*
15th - Thursday 19th March, 2015
NAPRI/Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria
Edited by: I. A. Adeyinka, M. Kabir, S.B. Abdu, G. I. Erakpotobor,
M.R. Hassan and A. O. lyiola-Tunji
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19tli March, 2(TJ5, NAPRl/ABU, Zaria
NIGERIAN SOCIETY FOR ANIMAL PRODCUTION
PROCEEDINGS OF THE 40™ ANNUAL CONFERENCE
EDITED BY
ADEYINKA I.A., KABIR M., ABDU S.B., ERAKPOTOBOR G.I., 
HASSAN M.R. AND IYIOLA-TUNJI A.O.
NATIONAL ANIMAL PRODUCTION RESEARCH 
INSTITUTE/AHMADU BELLO UNIVERSITY, 
ZARIA, NIGERIA
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Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-I9th March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria
ISBN 1596-5570
The Proceedings of the Annual conference bf the Nigeria Society for Animal Production 
presents papers on research works relevant to animal production. Views expressed in the 
proceedings are not necessarily those o f NSAP or the host institution.
Copyright@2015. Nigerian Society for Animal Production (NSAP)
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6. Welfare Sub-Committee
Chairman - Prof. (Mrs.) A. A. Sekqni
Secretary - Dr. (Mrs.) N. P. Chiezey
Members: - Dr (Mrs) M. Otu
Mrs. E.O. Ubani 
MrsJB.O. Okaiyeto 
Mr. S.B. Madaki 
Mr. M.B. Ahmed 
Mr. I. Olowookere 
Mr. J. Luka 
Dr. K. Ojo
Dr. Mrs. M. Afolayan
SESSION ONE
ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
S/No Title of Article Author (s) Pages
ABG01 Body mass index (BMI) and production M. Kabir, H. Habred and I. M. Chana 1-4
performance of two strains of unselected 
breeder turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) in Zaria, 
Nigeria
ABG02 Estimates of repeatability of litter sizes at birth Fayeye, T. R. and Omolosho, P. 0 . 5-7
and weaning in traditionally-managed red 
Sokoto goats
ABG03 Semen characteristics of three genotype of Isidahomen, C.E. 8-10
indigenous cocks in the humid environment of 
Nigeria
ABG04 On-farm performance characterization of M. Abdulrahman, W. A. Hassan, I.M. 11-13
ecotypes of the domestic turkey (Meleagris Umar, and M. Hussaini
gallopavo) in Sokoto state
ABG05 effect of sex on some linear body P. 0 . Akporhuarho and Okpara . 0 . 14-16
measurements in west african dwarf goats 
reared under semi-intensive management 
system in a tropical environment
ABG06 Multivariate analysis of sexual maturity 0 . M. A. Jesuyon 17-19
characteristics of cockerels of bovan nera and 
isa brown parent stock strains in Ibadan Nigeria t
ABG07 Genetic parameter estimates for eight week Adejoh-ubani, E.O, Nwagu, B.I., 20-23
body weight in a foundation stock of male line Adeyinka, I.A., Orunmuyi, M.O. 
broiler chickens Abeke, F.O, Sekoni, A.A, Otu, M.O 
and Akinsola, O.M
ABG08 Effect of genotype and sex on pre-weaning Adeoye. A.A, Udoh J.E, Ikeobi, 24-27
body C.N.O, Abiola, S.S and Adebambo, 
weight and carcass traits of pigs O.A
ABG09 Relationship between serum alkaline Badmus K.A., Adeyinka I.A., Kabir 28-31
phosphatase and meat quality traits in male and M., Alabi 1.1., Muhammad H. and 
female broiler lines in shika, Nigeria. Adeleke R.A
ABG10 Comparison of proximate composition, internal M. Kabir, U.K. Nkeonye, H.Y. 32-35
and external qualities of eggs from four species Adamu, U.A. Umar And K.A. 
1__ of poultry marketed in samaru zaria, Nigeria Badmus
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ABG11 The use of egg measurement for D.S. Gwaza, N.I. Dim and O.M. 36-38
characterization between local chicken Momoh
populations
ABG12 Effect of season on haematological parameters Iyiola-tunji, A.O, Akpa, G.N, Nwagu, 39-41
of lambs B.I, Adeyinka, I.A, Ojo, O.A. and 
Buba, W.
ABG13 Investigation of some morphometric, A.A. Musa, A.M. Okpanachi, A.K. 42-45
haematological and biochemical markers for Olutunmogun, I.I. Adedibu and A. 
body weight improvement in marshall strain of Oyibo
broilers
ABG14 Estimation of live body weight from chest girth M. Hussaini, J. O. Ayo, M. 46-49
measurement and body condition scores in Abdulrahman, M, A. Ibrahim, Z. M. 
savannah brown goats in Zaria Wunti, I. M. Umar, M. D. Salisu, R. 
Hassan, M. Abdullahi
ABG15 Association between some blood biochemical D. M. Ogah and G. T. Ogungbemiro 50-52
variants with productivity performance in west 
African dwarf goat
ABG16 Microsatellite analysis of west-african dwarf Ojo, O.A., Akpa, G. N., Orunmuyi, 53-55
goats in Nigeria: a preliminary investigation M., Adeyinka I.A. Kabir, M.
ABG17 Haemoglobin polymorphism, inbreeding Olorunfemi, S.V., Okekwu, B., 56-59
coefficient and degree of heterozygosity of Okala, Z.S., Olaniyan, O., Egena, 
selected animals in Kogi state university S.S.A., Audu, M„ Amana, G.U., 
livestock farm Oyibo, A., Dikko, A.H. and Abalaka, 
E.O
ABGI8 Repeatability and heritability estimates of five Olupitan E.O., Chineke C.A. and 60-63
rabbit genotypes at various ages Ajao B.H.
ABG19 Correlation coefficient on internal egg quality Sule, H.A., Usman, M.I., Baffa, A., 64-67
parameters in japanse quails (coturnix cotumix and Salim, A
japonica) fed two commercial diets in north 
east Nigeria
ABG20 Effect of age and body weight on conformation Suleiman I.O., Babangida I. and 68-70
traits in kano brown does at small holder Dankoli Z.A
system.
ABG21 Relationship among live weight and linear A.M. Umar, A. Mohammed, M.S. 71-74
dimensions of yankasa sheep in Hadejia Tamburawa, S.L. Ibrahim, L. A. 
livestock market. Jigawa state Kazaure, S.H. Adamu, Y. 
