liass stahe ea kmnes ca in sy geomlolbodoundse isms we(nIaty so. f eHviel stiasn dinnogt in u tnohspèy pmopspieatrtiohsonent itacol, oeHqtehureaert, eIsdd oihvwiimnui ttwireiiseth,s ttoh èj duo bs wtifuy, t1h9è9 6el:e8m1)e.iblical devii asn ttsh oosfe e vtihl ant actaunr eb oe f Èsù that sddiiedvinities with suc found in notmeio oonnf; s G’i to (daInp, spriaegtahhrtes, r bh tu hete vyigl oanrianetg uv rieebw ya eredth naèso trb eciblical standard, other Awolalu (1979:28 Voi. 1; 1988:6 boenlssi daenrde da rteo cbaell eodn 'tthhèè Devii is portrayed )inA, Èwthsoùèl aBilsui bn lieos ta inno dut 1tar)ni. gdIhedowu is not alone on this Èsù is neither thè 'de vQiu tm e vwili tihn thhimè .s eAncsceo rtdhiantg t htoè Tcohnec e'dpetv inl'o ro rt h'èsh 'asihtaanit'a nin' olt' r 'aonf . Htheè d eCchlarriests:hf èt htèw oM ureslliimgio nfasii tahins. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Yeomout ‘rTrbui he Dev obgdahi tm iei': Hermesbevenillti, ebof.uf.. t a ntdh È$ù inevÈilsi sùs tias Anncoienisd it n nn t Greek gsoo wi atnhd YÈosruùb ai nTr atdhitèio nal... -101 Both Idogwouo danneds sA (wAwoloallaul uu, s1e9 7t9h:è2 8a)c. ti n tohpèp opsietriosnon taol tcShhaètaa ppnte.e rTrmso i 1sI daonwdu 2e stpoe dcieaflelyn,d S athtaenir cto count of thè book of Job Jtoagbg'se dfa ietvhiflus. ilAonsne s fosa rfw Gaisot hdI d. cSoaiwlnaucme ii stSo acutoasn nac few huoughts cflialcdst i ponenor,t m Sdaio ott neacdne yrbtnyhi ing Èsù tan hereGn cgoa dwn tniotoh a tto e nusdtt wpeill of hi be is nrmoti sosDuioto sn orpi gao wfn G. oHde ( Iids onwout , i1n9d6ep6:e2n4d)e. rnnte bdu, t" Saacttasn has no absolute Dopamu, mu does not agree w with thè express Èsù as SatEasnùh atin se dSv aiclt oaonnrc. ltHuhdeae td sÈe tsfhùean itds sc i t deot hn Ic "fìgment of their imagination” but: chlèa ducorhwrinroei u g nc etal nyod fg toAhowèd om alainsldus i obthnaadat.r yÈF sooù Èsù as Satan is not thèrf tathos èsio dcefinaatctietfudya hwl iimtbh aw sEiistshù Smoafat adnteh èit mevoil tYcoomrupbaat ibMleu wsliitmhs t hièd d re r enevtiifiy. , I naÈ ntshdùè rsweanimtdhee ee ra n sdiote nmnacobierlees vIebilnis, thoèr aWconindthn D ethis s, hDaiotapna m(Duo bpeamu, 2000: 40). Satan. ceAtveibid i mowfb ittohhlè a È Bs(iù2b,0l e0th leierev ei and thè missio . For D ss ontphoaa mpt ouwi,n ititth d isits hstèaa nfegc aitnmgu ht imof fervoiml tShaintagns devii. He is of thnèa orpieins'i o6nn: o t4thi9oa-nt5: 0o)f dcoisnangerecetisn gt oÈtas oùl l yewq wuitaihtth eS ÈaDstoaùpn wa mtihthuè nÈneesùuit thirsea rali tnyge ouoatndrad l netolherèm befanadct t.i. .n. tthhBaèet csaehunes see i st ohfan te Èihtsehù e'isrs UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 102 -R A L Lb:e Rneseevarochle inn Atf rincaonr L amngaulaegveso alnedn