Muhammad, L.A.Jinadu and 
M.G. Hadejia
ABG22 Effect of some intrinsic factors on gestation Zanna., M and Alphonsus C 75-77
length, birth weight and milk yield of friesian x 
bunaji cows
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SESSION TWO
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
S/No Title of article Author (s) i pages
APhOl Effects of melatonin administration on the A. A. Abimbola, V. 0 . Sinkalu, J. 0 . 78-80
physical properties of egg shell and intertial egg Ayo and M. Orunmuyi
quality in laying hens during the hot-dry season
APh02 Effect of ascorbic acid on erythrocyte osmotic T. Aluwong, J. 0 . Ayo, 0 . Abejide 81-84
fragility of yankasa sheep subjected to 12-hour 
feed and water deprivation during the hot-dry
season
APh03 Effects of melatonin administration on mortality J. O. Ayo and V. 0 . Sinkalu 85-87
and economics of broiler chickens exposed to 
continuous lighting and heat stress
APh04 A morphological observation of the tongue of an A. Bello; J. E. Onu; M. A. Umaru; 88-91
adult quwa local domestic duck (Anas M.I. Jimoh; 0 . Olusola
platyrhynchos domestica)
APh05 Effects of pyridoxine on motility, in vitro J.O. Daramola, E.O. Adekunle, O.E. 92-94
capacitation and in vitro acrosome reaction of Oke, T.J. Williams, O.S. Iyasere, I. J. 
goat buck spermatozoa James, I.K. Oyewusi, J.A. Oyewusi
during cryopreservation
APh06 Diurnal, seasonal and sex influences on heart T. Dzenda, J. 0 . Ayo, C. A. M. 95-98
rates of African giant rats (Cricetomys Lakpini and A. B. Adelaiye
gambianus, Waterhouse) in the northern guinea 
savannah zone of Nigeria
APh07 Effects of short-term physical restraint on rectal T. Dzenda and f. M. Per 99-101
temperature and respiratory rate of the African 
giant rat (Cricetomys gambianus, Waterhouse) 
in Zaria
APh08 Daily thermoregulatory response of four breeds Ewuola, E.O., Olorunnisomo, 0 . 0  102-105
of non-pregnant cows in Ibadan, Nigeria and Oyeniyi, F. G
APh09 Ameliorative potentials of vitamin e against the O. A. Adu and F. A. Gbore 106-109
impacts of dietary fumonisin b] on growth 
performance of female rabbits
APhlO Effect of 1-carnosine on diurnal variations in Yaqub, L.S., Ayo, J.O., Kawu, M.U., 110-112
physiological parameters of mid-gestation Rekwot, P.I., Dzenda, T.. Habibu. B. 
yankasa ewes during the hot-dry season and Atlanta, I.F.
APh 1 1 Relationship between body measurements and A.M. Hassan, G.T. iyegheerakpotobor 113-117
semen characteristics in Kano brown bucks fed and G.N. Akpa
groundnut haulms supplement
APhl2 Semen characteristics and sperm abnormalities E. Jatto, B.O. Omontese, A.B. 118.120
of exotic and indigenous rabbits in the sub- Adewuyi, M. Shinkut, B. Egbodo, 
humid tropics of northern Nigeria W.O. Echekwu, J.S. Rwuaan and P.I. 
Rekwot
APhl3 Protective effect of resveratrol co­ A. Jimoh., Y. Tanko, A. Ahmed., A. 121-123
administration with cholesterol diet on body Mohammed., J. O. Ayo
weight and malondialdehyde concentration in 
rabbits
APh 14 Influence of season on serum profiles of some Kawu, M.U., Lakpini, C.A.M., Ayo, 124-127
nutritional metabolites during the oestrus cycle J.O., Fatihu, M.Y., Yaqub, L.S.,
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in savannah brown goats Habibu, B., Abdullahi, A., Shittu, M., 
Aluwong, T. and Ambali, S.F
APhl5 On-board thermal load and the effects of a- N.S. Minka and J.O. Ayo 128-131
tocopherol and ascorbic acid on colonic /
temperature of transported quails (Coturnix 
cotumix japonica)
APhl6 The use of enthalpy comfort index for N.S. Minka and J.O. Ayo 132-135
assessment of on-board thermal micro­
conditions during transportation of pullets
APhl7 Oral supplemental vitamin c and three Ogunwole, O. A 136-139
electrolytes effect on carcass characteristics, 
calcium and phosphorous composition in meat 
and bone of broiler chicken
APhl8 Hematology and serum electrolytes of weaned Okin, H.O, Adeloye, A.A., Akinsola, 140-143
dairy calves raised in the derived savanna eco- O.M., Jimoh, O.A and Jinadu, L.A
zone of Nigeria
APhl9 Modulatory effect of ascorbic acid on heart rate F. Olaifa, J. 0 . Ayo, S. F. Ambali and 144-147
responses of donkeys to packing during the P. I. Rekwot
harmattan season
APh20 Optimization of induced ovulation and W.a. Olaniyi1* and o. G. Omitogun 148-152
spawning of African clariid catfish, 
heterobranchus bidorsalis (Geoffroy-saint- 
Hilaire, 1809) using synthetic hormone
APh21 Preliminary studies invalidate automated V. 0 . Sinkalu and j. O. Ayo 153-155
haemo-analyzer results of avian blood
APh22 Effect of season changes on haematologic B. Habibu, M.U. Kawu, H.J. Makun, 156-159
parameters and erythrocyte osmotic fragility of F. Ibrahim, L.S. Yaqub and A. 
sahel bucks in a tropical savannah Abdullahi
SESSION THREE 
ANIMAL HEALTHAND DISEASES
S/No Title of Article Author (s) Pages
AHD01 A study of common quail lice infestation in Adamu, Y.A., Alayande. M. O., 160-162
Sokoto metropolis Bello, A.. Onu, J. E., Umaru, M. A.. 
Sadiq, Y. A.
AHD02 The use of embryonated chicken eggs with J. Adamu and s. S. Abah 163-166
maternal antibody to newcastle disease virus 
for the production of la sota strain viral antigen
AHD03 Double-headed foetal monster associated with A. Yusuf, B.O. Omontese, A.A. 167-169
dystocia in a yankasa ewe -  A case report Gamawa, J. Mohammed, l.J. Waziri 
and P.I. Rekwot
AHD04 Evidence of Brucella antibodies in milk of H.U. Buhari, S.N.A. Saidu, G. 170-172
cows in the north senatorial district of Kaduna Mohammed and M.A. Raji
state, Nigeria
AHD05 Concurrent infections of ehrlichiosis and A. M. Ehimiyein, S. W. Audu, I. O. 173-174
babesiosis in a 4-month-old Alsatian cross dog Ehimiyein
AHD06 A suspected case of “lumpy jaw” in a 5 year Gumel, M.A., Aliyu, H. and 175-177
old Bunaji-Simmental cross bull Abunabo, M.M
AHD07 Dry season survey on abundance and Gumel, M.A., Inuwa, S., Qadeer, m.a. 178-180
distribution of ixodid ticks in cattle in auyo and Abdurrahman, S.L
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local government area of Jigawa State, Nigeria
AHD08 Parturient paresis (milk fever): a potential Okin, H.O and Daudu, O.M 181-183
threat to successful milk production-a review
AHD09 Relevance of Amblyomma variegatum Y.h. Owolabi, I.J. James and 184-186
infestation in the prevalence of bovine K.H. Yusuf
dermatophilosis.
AHD10 Comparative sensitivity of faecal*and bile Yusuf, K.H., Ajanusi, O.J., Aluko, 187-189
samples in the diagnosis of liver fluke infection O.M., Jatau, I.D. and Owolabi, Y.H
in sheep and goats in Zaria, Nigeria
AHD11 Studies on the curative and prophylactic G.M. Aminu, S.O.Okaiyeto and I.A 190-193
concentrations of isometamidium chloride in Lawal
the treatment of experimental Trypanosoma 
congolense infection in red Sokoto bucks
SESSION FOUR
ANIMAL PRODUCTS AND PROCESSING
S/No Title of Article Author (s) Pages
APP01 Chilling at different time intervals; the Apata, E.S. Eniolorunda, 194-196
influence on physicochemical characteristics of 0.0,Kokum o, O.E and Apata, O.C
beef
APP02 Microbial assessment of bulk milk before and F.A. Audu, k.m. Lawan, T.K. Bello, 197-198
after pasteurization in commercial and B.B. Oyelowo F.U. Samuel, F.S. 
sedentary fulani farms in Sabon Gari Local Maikaji, R. Hassan, B.E. Egbodo, 
Government area, Zaria Kaduna state M.D. Salisu
APP03 Appraisal of abattoir operations, waste T.K. Bello, B.B. Oyelowo, N.P. 199-201
generation and management at lafenwa abbatoir Chiezey, F.U. Samuel, A.B. 
Adewuyi, F.S. Maikaji, R. Hassan, 
B.E. Egbodo, M.A. Ibrahim, N.H. 
Moru
APP04 Antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of M. H. Haruna, 0 . 0 . Olusola, T. S. 202-204
African nutmeg, pepper and black pepper Olugbemi
extract on the quality and shelf-life of chicken 
nuggets
APP05 Effect of cooking methods on palatability traits Okoh, P.I.. Ehebha, E.T.E. and 205-207
and chemical composition of broiler meat Obasoyo. D.O
APP06 A survey on acceptability of goat’s milk in Oladepo, 0 .. Amao O.A. Adams, 208-210
ogbomoso and its environs T.O., Adebisi. I.A.FatoIa. O.S.G. 
and Mustapha, T.B.
APP07 Effect of two cooking methods and temperature Olusola, 0 .0 , Oshibanjo D.O, 211-214
on oxidation and microbiological properties of Oladipupo, C.O and Aremu, R.O
breakfast sausage
APP08 Effect of soiling length on the physico­ M. I. Ribah, J. Oladosu, M. A. 215-218
chemical qualities of backyard poultry table Muftau, Y.D.R. Anlade and S. Bello
eggs
APP09 Microbiological quality assessment of M.D. Salisu, A.U. Junaidu 219-222
commercially prepared yoghurt retailed in 
Sokoto state, northwestern Nigeria
APP10 Consumer preference for yoghurt attributes in Alli-balogun, J.K., Jibir, M., 223-226
Kaduna metropolis Shu'aibu, S.A., Salka, N.M. and
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Olugbemi, T.S »„
APP11 Efficacy of water and lactic acid as wash K. A. Sanwo, J. O. Olayemi, s. O. 227-229
solution in preventing recontamination in Iposu, A.O Atayese, B.O. Shittan and 
refrigerated chicken carcass J.A. Adegbite
SESSION FIVE
LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS AND EXTENSION
S/No Title of Article Author (s) Pages
LEE01 Economic impact of processing pregnant Duru, S., B.R. Gandi, G.Y. Benjamin 230-232
animals under Zaria condition and R.B. Sijuola
LEE02 Information seeking behaviour of poultry C.C. Ezeh and A. Nalado and O.H. 233-236
farmers in Zaria and environs EZeh
LEE03 Non-governmental organizations (NGOS) in Igene, C.A 237-239
Edo state: implications for agricultural 
extension delivery.
LEE04 Analysis of the publications of the tropical C.E. Okanlawon and S.O. Adewole 240-242
veterinarian 2008 -  2012
LEE05 The channels of supply of smallholder village I.M. Umar., W.A. Hassan., M 243-245
poultry flocks in Sokoto state Abdulrahman., A.U. Umar and M. 
Hussaini
SESSION FIVE
MICROLIVESTOCK PRODUCTION, NU1rRITION AND MANAGEMENT
S/No Title of Article Author (s) Pages
MIC01 Sapronegnia Fungus Species: A Threat to B.T., Adesina, B.O., Omitoyin, O.A., 246-249
sustainable fish production in NIGERIA Adesina, A.O., LADOKUN , F.I., 
Adeosun J.L., Afolayan, A.A., 
Adeyemo, W.C., Iwebema, A., Iga, 
E.O., ONI, and A.O., Adebiyi
MIC02 Physico-Chemical And Organoleptics Adetola, O.O., Popoola,Y.A.,Okere, 250-252
Properties Of Snail fed I.A., Teniola, A.A., Owosibo, O.T. 
sesame (Sesamum itulicitm) seed meal and Omotoso., O.S
MIC03 Comparative study on the growth of body and J. E. Onu, U. I. Ibrahim and A. Bello 253-254
testes of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia 
(tilcipia niloticus) reared in Sokoto metropolis
MIC04 In-vivo determination of no observed adverse V.U Omoja, T.E Ihedioha, P.E Aba, 255-257
effect level and no observed effect level (noael O.A Agina, E.M.E Ngole
and noel) of fipronil in rats using 
haematological indices and liver markers
MIC05 Effect of dietary supplementation of groundnut M. S. Tamburawa, D. Ma’aruf and 258-260
haulm and cowpea haulm on performance and A.M. Hassan
nutreints digestibilty of grower rabbits
MIC06 Haematological and serum biochemical profile o Oyefesi, S. D., Akinmuyisitan, I.W., 261-264
male rabbits fed dietary cerium oxide Adu, O.A
MIC07 The effect of feeding graded levels of cassava T. Ahemen, 1.1. Bitto, O.I.A. Oluremi 265-268
leaf meal on haematology rabbit does in a and F.O.I. Anugwa
southern guinea savanna environment of 
Nigeria.