Ltin, guhisetì ciss V oi. 1an reg 5,a2r0d16ed as YYHooerr believes otrhisaat. Samuel Aj thatuu bbinaa . ttIhrnèa dapigtrriooecenemaslse nnota fmw teritsah n it anhy iish iCvs ireotwrwa,t nhFselaar intentionally adopted wcaosrudaslt iwese rise Èesiùth. eHre t draenclsacrreisbs:eladt ionrg trt tio ahnès lBitilebdrlae n ( i2no0tf thè Bible into ated oa1 n0Yd:2o 7rou)n besa uo, gfsg soeumscthes Orcernoseps sercogteaoddd s g, awtÈeaskùse ,e pptearticularly retained in thè Biblherè t aos c hhSeiaeafv, ent,h t uèhnlucky, thè pmoewaner t haèr eb ifbalric adli fSfaetraenn t-. Athstea inEr. s hùÈo s ùè rkceiabnneg l noefw vthaeèsr saBunibfdfle edr aeamdn dai ngse ptdrh,e èda deps rwtoricoteh m % s go etl ainndtos atnhdè BÈseùin (gF aisl dlau,c 2k0ie1r0 :t2h7a)ny. e sChHd, i swf roiisrtethiva enhrii.ts y T,nh taehm èS euo plsdro eiÈsù subordinate officmleerde, m5H2ea)re, Falda Satal iangg,n roeende stb tyh ea iqts u Èoastùfi ntfgihSatan's sta g èhh itmos pa wignaiitiohnn st th thèh uaBmti batlhnicèiat ileY Ssoa ratuannbd.a n DoÈotsp aùag mahiuan ss( t2b 0Ge0oe0dn:, asdacecmvroeet teioaesns .s È hrsèkù o otophfpe ort shhiètai noYdno, rtfoiug bhGts against God and humanities. With cosmos. HenFwcaehl,di hcahe Sbtaeallttieeesrv:eeds thh aaou t d mt r ,È acsdoùint iciosen paat lu varilceltylii,mg ihe an knowledge o onof c af teh n rvea notol uta alittyt biote rn aaa tchrtèys nd Ai lmlenad l d religions ovigeeermns eonuctsas n o ne rasep.s ppNeoeanwrd potrnoo phcthehtaèsn gcan be born; newa en influence thè interpretation os fc , de nincluding id religious reeea; lsi gnioceauwns UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 104 - RALWL: Rhesearchgthoedyes n ch rativh inèA frican Laede bocrowd nsgu asgaes and Linguistics Voi. 15,2016 down to us!”eu cAto nimnd e tth hlèiek yLe wy hc uawmohnaainat ns P alaanundlg huhad Zeus, but Paul Hermes , sstianrctee d age: heca wlliansg t aBavkaeirn dc"ooTmnheee, algetaa rdtlha. ènA dnesdn tttrhoaè n tcpheriest of Z nga bthaès sacrifìces with tèh oè fgc atrhtoeèws c eiautnys,d, w bwrhooausngeth ettde mbutpolil es o waffnaedsr atTrnhadics e pBde ibtroslical re ds. wSahtile Èsù osharan. Thi,s n oadnli e i tftfy f ehse r èra oen nmdc ueec vnhio dwwein tdthel ypÈicts Hermes, who has earlier been one ask inogth aecrc hoaunndts, h sdaùisf, fbetoer eebnnet iodfrfeo nam tbi feìtehndèe vaBosil betnhliètc a iBld ieSbnalittciatanyl athè Bibl and narrative perspectives make sruensbdpm oHintessr e itch awèl iqlSluaetsatnio pnio Are, thè Yorume ssibly one an bda tÈhsèù , stahmè eG reenetkit yH?e rAm elosg aicnadi adso mbeaiinngs. thuant s t hibnèe tathh rnèeo e,C sghoirvcieisn thè dissimilar representati on of Èsù ique personalitotiie-arsen l oigtfhi otehuoeslio reg nryte. istpiTeehsc issti hvoaeur tslidoc