MIC08 Haematological indices of wistar rats fed H. O. Amusa and O.A. Abu 269-271
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dehulled african yam bean (sphenostylis 7̂ 7
stenocarpa) soaked in acidic and alkaline 
media
MIC09 Effect of different levels of zinc O.C Anakebe-ogbu, U.U Herbert 272-273
supplementation on the growth rate of rabbit and N.O.T Nwankwo
bucks
MICIO Growth response of african catfish {clarion Agbabiaka L.A and R.A. Nwankpa 274-277
gariepinus) fed african star apple kernel diets .
MIC11 Haematological characteristics of african Agbabiaka L.A 278-281
catfish (Claries gariepinus burchel, 1822) fed 
african star apple kernel diets
SESSION SI X
MONOGASTRIC ANIMAL PRODUCTION, > UTRITION AND MANAGEMENT
S/No Title of article Author (s) Pages
MONOl Comparative performance of broiler finisher Onimisi, P.A.; Daspan M.A; Gaji, 282-284
chickens fed two protein sources Z.M
MON02 Performance and nutrient digestibility of R.J. Wafar; L.A. Ademu; J.O. 285-288
weaner rabbits fed diets containing graded Megbuwe; P.E.Ojinnaka and C.U. 
levels of shade-dried Leptadenia hastata leaf Idachaba
meal
MON03 Growth performance of crossbred weaner Udeh, F.U., Ani, A. 0 ., Uzochukwu, 289-293
rabbits fed dehydrated bovine rumen digesta I.E. and Onuora, S.I
MON04 Effect of graded levels of soaked and M. S. Tamburawa, S. 0 . Ogundipe, 294-297
fermented african locust bean seed meal on the T.S.B. Tegbe and T.S. Olugbemi
performance and nutreints digestibilities by 
broiler chickens at starter phase
MON05 The effect of production period on the internal Sule, H.A., Zahraddeen, D., Mancha, 298-300
egg quality traits in japanese quails (Coturnix Y. P. and Usman, M.I
coturnix japonica) fed two commercial broiler 
deits
MON06 Nutritive value and economic benefit of boiled Shaahu, D.T.. Tuleun, C.D.. Gbue, 301-304
velvet beans (Mncuna util is) in rabbits diet F.H. and Shittu. H.A
MON07 Haematological indices of broiler chickens fed M.O Raji, Ogunjimi J.T, Akinosun 305-307
graded levels of toasted african yam bean A.A, Oladepo, Oloko. A.B and 
(Sphenostylis stenocarpa) seeds meal Ogunbode A.A
supplemented with enzyme
MON08 Effect of raw. fermented and hot water treated P.O. Ozung, 0 .0 . K. Oko and E. A. 308-311
cocoa pod husk meal based diets on the Agiang
reproductive tract morphometry of rabbit bucks
MON09 The pigeon pea (Cajanus cajctn (1.) Millsp), an A. G. Yisa, J. A. Edache, Jabil, I. Y. 312-315
alternative energy and protein source for and 0 . D. Olaiya
poultry feeding
MONIO Evaluation of varying levels of sesame seed Omole, A.J., Obi, O.O., Adetola, 316-318
meal (Sesamum indicum) O.O., Teniola, A.A. Owosibo, o.t
In the diet of weaned rabbits
MON 11 Effect of black tea extract on the growth Muftau M.A., A.O, Suleiman, H. M, 319-321
parameters of broiler chickens Yahaya., Y.D. R, Anlade, and D. Y, 
Dalhatu
MON 12 Haematological parameters of broiler birds fed 0 . Olukotun; V.O. Morgan; B.F. 322-325
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graded levels of moringa (Moringa oleifera) Ishola and O.D. Odidi
leaf meal
MON13 Effect of feeding whole or ground pearl millet M. N. Sabo, S. Duru and S. B. 326-329
(Vennisetum glaucum) with or without enzyme Afolayan
supplementation on the nutrients’ digestibility 
of japanese quails (Coturnix cotumix japonica)
MON14 Influence of black pepper (Piper nigrum) as E.K. Ndelekwute, H.O. Uzegbu, E.D. 330-332
growth promoter on performance of starter Assam and U.E. Udorok
broiler chicks
MON 15 Comparative effects of dietary Ocimum V.U. Odoemelam, I.C. Unamba- 333-336
gratissimum and antibiotic growth promoter on Opara, C.E. Mbagwu and Ekwe, C.C
growth performance of broiler finishers
MON 16 Haematology and serum profile of broiler Ogunbode A.A., Oluokun R.A, 337-340
starter fed graded levels of roasted pride of Orisaseyi A.O, Adeniyi O.B and 
barbados seedmeal Olowe R.A
MON 17 Response of broiler starter chickens fed Kaura Oladipo M. F; Onimisi P.A and Bawa 341-343
based diets supplemented with enzymes G.S
MON18 Growth response and carcass characteristics of A.F. Agboola, and B.R.O. 344-347
broilers fed heat treated jatropha seed cake- Omidiwura
based diets
MON 19 Effects of feeding varying levels of melon 0 . Olukotun; A. Aremu; I.C. 348-351
(Citrullus vulgaris) seed husks meal Alemede; P.C. Nwachukwu and O.D. 
supplemented with maxigrain® on performance Odidi
of female growing rabbits (Oryctolagus 
cuniculus)
MON20 Performance of growing weaner rabbits fed G.s. Bawa, M.R. Hassan S.B. Abdu 352-355
graded levels of sheep manure based diets and B.I. Tahir
MON21 Effect of graded levels of mango seed kernel I. Abdullahi, C.U. Idachaba, T.S.B. 356-359
(kanbiri) based diets on carcass characteristics Tegbe, L.M. Abbas and K.U. Anoh
of broiler finisher chickens
MON22 Performance of broiler finisher chickens fed I. Abdullahi, C.U. Idachaba, L.M. 360-362
varied levels of local variety (kanbiri) mango Abbas and K.U. Anoh
seed kernel meal as replacement for maize
MON23 Effect of feeding whole millet on the M.L. Abubakar 363-365
performance of egg production of layer, birds
MON24 Performance of japanese quail birds ( Coturnix S. B Afolayan, A, Sekoni, J. O. 366-370
coturnix) fed on whole or ground millet with or Jegede and M, Afolayan
without enzyme inclusion
MON25 Effect of feeding graded levels of cashew nut Bot, M.H., Tiffi, A.B., Olaiya, O.D. 371-374
(Anacardium occidentale) meal to quails and Tok, C.C
(Coturnix coturnix japonica) as a source of 
protein
MON26 Nutrient intake and digestibility of weaner Y. Garba and K.A. Muhammad 375-378
rabbits fed yam peels replacing maize at 
different levels
MON27 Evaluation of eviscerated body characteristics C.U. Idachaba, F.O. Abeke,T.S. 379-382
of broiler finisher chickens fed high fibre diets Olugbemi and I. Abdullahi
supplemented with insoluble grit (granite)
MON28 Effect of antibiotics (tetracycline) inclusion on S.O. Ereke, A.U. Okorie, G.T.I. 383-385
growth performance of broiler starter birds Erakpotobor, J.T. Amodu, F.U. 
Samuel, R. Alao, M. Abdulrahman >
MON29 Nutritional evaluation of differently processed Izukanne, R.O. Esonu, B.O., 386-388
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piper (Canavalia plagiosperma) seedmeal Udedibie, A.B.I and Okeudo, N J
(CPSM) in starter broiler diet
MON30 Effects of different processing methods of Maidala, A., Doma, U.D. and Egbo, 389-392
bambaranut (Vigna subterranean (1.) VERDC) L.M., Mohammed, A. and Kallah, 
on cut parts of broiler chickens D.J.U
M0N31 Nutritional evaluation of graded levels of J.A. Edache, C.D. Tuleun,, A.G. 393-395
cassava peel meal for growing japanes^.quail Yisa, U.R. Muduudtai, E.J. Okpala 
(Cotumix coturnix japonica) and P. D. Dabi
MON32 Morphological and production characteristics N. M Galadima, 1.0 Suleiman, I. 396-398
of helmeted guinea fowl (Numida meleagris) in Tahir and Z.A Dankoli
Nigeria: a review
MON33 Performance and economics of production of O.F. Akinmoladun; G.E. Onibi and 399-402
broiler chicks fed diets with varying energy A.T. Lomuwagun
levels
MON34 Growth performance and cost benefits of O.M. Adeyemi, O.T. Irekhore, O.M. 403-406
feeding growing pigs with cassava peel meal- O. Idowu, O.S. Akinola and K.O. 
based diets supplemented with a commercial Bello
enzyme
MON35 The effects of varying levels of dietary salt on S. 0 . Aro, E. P. Owokotomo and A. 407-410
perforrhance and faecal parameters of late D. Adebayo
production layers
MON36 Responses of weaned rabbits to diets A.S. Muhammad, Y.U. Bappah, L. A. 411-413
containing sun-dried soyabean cheese residue Saulawa, and M. S. Tamburawa
meal
MON37 Growth performance and economic A. A. Malik, A.T. Ijaiya, R.O. 414-417
characteristics of broiler chicken fed diets Popoola, R. 0 . Owolabi, 0 . S. 
containing varying levels of cowpea (Vigna Okedunwon, 0 . M. Olalere and A. F. 
unguiculata) milling waste at the starter phase Malik
MON38 Influence of Moringa oleifera seed meal on Adedibu I.I, Jimoh M.A, Enesha V, 418-420
male japanese quails Akinsola O.M
MON39 Effect of duration of steam-boiled castor bean E.J. Kpanja, J.J. Omage, G.S. Bawa, 421-424
cake on performance of broiler chickens I. Abdullahi and C.U. Idachaba
MON40 Subsequent effect of locust bean pulp fed M. Afolayan., G.S. Bawa.. A.A. 425-427
during the grower phase on the laying Sekoni., F.O. Abeke. and l.A. 
performance of pullet (20-42 weeks) Adeyinka
MON41 Effect of Neem and Moringa leaf meals (used Makanjuola, b. A., oladele-bukola, 428-430
singly and combined) as substitute for m. 0 ., Obi, 0 . 0 ., Sorunke, A. 0 . and 
antibiotics on the performance of broiler 0.1. OMODEWU
chickens
MON42 Water consumption and faecal physical S. O. Aro 431-433
characteristics in cockerels fed dietary 
inclusion levels of fermented cassava tuber 
wastes (FCTW)
MON43 Reproductive performance and husbandry J. I Kperegbeyi and A.M. Orheruata 434-437
practices of indigenous chickens in delta state, 
Nigeria
MON44 Effects of varying calcium/phosphorus ratios S.B. Adamu, G. Mohammed, I.D. 438-440
on the performance of light breed egg-type Mohammed, J.U. Igebuike and U.M. 
chicks in a semi arid environment Kolo
MON45 Effect of dietary maize substitution with sweet S.b. Afolayan, i.i. Dafwang, t.s.b. 441-445
potato meal on performance of layers Tegbe, a.a. Sekoni and j.o.jegede
MON46 Effects of proprietary feeds and dietary O.R. Folorunso, G.E., Onibi, and 446-448
“NSAP-ZARIA 2015” P cige xiii
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Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15- 19t h March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria
---------------------____________________
\ ingredient selection on performance of broiler A.A., bakre
chickens
MON47 Haematological indices, carcass and organ Ani, A. 0 ., Udeh, F. U., uzochukwu, 449-453
characteristics of crossbred weaner rabbits fed and Onuora, S .I.
dehydrated bovine rumen digesta
MON48 Evaluation of broiler chicks fed bitter leaf V. U. Oleforuh-okoleh, S. 0 . 454-456
(Vernonia cimygdalina) aqueous extract • ' Olurunleke, and L.C. Obi
SESSION SEVEN
R UMINANT ANIMAL PRODUCTION, NUTRITION AND MANAGEMENT
S/No Title of article Author (s) Pages
RUM01 Effect of feeding varying levels of jatropha Abdu, S.B., Yusuf, M.R., Hassan, 457-459
(Jatropha curcas) seed cake on the M.R., Adamu, H.Y., Yashim, S.M., 
performance of growing rabbits Abdulrashid, M., Abubakar, M. And 
Jokthan, G.E
RUM02 Effects of seed rate and irrigation frequency on Hassan, M.R., Abdu, S.B., Amodu, 460-463
growth and forage yield of centro (Centrosema J.T., Adamu, H.Y., Abdulrashid, M., 
pascuorum mart. Ex benth) Musa, A., Zainab, A. M., 
Tamburawa, M. S. and Abubakar, S. 
A
RUM03 In- vitro evaluation of 4, 6 and 8 week re­ O.O.Falola., O.Y. Adedeji., A.A. 464-467
growths of vetiver grass (Chrysopogon Saka., A.O. Areegbe and A.F, Adisa
zizanioides l.rohertv). 5
RUM04 Nutrients, anti-nutrients digestibility and A.N. Fajemisin, O.B. Omotoso and 468-471
nitrogen retention by west african dwarf rams T.A. Ayelotan
fed Panicum maximum substituted with 
Gliricidia sepium and Acacia nilotica 
tomentosa
RUM05 Evaluation of forage resources of the zange S.S. Mohammed, I.R. Muhammad, 472-475
grazing reserve M. Baba
RUM06 Nutrient intake and digestibility in west african Fadiyimu, A.A., Fajemisin, A.N. 476-479
dwarf goats fed Persea americana leaves as Folorunso, O.R.. Adeyeye, S.A. and 
supplement to Panicum maximum Sule K
RUM07 Macro-mineral compositions of panicum T. 0 . Muraina., J. A. Alalade., 1. A. 480-482
(Panicum maximum) intercropped with centro Adebisi., C. B. Emiola., A. B. 
(Centroseina pascuorum) and Clitoria ternatea Oloko., T. B
RUM08 Correlation coefficient (/■) 'between cVieimca\ A.A. NynkVa.Y V\. A\-WaWtvAwi & 48,3-48,7
composition and in vitro gas production and Bello
fermentation characteristics of some selected 
ficus species
RUM09 Performance of west African dwarf (wad) goats Oloche, J., Oluremi, 0.1.A. And 488-490
fed gamba grass (Andropogon gayanus) Shaapera, S.S
supplemented with diet containing treated and 
untreated sweet orange (Citrus sinensis) peels
RUM 10 Constraints of camel (Camelus dromedarius) Ghude, M. I., Adamu, S. H. and 491-494
production in northern KATSINA state, nigeria Inuwa, M. S
RUM 11 A survey of seasonal livestock population of S.S. Mohammed, I.R.Muhammad, M. 495-497
zange grazing reserve in gombe state Baba
RUM12 Performance indices of Sokoto gudali cattle fed M.A. Mosobalaje, 0 .0 . Tewe, A.A. 498-500
sawdust as replacement for cassava peels Adedoyin, S. Francis, A.B. Oloko,
NSAP-ZARIA 2015” Page xiv
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Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19th March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria
O.A. Adeniyi, and K.B. Taiwo
RUM 13 Forest tree seeds as alternative feed source for N.J. Ogundun, A.A. Adeloye. M.B; 501-504
livestock Yousuf, and G.T. Imram
RUM14 Nutrient digestiblity and intake of west African Oloche, J., Oluremi, O.I.A and 505-507
dwarf goats fed diet containing different levels Mnguachia, L.J
of sweet orange peels and gamba grass
RUM 15 Nutritional and phytochemical screening of 0 . Olukotun; B.F. Ishola; O.D. Odidi 508-510
melon (Citrullus vulgaris) seed husks and V.O. Morgan
RUM 16 Evaluation of nutritional composition and Olaiya, O., Fajemisin, A.N., 511-514
secondary plant compounds of five plants in Alphonsus, C and Babawale- 
Kabba, Kogi state Olayinka, O.I
RUM 17 Forage yield and quality of warni season Akim Tunde Omokanye 515-518
annual cereal crops in the northern Alberta of 
Canada
RUM 18 Growth performance and linear body O.A. Olafadehan, S.O. Salihu and 519-522
measurement of red Sokoto goats fed G.S. Abubakar
concentrate partially replaced with Piliostigma 
thonningii forage
RUM 19 Locational variations of fibre fractions and 0 . A. Okukenu, A. O. Jolaosho, E. 523-526
mineral composition of grasses from natural Fabusoro, P. A. Dele, B. T. Akinyemi
pasture in south west Nigeria
RUM20 Effects of feeding agro-industrial by products Obe A.A, Omoniyi, L.A, Oguntona 527-531
based concentrate diets to wad goats using E.B, Jolaosho A.O, Arigbede O.M 
Pennisetum purpureum hay as basal diet and Onwuka, C.F.I
RUM21 Effects of different processing methods of raw L. A .Saulawa, S. A. Muhammad, 532-535
baobab (Adansonia digitata) seed meal on and M .1. Tamburawa
productive performance of broiler chickens
RUM22 Chemical composition, forage height (FH) B. Yahaya, A.M. Hayatudden and A. 536-538
and dry matter yield (DMY) of wet season Kibon
forages in north eastern Nigeria
RUM23 Evaluation of raw or parboiled rice offal as R.T. Sani, O.S. Lamidi and G.E. 539-541
energy source for fattening bunaji bulls Jokhtan
RUM24 Effect of inclusion of haulm of different H.Y. Adamu, D.D. Dung O.S. 542-544
groundnut (Arachis hypogaea) varieties on Lamidi, S.B. Abdu, M.R Hassan, M. 
intake, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen Kabir and A. Lawal
balance in yankasa rams
RUM25 Gas production, methane and fermentation O. O. Adelusi, C. F. I. Onwuka, A. 0 . 545-548
kinetics of Paniciim maximum incubated with Oni. O. M. Arigbede and P. A. Dele
coconut-oil
RUM 26 Growth and faecal egg count response of sheep Fasae O.A. and Owodunni A 549-552
grazing natural pasture to cassava leaves and 
peels supplementation
RUM27 Tethering - feeding system: the effect on Eniolorunda, 0 . 0 ; Apata, E. S; 553-555
performance of west African dwarf goats Rabiu, K.A and Oyesiji, J
RUM28 Nutrient digestibility and mineral utilization of I. A. Adebisi, A. B. Ajibike, 556-558
west African dwarf (wad) weaner goats fed O.Oladepo, T. 0 . Muraina, H. O. 
mixture of Gmelina arborea leaves and Amusa, J. A.Alalade
Panicum maximum
RUM29 Nutritional quality of pearl millet silage M. Y. Ahmad, S. L. Abdurrahman 559-562
fortified with graded levels of lablab forage and I. R. Muhammad
RUM30 Intake and digestibility of N’dama cattle fed Ajayi, F.T 563-565
concentrate diets containing varying levels of
“NSAP-ZARIA 2015” Page xv
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N LIBRARY
Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15- 19th March, 2015, NAPR1/ABU, Zaria
corncob
RUM31 Chemical composition of acid and alkaline H. O. Amusa, T. A Oseni, S. D 566-568
soaked dehulled african yam bean seeds Ogungbenro, A, B Ajibike, A. D 
CSphenostylis stenocarpa) seeds Folorunso and Q„ A. Abu
RUM32 Effects of malted sorghum sprout with enzyme A.O. Areegbe' C.F.I Onwuka F.T 569-572
supplementation on performance Ajayi, A.O. Oni, O.O. Falola, M.O 
characteristics, rumen fluid parameters and Oladele-bukola and A.A Saka
microbial counts of west African dwarf goats
OTHERS
S/No Title of article Author (s) Pages
1 Histopathological Studies on the Effects of the Mohammed, G., Raji, A. 0 ., 573-577
Bovine Blood-Rumen Content Mixture on Asheikh, L. G., Adamu S. B. and 
Selected Organs of Growing Rabbits Igwebuike. J. U.
2 Phenotypic correlations between egg quality Abdulraheem, A.O., Raji, A.O. and 578-582
traits of the japanese quail in a semi-arid area Alade, N.K.
of Nigeria
3 Occurrence of subclinical Eimeria infection in Jatau, I.D., Lawal, A.I., Kwaga, 583-585
commercial poultry farms in Kaduna, state J.K.P. and Nok, A.J
Nigeria
4 Effect of season, sex, age and breed on the M. Abdullahi, M. Hussaini, M.D 586-588
prevalence of bovine anaplasmosis in Sokoto Salisu, M.A. Ibrahim, Z.M. Wunti, 
metropolis A.A. Mohammed
5 Performance of yankasa sheep fed Panicum A.N Fajemisin, T. Adaramewa and 589-592
maximum substituted with varying levels of M.K. Ogungbesan
Gm elina arborea  forage
6 Nutrients, anti-nutrients digestibility and A.N. Fajem isin, O.B. Omotoso 593-596
nitrogen retention by west African dw arf and T.A. Ayelotan
rams fed Panicum m aximum  substituted 
with Gliricidia sepium  and Acacia nilotica 
tomentosa
7 Correlation coefficient (r ) and dry Matter A.A. Njidda, B Bello and I. K. Al- 597-600
degradability of some Ficus Species using in Habib
sacco technique
8 ■ In situ crude protein disappearance and A.A. Njidda. B Bello and S. O. 601-604
fermentation characteristics of four leguminous Omotosho
browse species
9 Variation of haematoiogibal parameters in F.U. Samuel, N.P Chiezey, J.O.O. 605-608
oestrus synchronization using fluorogestone Bale, T.K Bello, R. Hassun. F.S 
acetate (FGA) intravaginal sponge in Sokoto Maikaji M. Ibrahim, S.O Ereke, and 
red goat H.J Magaji
10 Preliminary study on occurrence of polythene Yerima, J., Shinge, G. J and Jaji, l.M 609-611
bags and other foreign bodies: related 
complication in sheep and goat associated with 
poor waste disposal in Damaturu town, Yobe 
state Nigeria
11 The effects of deforestation on household food T. N Nwankwo and O.C Anakebe- 612-615
production in Aguata Agricultural zone of ' ogbu
Anambra state, Nigeria.
12 The effect of feeding different levels of tiger D.N. Onunkwo and M.C. Ugwuene 616-620
“NSAP-ZARIA 2015” Page xvi
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ARY
Proc. 40tli Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, I5-19tli March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria
*
nut (Cyperus esculentus L) seed meal on 
carcass and organ weights characteristics of 
i f
japanese quails (Cotumix cotumix japonica)
13 Haematological and serological characteristics D.N. Onunkwo and M.C. Ugwuene 621-625
of cockerels fed different levels of tiger nut 
{Cyperus esculentus) seed meal
14 The efficacy o f teaser buck introduction Nyam, P.P., Butswat, I.S.R, 626-628
and human chorionic gonadotropohin Naibi, S., and Kalla D J.U
(HCG) in the induction o f ovulation to 
enhance receptivity and fertility in rabbits 
(iO ryctolagus cunniculus) in Bauchi.
15 Sensory evaluation of meat from red Y.M. Ishiaku, D.N. Tsadoand S. 629-632
Sokoto goats fed graded levels o f com  cob U. Oyibo
diets supplemented with cowpea husk
16 Intake and nutrient digestibility in sheep fed Ibrahim, H. and Abbator F. 633-636
some semi-arid browse plants
'NSAP-ZARIA 2015” Page xvii
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19th March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zarui
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITIES OF AFRICAN NUTMEG, PEPPER AND 
BLACK PEPPER EXTRACT ON THE QUALITY AND SHELF-LIFE OF CHICKEN NUGGETS
M. H. HARUNA1, 0 . 0 .  OLUSOLA2, T. S. OLUGBEMI3
1National Animal Production Research Institute (NAPRI), Shika-Zaria, Nigeria 
2Meat Science Laboratory, Department of Animal Science, University o f Ibadan, Nigeria 
1D epartment of Animal Science, Ahntadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
ABSTRACT
A study was conducted using five kilogrammes of manually deboned and comminuted broiler meat to 
determine the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Pepper, Black pepper and African nutmeg 
extracts on the quality and shelf-life of nuggets stored at 4°C for 12 days in a completely randomised 
design. The results for the antioxidant effect revealed that lipid oxidation of chicken nuggets were 
improved by the inclusion of the extracts compared to the control. Total plate count, coliform count and 
fungal count were significantly (P<0.05) reduced with the addition of African nutmeg extracts during 
storage. It is concluded that extracts of Pepper, Black pepper and African nutmeg led to retarded oxidative 
rancidity and microbial growth during refrigerated storage, thereby improving the quality and shelf-life of 
chicken nuggets.
INTRODUCTION conducted to determine the antimicrobial and 
The aims of preservation methods are to inhibit the antioxidant activity of Pepper, Black pepper and 
microbial spoilage and to minimize the oxidation African nutmeg extracts on the keeping quality of 
and enzymatic spoilage. Utilization of spices in chicken nuggets. The objectives of these studies 
various forms like powder, extract or essential oils were to determine the antioxidant activities of 
has been well documented for its preservative Ginger, African nutmeg, Pepper, Black pepper and 
ability by inhibiting lipid oxidation, growth of Cloves on the quality and shelf-life of chicken 
many spoilage bacteria and fungi in foods (Meena nugget, stored at 4°C for 12 days and to determine 
and Sethi, 1997; Subbulakshmi and Naik, 2002; the antimicrobial activities of ginger, African 
Rajkumar and Berwal, 2003). Their addition also nutmeg, pepper, black pepper and cloves on the 
affects the taste, flavour, texture, water activity, quality and shelf-life of chicken nugget, stored at 
pH and colour of some meat products (Zhang et 4°C for 12 days.
al., 2009; Ibrahima et al., 2011). Examples of such 
spices include Pepper and Nutmeg. Pepper is a MATERIALS AND METHODS
good source of antioxidant, contains vitamin c and Preparation o f  extracts
beta carotene (Coon, 2003). In Nigeria and other pepper (Capsicum frutescens), black pepper (Piper 
African countries, the kernel obtained from the guineense) and African nutmeg (Monodora 
seeds of African Nutmeg is a popular spicing agent myristica) were purchased from Kurmi market in 
to improve flavor of food resembling that of Kano State. The spices were washed with water, 
nutmeg (Mvristica frag rails) as well as an aromatic air dried overnight and ground into powder using a 
stimulating addition to medicine (Ekeanyanwu et hammer mill. The spice extracts were prepared as 
al., 2010). It is reported to possess valuable follows: Aliquots (50 g each) of pulverized and 
economic and medicinal value (Okafor, 1987). dried spices were mixed into 400 ml of 95% (v/v) 
Monodora myristica is rich in glycosides, ethanol for 12 h in enclosed flasks with constant 
flavonoids, saponins and steroids but with very shaking (100 rpm) using a flask (Stuart: SF1). 
little cyanogenic glycosides, tannins, oxalates and After filtration with a Whatman No. 2 filter paper, ' 
phytates . Flavonoids, saponins and tannins are the residue was re-extracted with an additional 200 
known to have antimicrobial activity, as well as ml of 95% ethanol for an additional 12h and then 
other physiological activities (Ekeanyanwu et al., filtered. The combined filtrates were concentrated 
2010). Flavonoids possess anti-inflammatory, anti­ on a rotary evaporator (RE- 100, Bibby Sterilin 
oxidant, anti-allergic, hepatoprotective, anti- Co., Ltd., U.K.) at 50°C with a vacuum pump. The 
thrombic, antiviral and anticarcinogenic activities extracts were further evaporated on water bath 
(Middleton et al., 2000). This study was therefore using Petri dishes. Dried extracts were placed in
Session: Animal Products Page 202
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Proc. 40thAnn. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19th March, 2015, NAPRI/ABU, Zaria
sealed bottles and stored at 4°C before use (Zhang Multiple Range Test (Duncan, 1995). The 
et al., 2009). following model was used:
Chicken nugget preparation =  n + Tt + ei}-
Meat was deboned manually and cut into small Where;
pieces and minced in a meat mincer (Breville, UK) Yy = dependent variable; p  = overall mean; T  = 
with a 3 mm plate. Emulsion of each formulation effect of the ith treatment; ejjk = random error.
was prepared using bowl chopper (Breville®, UK). 
All the nugget formulations consisted of broiler RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 
meat, 60%; soy bean oil, 10%; ice flakes, 10%; Microbial count (Log cfu/g) and Thiobarbituric 
refined wheat flour, 2.5%; skim milk powder, 2%; acid (malondialdehyde/kg) o f chicken nuggets 
whole egg liquid, 5%; table salt, 2%; sugar, 1%; stored at 4°C for 12 days
sodium tri-polyphosphate, 0.2%; condiments/spice The effect of spice extracts on the total plate 
mix, 2.5%; and spice extract,4.8%. The count(TPC), total coliform count(TCC), total 
formulation obtained was carefully cut in nugget fungal counts(TFC) and thiobarbituric acid(TBA) 
size pieces (4x1.5x1.5 cm) and baked at 160°C for of chicken nuggets stored at 4°C for 12 days are 
15 minutes. The cooked product was cooled and presented in Figures 1, 2, 3 and 4 respectively. 
weighed. The nuggets were packed in sterilized Spice extracts inclusion in chicken nuggets 
aluminum foil plates and stored at refrigerated decreased the TPC, TCC, TFC and TBA values. 
temperature (4±1°C) for analysis (Kumar and Extracts of pepper had exceptionally high 
Tanwar, 2011). activities against lipid oxidation and microbial 
Microbial and Thiobarbituric acid assay growth as storage days increase.
Nugget samples from each treatment were Conclusion
collected into sterilised plastic containers and The inclusion of spice extracts in chicken nuggets 
transferred to the laboratory with the aid of ice increased the shelf life and sensory attributes of 
bags, and analysed within an hour after collection the product.
(Nwachukwu et al., 2008). The media used Acknowledgement
includes plate count agar, McConkey agar, potato My heartfelt gratitude goes to Prof. J.O. Ayo, Prof. 
dextrose agar, peptone water and nutrient agar A.O. Okubanjo and Prof. J.J. Omage and also to 
which were prepared according to manufacturer’s the staff of Food Science Laboratory and 
instructions (Oxoid, U.K.). The media were Agronomy Laboratory, Ahmadu Bello University, 
sterilized by autoclaving at 121°C for 15 minutes. Zaria, Kaduna State, Nigeria.
Enumeration of TPC and TCC was carried out 
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Proc. 40th Ann. Conf. Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 15-19th March, 2015, NAPR1/ABU, Zaria
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4
— Control
-------Pepper
— Black pepper 
— African nutmeg
Storage period (days)
FIG 1: TPC FIG 2: TCC
5
Control
—  Black pepper 
African nutmeg 
— Pepper
0 1 3  6 9 12
Storage period (days)
FIG 3: TFC FIG 4: TBA
Session: Animal Products Page 204
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