lcbeio e -tcrhaeeplritgeuiforoeurdes TCohnisc pluaspieonrseoscpioe-crteilviegrli ohasCih us mriilsatria ntr athiytes o i sn edxaiva imnsoiitnritee sd o tafh mèc oopnmegrp satohrnièsa olGintri eewse of Hermes and Èsù as gods. Both of ilntoh getyhm. èH aperarenm tcehosen oasnnidds e oÈrsef ùdth eèx hainbcitie kitnth hatè n t dh èY oDruevbiai poefo tphleè wbohtohs hea Sveer vthiceei rt hsterye nagreth asn adn dto w wehakonmaeg steshneetsys aaosr fed a Gh risgeuhepker seatm nndue mYGoboredur b ionaf bHeeernm evse satnedd Ewsùit hd op noowte gre nbeyr athteè supreme Go iadvn.i nswerable. They % arguments and wLitiiitlele srm awtauhkroee shb aoovthne UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY ceonmtitmieusTn p ‘The Devii': Herm hiteiea ssb.so nea s ofl ickoe elsy a nd cÈosù in AncienC Creek and Yoruba Traditionaì... - 10 5 tdhifefoelroingyg. Trehper eCshernisttaitaino ntn htoeeofn lttoiho unn tienr ptahritss esosfa y thheoiwr respective as thè Satan of thè Bible wigtiysh hstaihmsè rileaaptrtr eeensnedtnaittnyet d i bn th eèv eCrh riiss ttiahnè alsiulkirgepnnrsei dswi nittgohl ytt hhrèae tce kxooifsn tÈsin sgwù tihtinho uHmgehartnmsy te hsra,e tgw athhrèdo ssd.e e Tspcherirsips otain tahadlèi tYyimo hrauagsbe a b aeÈnesndù tpBheiabrtls ioctanhlaè g dBee ivwbilihe o isr te rctahknèos nlcaso tewndsi etthqh uèH eBenircbmel ee of m rticle therefore much in personality. Therefore, thiss in pwtaopi t is eYhro rerupbreas, eeonsntpa eotcifo iÈansl lùyb aygs i t w vteh hnèè dreelpigicioteuds ine nthtietiier st haeroelo gbieess.t appreciated u npio hqsouitmesl y tÈ hsaaùst tsvhhaèar risoeosuc sisoloy- ARbeifmerbeoncesAdekolalA,a c0, a.K d.0 e(.m 2(0i2c00 6P1)u3. b)Yl. iosÈrhuseùbr asE. cléugltbuàrrea: Ain p Yhiolroùsobpàh sicpairl iatuccaol uanntd. Urk: discours e.( Edited by Toyin Falola. Carolina Academice lig Iriookuos In AnimasafDruounnr, htIia.e m(r1s,9 N8o3r)t. hÒ ÈCsaùr olYinorau. ba God, power, and thè imaginative rìsà Èsù ni ìlu Oyó àti Agbègbè Rè UnpublPisrheessd, AwolaluB, .AJ.. P0roject, DepartmedLiitsecripalt.i unr(ees, University oflf net, Ileo-Iffe . African Languages and AwolaluSL, touJn. dg0my.o afn( R 1976). 1; Relig. e9l7ig9i)o.n i. Ao 2nf1rsi-:c3 a5Jno. utrrnaadli tioofn aNì igreerliiag ioAns soasc iaatnio na cfaodre mthièc Awolalu, J. 0. (1996). Yoruba beliefs and sacrìficial rites. LonAthelua HenriettYa oPrruebsas . beliefs and sacrificiai rites. Brook dloynn:: UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY B10ei6 — RALLBereern, s,U C.E a. (m1 : R9esearcMb.7 ri(0d2)g0. h inAfrican LanguagesandLinguistics Voi. 15,2016 e0" 9UE)sn.h ivuTe,h rthRome (Ed. Soares,e sS it èmy gyPtorhdess soa. nf fda tlee,g"e Yoruba poetry. Cambridge: BremmeRre, Jt.r i(e1v9e9d4 M). aGyr e1e5k, 2R0.Me1li.8)g . n iMone.t aNleibwri Y. ohrtkt dps:/ /omf aentacliiebnrti. wGirkeiedcoet .caonmd EDkoepkaem, uES, .h eCPb.. Aio&. t im(E2ko0e 0Po0up)b. lic : Oxford University Pres araÈ,a stùCio:.A n.s T.h(2e0 1i0n)v.i siGboled , fodiev inoitfi ems aann. d Ijsepbiuri-tOs d se.: Af in an FEapledgaa,, DTO..l r0ic.a n(1 t9r3ad1i)t. ional religious ontudw Maa Innasgtietumtee.nt Sciences, 1.2. p oplo 2g0y9. -A2m18er. ican Journal o f Soc (2001). CuTlthuer em yasntde ryc uosft oYmorsu boaf gNoidgse. riOad. eW Reesmtpoo:r tI, mCo ilael Fal GreFaloollaa,, TTA.. r(b(22 e0n T: o0r woo 11, 3M0)).I. : d Press. ÈATs hùme: oTUuhnteihv gesorwseiteyt eorf Mthiacnh igsaanlt :P Arens sA.frican memoir. Ann Homer. pC(oa1wr9oer, and tMurn9lia7ng)ah. Aanca hdèe mim. I ic a Pgriedns aswitht,i vDeuou rfrhoat boundaries. In Ènmti,e Nrso r(tehd ited bCysa ùTr ooYlyionirnau. bFaa Gloolad., Homer. ( Iliadd.i anTarpanosin li ,s : bHya cSk.e tLt oPmubblaisrhdion, g iCnotmropdauncyti, oInne .by S. Idowu, UIEb.n 2 Btri.v 0 oe 0dr5us)ci. (196ttyi6o TPnhr eea snsOd. dnyossteey ,b yT rRa.Pn sM. aErdtiwn.a rLdo ndMocnC: roJorhien, s wHiothp kinans Idowu, E ). Job - A meditation on thè problem o f sujfering. Idowu, ES.C.B aM.d .an: Daystar Press. Johnson, SB.. ((11 (1999763).) .O Alófrdiùcman 921). The Histoarr t yè r o: a Gdoitdional religion: A definition. London: Lloyd-Jones, H. (2001). Ancienf tt hè iYno Yrourbuabsa. L baegloiefGreek religion. s: . CLMonSg Bmoaonk.shops. Proceedings of thè American Philosophical Society, Voi. 145, No. 4. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Mbiti, J. S. [196The Devii': Hermes and Èsù in Ancient Greek and Yoruba Traditìonal... — 10 7NNiillssssoonn,, MM. . PP. .( 91)9. 7A1fr)i. can religions and philosophy. London: Heinemann.The Minoan-Mycenaean religion and itssurvival in GPerenenks yr el(vl1iag9ni7oi8an ).P .NOguntola-Laguda, D. ( r2Ge esw York: Biblo and Tannen.0r1se.3ek). folk religion. Philadelphia(REedliigteiodn . by Toy Èsù, determinism, and e : vUil niinve rYsoitryu boaf North CarIonl iÈnsaù. Yoruba God, power, and thè imaginative frontiers OOlnoawyeomlad,i ,i CsF.s . Ae(r.2 t0(a11ti90o8)n.3 , )D. aTlh ine YFoarloulbaa. tCraardoiltiinoan aAl craedligemic Press, Durham, Neat Print las Theological Seminary. ion: A critique. Th.D. Parrind ParaPlulebllsi coaft iaonncsi:e Ankt rGorpeoekn ga-nAdk Aufarpiceamn,/ GYhoarunba.a gods. WPeamtcbhetr etAorr,n tGe, .JV .(1ower B o(ii1 968). b. 9l4e7, 17a.) A. frica's Thnd" ETsrhauc-tE Sle rgebea R: eTlihgeiooc Y ns. London: Sheldon Press. WatchtoVwoei.r 2 B. Nibelew aYnodr kT. ract Sociieettyy.. ((210918 o8r)u. ba trickster God." African 3). Insight on thè Scriptures. New York. New worìd translation of thè Hoìy Scriptures. UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY