INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF 
LITERACY EDUCATION
Volume 9, No. 2, July, 2019
ISSN: 0189-6687
Production o f this journal was supported by 
Universal Basic Education Commission 
(UBEC)
Published by
Department of Adult Education
Special Edition for 70th Anniversary 
of the Department
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
International Journal of Literacy Education Vol. 9, No. 2 July, 2019
Patronage and Effect of Herbai Medicine on 
Residents of Bodija Community in Ibadan 
Metropolis
Funmilola E. Akinyooye
Department o f Adult Education, Faculty of Education, University o f Ibadan
and
Motunrayo O. Oyebami
Department o f Botany, Faculty o f Science, University of Ibadan
Abstract
The use ofherbal medicine has been extensively studied 
among the adult and paediatric population with chronic 
illnesses, such as cancer and sickle cell anaemia. 
Although the therapies evolving have shown promising 
potential with the efficacy ofa good number ofherbal 
medicines established, manyofthem remain untested 
and their use is either poorly monitored or not 
monitored atalL Therefore, safety has also been a major 
issue with the use ofherbal medicine, while there is the 
needfor relevant regulatory authorities to be put in 
place with appropriate measures to prevent the abuse 
of herbal medicine. This study was geared towards 
investigating the patronage and effect ofherbal medicine 
on the residents o f Bodija community in the Ibadan 
metropolis.
The study adopted the descriptive survey research 
design. The simple random sampling technique was 
employed to select 125 residents of Bodija Community. 
Data was collected from this sample, using a close ended 
questionnaire tagged, “Patronage and Effect o f Herbal
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Patronage and Effect of Herbai Medicine on Residente... 133
Medicine Questionnaire”. The data was analysed using 
a frequency count and simple percentages.
Thefindings revealed that herbal medicine is highly 
patronized in the community and that it was effective 
in the treatment ofillnesses. The findings also revealed 
that there was no adverse effectfrom the usage ofthe 
herbal medicine.
The study recommended th,a t govemment should make efforts by fully integrating herbal medicine into the modern health care System as part ofits objective 
ofproviding affordable, accessible and effective health 
care for all. It is also recommended that a Standard 
healthcare regulating framework must be set up for 
herbal mHeedricbinael  pmraedctiictiinoen eprs, amKcoemym wunoirtyd, sI:n digenous herbs. atron
oangge o, thReerssi.dents of Bodija 
bIHntieme 
trtrebh
oaed l oumrcs, hoiwe
tdioicnine ha
and gettinggien vi neorcf,r  sehcaeise
sn tbiefiecn m aerd
Levine, Weber-Levinreibn &ag l M amatteyedbneitc
oiiuionc
n
nien
de f oasr  aw leo knngo twim iet  taondda yh.a Ipnp 
rry (  2ah0na0ds 3 bi)ne. tTeenhr eeg surtos aew so inef hager ilrnibe arpl  onmpoeu
relenacrsei nttoyt   
ccnhoonawltlinues to 
ted by 
Orga erneniszgoaertsti oiinnng 
ed txiopf fatehnreedsn erapidly across the world, w, 2004). tT  pnhraiostdi pounacsatstl   fdhoeerca talhtdheec t arhreaeas t somebtetvniinto o
itfh v maraionuy dicine 
tremendous surge in the accepta guss l(yW woirtlnd
s   pHheeeoaapllttlhhe   
htahleserorb aianpl  ifreoesom bdeo Sdtthioe risen sb d aeeninvdeg sl oaupvpaienirlgam ba
essed a 
billion people (representing 80al
nend cn deo eotv foe anlnoldyp  epindu  bdcloriucu gnin tStretieress, tw inrkets. It is e it
 nha tthuersael  
pinr imthaer yd seovuerlocep ionfg h ewaoltrhlcda rree,l ya no%dn t  rohafedtrhibteiao lwn mao
sretliddmi’sca iptneoadpl l medical  u
tohlraaettsi ou, but now 
involves the use of herbs (Mukherjee, 2002; Bodeker,p pOrranocdgti,u
npc) tt sol i vafoisnu gar   
Burford & Shein, 2005; Bandaranayake, 2006). Herbal me cdGeir cwuinnhedic yihs,  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
“1k3n4o w Funmilola E. Akinmexapienrtieleenndacgneecs,  esk inioldlfsi  gahennd
y ooye & Motunrayo 0. Oyebami
mimepdriocvienmese nwt ohri ctrhe
o
 aeatmarel
pturhsa  cattinoc desd  iibnfaf esetrhdee no n the theories, beliefs and 
phytomedicines, refer to eh neartlb sosof,   phcherayblslaiecl adml  aabtn
tp drceorti aam
euvletenunres, used lns,ic
ti
 htaearll 
o
b iaml
nln, dil eperdseispc
a”ai.
g nrH
inneo rstbhiasei,   
apmnlaadtn eftri nimailsash tieendrci lahulesdr eba sasl products that contain parts o f plants or
a eotsito hnoesrr,   
boef epnlaT anhttte rm irbeeucdteeincdti n troee sss,u
e reagdcetsi,v bee rirnigersee , 
droieontst,s  le(aWveHsO, b, a2r0k0 a8n)d.  fTlohwe eprsla. nt 
a(Bs awndeallr aansa tyhaek eh, 2ig0 hp
vererafnelc rfeae cnotcfo epr suo, bfs luciocc nhin satusem rtheset e ifnf khaecryb aolr r eefmfeedies cost o f most moder ctiven
 heasss  
fdaecvteolrosp minagy c nouencetrsiseist0.a 6tIe)n.   tHNhoiegw eperaivtaer foro,n rita i sgneese tomanfs cc 
etnrhs a dtf orthur egn saa,b tuoarmvaeol m tnhegen rotaitophnieeersds,   
phoeaf ovhpeel afeal.t iAhlel scdoa t,r ope o mivnee trehttye ,t  jhcoeob ulnenestesrnds of the tee
onventional medicine in 
the Situation of the average Nye ipsgsoe iarnniatdsn  it,g omn to
m
ahrke
i nep,g mancoe p
oodp
ing oi htr a dli
euvrlinan tghi oehanal.bt Thit hSsee or svfti tachetees   
ehnasjo bye eand erqeusoartte  thoe haeltrhb acla mree.d Oicninee o. f the immedi
viafetf eiac lucl olctno fmsoerpq touhueennmdce etdos   
vpa
h
id
aeseur
 fioAyanwlt
necre trhrmaatta
atunji (2ensdec doer  d oeuxfe
0 0to2 )a  Sntua
 the prob pslieyrmendt .oh Uef ft
tmeicsjub
 tha
a ,ed rBr 
t the p
iousfgo fsna,g c twao
ahrtsri,conage of herbal medicine 
or curative strength of thaek oer dthruogdso,x t hSneed rl 
 Ishsuh cahr ea se tihthe po er
o ofar koer  naonnd-  
ppaotorro dniasgteri. bAultl itohne shea tse nmda dtoe e dnihea tnrcaed toh-em pevrdi
wc or (2013)eice
 oasrfer,l
 
e  aS
in
nne
erdfv fiece ahc
c
nei
 gtwihve ecr oeh seota fla tinnhdge   
ttohrfae hd editroibomanli amnla senodtci cimeinteieet.hs I.o nEd Nv eoignfe  hiria, 
 enjoy high 
there is still high patronage noe fam hl
tthhe  cuasree  oSfy hseterbma li mn ead d patronage 
herbal medicine essentially foeorr sbtth auelr rmbaaepnde iuactniindce  r.p uMurroapsl 
lsli eccitnutielnt ughsra astl ob daeaneydn,   
ultimate goal of the treatment of diseases or disordot seperesso , apwsle wi tuhet lillti hzaees  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
restoring Patronage and Effect of Herbai Medicine on Residents... 135central 
aOnydo  Bssttoaudt
p
dei
o jhain eitsa  olotfhn to normalcy. Hence. nItt sis.  Ein
 the
vehe ao
 bhf itign tthhe
h
oed 
  uumm
s
ghaa
e
 j
 iooan r
fl herbly comm
ael,  umhnueitmdieiacsin ni health becomes the 
utilize the formal health care Syas brtgyeem c pi,v rtihol epse ourrsvteaio n
net .st,h beu csiitnye ossf  Itbycaodoanns,  
uiannb dipq omupiatuotleuartsiia oand widely practiced. Unfortunatel
oyn,f   dhouef ertb htaoel s tmeh eer edinsiccidrineeean stiess   
hhthaaevs e fo abrleesesont s ab an
lsnn ,f irhroampi dw uhirbanization and industrialization, the plants 
advancemenente dann  p
ildlated asonoct
d
pus
.
h 
 cAahrse  ma s rotesilstl u oclfto ,t nhpseeesorepv hleeed rt rbtaoav l oemlb tetoda riincui rntahelse a sarere eah sde werrbhisve.e rIdet   
siinnes tottiiun
me
ttug-tosi,fo -tnphseo  cfsukurebttsh ecexrrip p
i
petrnioodpni
s ett
tulo
inc hatteed that despite the technological 
study carried out by Duru,sr  Iepw o
ironbn ah ilen ma mletdhei dcciaicnraeel   iScsae srrtveiil,cl  eevssep rineycially in urban 
out that 77.5% of the responeduoe,p nOletls’us u orsheelai at arnnacddei  tOoinoh nahnaellr emb a
  lhf otirgrehm. aInl hcreeaalste 
63.7% combine orthodox and traditional medicine(e 2td0oi1 cg6i
anbtem),  fewont. Aet curuhenidld
h   
Bmcoeenlodnicwinue ( 2t0o1 1tr)e aalts om coanlafirrima. edT htheaste  5d4a.7y%s,  spubesocprlieb ec toom trbaidnit
e
ei otnhae.l 
  
A(D
 
hmegeau
uvnreuwn, atei,to I nwaalu.l and traditional methods of treatment to sta'y healthy dltihca ctaionnn oi
,n  a2 nt0hd1e 6M bme;r aDeinnuutre,u n2, a0Uwakt be overemphasni1zc6eead,) . .r
w eHseet,n oCcrhaeti, nitohonem  ianmnspdoo ,p rMtraebnsacecerh voaif,t  hiDoeinrwb oea,lf   
TSpreah
tsaleyt 
t
i u
em
ntshger  oeo
enf hte orbf atlh me ePdr
herbal mened  ditcheiencmaeds  efhosar sw  sboiet
iomhci 
b
enn
l
 ao
eltmpa  hrlate ssos if n tpchrraienma sa8er0dy%  thr eoeamfl ptehencodaporleue. s wTlyho oervl duewsre it dhee.  
aaepndidule latps stayhn,m dhay .pp Oaerentdleyina ast ivroiecnr ,y p
eonp eu of 
medicine use among thd feeia wgbe e
xltateetsin omsnive ewllliyittu shst u, ccdhainred in Nigeria among the sntudies h
onic illnesses such as 
im m lv im r  t-hoco o n o n fc  haw » cehrra>lw pnoapveu slapteicoi
cnfei.c raA, lsllytich ekovleua lgcuheal tlt ehaden rhaaeeprmbiaal   n rn m isin cr n n te n tia l WlTh tihees
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
e1f3f6ic acyF uonmilola E. Akinyooye & Motunrayo O. OyebamimmoannyiHt ooorwfe dt
f
evh 
 aoe erm
g
r 
o
, ns o
ordem nauimn buenrt oesf theedr baanld m tehdeiicri nues ec leaarerl ye iethstearb lpisohoerdly,  
shcuoenprbpvaeolns metideoldnyia cclio ncnoet
inat icenev  smeinma mnilyao ron efit tohree hde artb aalll .medicine preparations may 
tohfe h ecrobnasl 
un
tmituedeincti  npeoe
t lelepy
r
mrp
pehaepa
rrtms, athctiyhs n amot braiyos ktpa ountfi  cttohaxle i pcriletaysnp. tAo species with their 
Programme on the needn attors a rteaiaondnd sh  aea rnbgdae tln hmeereiard lpi capincukeba lpg
dneeddqe pnurtaostd epu rlacatbcste iwlcliiinnthgg   
cmwoeonlsl emquaeyn cbee  oneces
ic enlightenment 
int f not
roduct labels very 
fooeddresa  ctootfi  oapncrstoi mwoniot, thpe eo bxtoe
 dsnaotriianylg  at todh viasev risse era t herbal medicine toxicity. The 
safety continues to biestt hain  smga faoejro atrhn iodsds roax
rn ep ianhcadequate knowledge of their 
It becomes imperative therefo tion
tions, contraindications, and 
authorities put in place appropriuareete ,w  mtiht
aharl mt uhaceuticals and functional 
patrona at t
sehe ue o serfe  tohlefe vhsaeenr abtg aerl enmgtesud. laiSctiinoncreye.   
tmmheeaddt iiccthiinnise
g easures to protect the public 
State. e 
se s 
 
oa
atnur
nedd ys ua fsiena vgaee the inhnas
 dof herbabt iiogtaaf snteutssit at
lb hmleee  qpduaicatirlnioteyn .ba Iygt  eies n aasnguadrii nnesgftf  tethhcat all herbal  o f Bodija community in Ibits a obdfaa cnhk,e dOrrbyoaopl   
TOhbej eg
tianon: dIb eaf
cefetncievt es of the Studydan,r  oaOfly  hooeb rSjbetaacltt eimv. eeW dohicfi iltnehe,i t soh snet  tushpdeey ci nwifhiacas bo itbtoja enectxtsiav omefsi B nooefd  ttihhjaies c  spotamutdrmyo uwnnaeigrteey   
i. Ainshsaesbsi ttahnet sle ovef lB oofd aijwii. Examine the extent ta 
acroemnemssu onfit hye irnb Iabl amdeadni,c Oine among the 
medicine in the Bodoij aw choicmhm peuonpitley  pina tIrboandizaen a
yo state;
iii. Ascertain the effect of herbal medicine among t, 
nOdy ou sset ahteer;bal 
of Bodija community in Ibadan, Oyo state; anhde inhabitants 
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
iv. ExamPaintreo ngaegne daenrd  Edfiffefcet rof Herbai Medicine on Residents... 137herbal medicine among ethnece insh ianb itthaen tpsa otfr Boondagijea  Caonmdm uusnei toyf.  
RThees efoallrocwhi nQgu reessteiaorcnsii.i . WWthehh aaintt  hiissa  tbthe lemedicineh iietna e nBxtots
vh e oqluestions guided the study:
iii. What is the effeedcntijt
f  o Btofo  wadwihjaaic rcheon pmeesms uonf iherbal medicine among 
of Bodija commu noai ftc yho eimnrbm Iabula mndiaet
oypnd ,ii cn
le
Oi nI
 p
yb
tyaat dirnao nInb,i zaOedy aaonn,d O uysoe  hSetartbea?
iv. Do gender differences influence theoe   aSpmtaa
 St
totrneo?gn tahgee  in
ahteab?and uitsaen ots
l  
hine rIbbaald mane,d Oicyinoe S atamteo?ng the inhabitants of Bodija communityf  
wTShiiglilsn  hsiat larget
f
eul
ip ad
c sty
ah n ries
c  isne of theegairghdnasib ftiihtcaean n
 tS tu
and related products wgtliso
i
t 
n
hob
 afm e 
d
lB
y
 aamopc
ndcy hiejaap
r
s 
etica
s
so n
pec
omcnm
tsu; nthitey f ains dwienlgl sa os ft hthei sso sctuiedtyy  
rcoeofl uhenevtrarbnieat slr  meogfeu tdhlaiect iownreoy.r  pTldoh ltiisoc  isbetesu  bdporyod waiecostui ovldne 
ea  alasdnovd eb uress eoe  fro iefma hcpetroiobrnatasl  nmincee td hticoei  nuthesees   
haPpreorpvbriaodlpe mrrisae odtefic  mmineeasures to protect publ
 i ahcn ehrdeb acalolt nhmt bienydu ieecni ne in different 
often have litteldesi  catiprnapeirsno, isvnuegcd h ifn oa rsa  psnahdlye s uaicnriea nsasf, en aunrsde so fa snu
tsoiut aprbiunlteg i  qnthu paalltai tacylel.   
Ampodeoedrqilcuyia ninteefso  tarrmfafeiencdti n the
d pharmacists, 
almost often on aogbt oi
 suh tne taohlweths e vo epfr rtyoh deeuirher types of pscs
 p
retes
a
sn 
t
ca
dineednrs thstoa. Mnwda tinhneygy  o oafrf te hh ebomewi na grh eeu rsabelsdao.l   
mrheeesadpliotchnicnsaiebrsie.l iI n spite of the fact that the ac
ttriiaivple,t  since most patients are 
to the safettPyy  rlmioefsoe wsnsiititoohnr tiahnlegsm  ios if n cm toenerdmtiincs uionofa utlh seply
io
iirn 
n
 vsvo
 oollivrc einmteoednn -tp oref socrrtihpotdioonx  
important that all providers. o f herbal merdoidcaiulnucetassb , laeirt ec 
aoisn sn 
d a huge 
utafrflisibcoui etvnioernrlvys  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
138 Funm
oemmrethpdoiocdwionexer she. d
i
eTa 
lo
lt
l
hto
a  E. ihsc,p alhra
Aki
eoy wP 
nay oroyeeveorl,e
 &
  
 M
sihno 
otu
umldo
nrayo O. Oyebami
be essential to create an  
nbieto irnin cgo ltlhaeb osraafteitoyn  owf ihthe rbthael  
hIsnhe arfbraiacnlt gm,  otehfd eki nceiondweuslce aadntgidoe n pa
r boaotfemustos tsiohpnehaelrse.  Fooftrr t of u
hsits  ttoo f bacei leitffaetcet tihvee ,a idt ewqouualtde  
o f poTthene toiaultlcyo smerei ooufs t hriiasst ksisetu 
hnfdrt
eosay/m
l
 wc
t houn-scesau armen dePr srsao ifsfee vtsyist aoiolf n fhoaerrbal medicines. 
researchers, pharmaceutical Co otmhuepld am ngiuiseiusds,e e a ponofdl hi cegyro bmva
ls,
a lt h
 
km
p
eere 
rpovsd,r iec
ivd
ernmensctin
eeenrsts.i oonf  
Snwyoosnut-elgdmo i vninecr oonrrmpdoeerrn atttoae lf  ehorervrgebanantlli yzma metideoienctis nt het
holars, 
eo i  nhetesoat altthbhel in sNehae dtais o fonrfaaml Heewaoltr
ahkl   Ctaahnrad  the populaceet.  
TpTrhhoeep toohrseeeodtri yci naa dl1 oF9p8rta1ed,m  wfoeworkcchohemoailcptheo: n Sfeeirnrsvttsi,c  tephsea ut tairliz
hri tchhi si ss tbuadsye ids  tohne  Yhoisu entgh cnhoogircaep-mhiack sintugd mieosd oelf  
iilnlndeiv
e
sisd sueavle’sr iptye.r rGccerepaptvt
ation in Mexico. This model incorporates four 
cla i
 
iio
m
tonyn
o sas nto edfs  gtshreaenvitrial to the individual’s h is based oit nsyo ;t chtiheai lsa  nscseauttwemgoportrkiyo’s ni nc tochlnuasd
eal
ti dethse
t rhba serve cotutiohltn 
i
ut h
ce 
ho r
oeef   
oeaf nPfi
mscsaeicf iiteorsue sialltnmeesnset;s  bify  ale vpeelr soofn s ekvneroiwtys.  Soerofessio f
c 
 lay ref,n etahrlre hayel w.a liTtlhlh b ciera drlie,k  Setylhyse tt eofm ua.ti itHlhioz emi nteh  arrete mt
oarn eeh
daot, thdymm ke
e k
nen otrw be
nemofwoerledge of a 
incorporates the individual’s belief abomuetd yth; et heifsfl ieccdaog
deey  u istt ihbliazti nigs  
ttrreeaattmmeenntt  ifof trh tehye  dpore nsoetn bt eilllineevses .t hAen t irnedativ
mpo
mideunat li sw eiflfl encotitv ucety. i Flioozf
na estehndet   
aitnhe accessibility o f treatment;
e the 
thveda iimvlaiobdsiutl iaitmlys ’po oef rvtthaaolnustae it nSiofelnruv eioncfec st.h Ae ccc
 ooarscdtc ieossibility incorporates
u rtthhe,  
u1n9d8e8rbs)t.a nTdhse  tshuem gmraavtiitoyn o fo tfhe t eho inisl l hnmeeasosldt h
n fgc  ahtroee aY ulotthui nSge, ravcicceess sa mnda yt hbee  
herbal medicine as the first choice of traeenla dthm oseludnbsts  ct
lrihziabatet isao ntno   i(tnWhdeoi vluiinsdsky, before utilizinge ut haoelf  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
formal healtPha tcraornea.g eH aisn db Effect o f Herbai Medicine on Residents... 139rilelnmeessd.y plays a substantiealli erfo ilne  tinhe h eisf/fihcearc yq aunicdk  sraefceotvye orfy t hfreo hmo mthee  
Methodology 
AoRn esydse
s
te es
eomc
afra 
ritpcthit
h
ceiv 
 dee mesignallys,u ptrhivreei cfyaa rcle tssrearch design wasmtheet ahroeda  ionfv ionlvteerse csot.
es
l lFeucr tatinhn
e
ged
ar r dcm
chh daoatarr ae
e
tco, 
st te
ihgsr
ns 
heies dtdi
 cwadessh o
oipcf hate  gdaii vfmoer this ligcrhitptive sn
 
 on issu
a
u rp
t 
evsoe
d
,p
 esutslucadrtiyibo. inInt  igins,   
qlsauurbegjseet cipoto nopsfu  soltrau ttdiooy n.t eI ats tti s ah i ynpptaeorrtt
y research 
eihcseutseliadsr  i ctnoi mncoceel.lrencitningg t hdea tcau frrroemnt  a
 St rtoea tlaauntssi vwoefel ayr   
TPinho Iepb puaodlpaauntil aNotnoior noth fo  Ltfo hthceae l ss Gttuuodvdyey risn tmhee nint,h Oabyiot aSnttast eo.f Bodija Community 
TiSnha emB ropadnlie aninhabitadjnaot msc.o 
dsma smmapmulninpitgly it,n eIcgbh tanediqcauhnen  wwiqahusic euhs erde ptor esseelenctte 1d2 52 5in%h aobift a5n0t0s  
T“ReTPhhaee
st  rm
eoanariancg h iquestieion ans
nntnrd
st
aui mE
r
ref
uefenmctt e wasfo
nrt ga
on demographic info ro mdf iHvaequestion items on the patid
trhebeari iMnge ddiactian was a questionnaire tagged, 
the inhabitants. The questrtiooionn
d into
na, ngwaehi rai
 t
enl
he du 
rS esee
eefc 
 sQfetei
u
coct
enisost niBos .n aSnneadcit rCieo”n ( APE foHcMusQe)d.  
options are provided for inhabitants toe tdic ktht t eoh efL ihirke rererbstap floo mr
 fmeodcauitc swiendhe e oon nses. rne  
IVwnae Olrierd dicetory mt oap ntaerdse tdr fe owlri acobniltietnyt  ovafl tidhiety iC I l K m i t H  *-* ------------------ ith the stated sp, 
ntehscetif riicute mombesj enicntt itvhees q bueefsotrioen bneaiinree 
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
r1e4l0ia biliFunmilola E. Akinthe aid otyf  othf eth Cer ionnsbtraucm
yoeonyte p &ro Mdoutcuendr a0yo O. Oyebamih alpha reliabilit.y8 7c,o wefhfiiccihe wnta tse acchhniieqvueed. with 
MTfrheeeqt udheaontadc y co ocflol eDucnattetsda a  fnArdonm sai lmtyhpseli sest puedryc wenatsa agnesa.lysed descriptively, using 
Results
Analysis based on research questions
NmRieegdseierciaainr?ec ham Qouneg sthtieo innh 1a:b iWtahnatst  oisf  tBhoed liejav eClo omf mawuanriteyn eosfs O oyfo h Setrabtael,  
Table 1: Showing respondents’ view on the basis of level 
of awareness of herbal medicine
S t a t e m e n t Y e s N o
D o  y o u  b e l i e v e  t h a t  h e r b a l  m e d i c i n e s  a r e  b e n e f i c i a l  in  9 0 .4 % 9 .6 %
h e a l t h c a r e  m a n a g e m e n t ?
H a v e  y o u  e v e r  r e c o m m e n d e d  t h e  u s e  o f  h e r b a l  m e d i c i n e s ? 7 6 .8 % 2 3 .2 %
A r e  y o u  a w a r e  t h a t  s e v e r a l  i n t e r n a t io n a l  o f f i c i a l  h e r b a l  b o o k s  7 6 % 2 4 %
e x i s t ?
T h e r e  i s  n o  h a r m t i i l  h e r b a l  m e d i c i n e . 4 9 .6 % 5 0 .4 %
bTtheaabntle e total fi
1c
the uh oseefr
 isbahalo lt wom she tedhaiaclttinh 1ec1as3 ra e(r 9em0 ba.4enn%aeg)fe ibcmeialeilne tvt;e wd t 76.8% of th h
hia
 of herbal me reedsipcionnedse, nwtsh ailger oe2 eh3de.2 at%lh
lteht  c1ha2er re(b9 am.l6 amat t %n
e)ad gdieciines are 
recommended the use of herbal medicines.  Ad tihsoaetgayrl r eoeecfd o7 m6th%m
msaegnret.e Ad  a eto ntfd htehedye  
r p c n n n ^ o n t c  o r -c x  n u r o r n  i  — --------- 1 1--------1-----1
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
bo Patrontohffaoitck itsah lee hrxeeis ritbs,  anwl obh oihl
aeg e and Effect of Herbai Medicine on Residents... 141
that Tthe
ok
hersee i sfi nnod ihnagarsr
2sm4 ef%xuil s ahtr.e eAr blnsaoot aware that several international 
that during th m Sfuuplp hoerrtb tahla 
lm,  m4e9de.di6ci%icnine o.ef,  twheh irlees 5pondents agreed 
and acceptan t of Bodeker (2005
0) .w4%hi cdhis raegproeretds  
ccaoobuuonnutttrr i8iee0ss%,.  uD soeu
ceee   pfs t hh
oteo
afs  npta odecade, there has been iner wbao
tvuerratl yt haenrdap liiems iitne bdo atchc deesvsc ertelooa pmsiinnoggd  aepnrundb  lmdicee vidneitlcoeirpneeesdt,   
Tahpherpisbr awola acmsh ea tdlosi ochi esnuaeplsi pnaogrr
l rtmlde’ds ipcoinpeu alsa ttihoenir,  seosupreccei aolfly p rinim tahrey d heevaeltlhocpainreg.  
apnrodd ouvctesr.- tAhse s-cuocuhn, tteh.
e I enoddf by WHO (2005) where it was found that 
g re yd r
tiuevngids virepr uessa
epel
wseed as an nwt dah  obsu iulblsioe
 b ntahs lancestanetoimafl   adpso
d
r lh
 laaonoprmos
d
r e
 o mtirone
o mdheeerdraten of tbiheaesl
 
   
bch
peloie
r
or
ebtpaalrlboaagiln
r  aipc 
dlrug market. Trteieonpngastrh,a  taoinof  ntinally activeism a
derie.v 
oAid lauthcahol iuemgvuhes  ittth  tiesa  kgdeee nstiehrreea dlr leybq ebuneierliefeidtv  efddroosme  ohverebr aal  
Vefafreicotuss ( Badisvseertt, i19
 safe for consumption, some herb
sem9 4seu)n.btss tiann tchees ,m caosusl dm beed itao,x iinc cwluitdhin ugn tdeeles
si ,rt hlaikbaetle  mm sioodssett   
carawredadiroieb npielristosyg a rn(aBdm rgemivveoesnr t t,h hae1v 9headvertisements are carefu9le
 rsbi vision and 
groups of people that exist li8yn ; p 
gaPlnificantly increased consumers’ 
to use herbs for their nutrititohrne
 pasrreolnedt ueadcnt stdo u  aBntdatrunaesc artl et, hspe2e 0dc0itfa6fbe)ri.l ity and 
h e society. Ch
These 
efefaelctthsy,  sgu al values to
il dfraecnil iatarete e nncooreumnraat lga egoder   
tashtnredeisr bs ae ananutd
rowth a
i-p atpogl iypn rgoe fv
n eedsn sdte enovtrety enhaonrc irnegju
i
 ev 
asloelffl
 opinwmgreendt;i eynotusn tgo  pheerlpso tnh’es mfo rc their euphoric encatst i tn(hPgea  erolfnefe sacentts do  afBn aadgn iswnagol,;m  2oe0ldn
oe fpro epr  ewsrlisitmohn mdsa ifniolgyr   
pRaetsroenairzce ha nQd uusees thieornba l2 m: eWdihciante  iisn  tBhoed e
06).
ijxat ceonmt mtou nwihtyic?h people 
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
142 Funmilola E. Akinyooye & Motunrayo O . Oyebami
Table 2: Showing respondents’ view with respect to the 
extent to which people patronize and use herbal 
medicine in Bodija community
S t a t e m e n t s Y e s N o
H a v e  y o u  e v e r  u s e d  h e r b a l p r e p a r a t i o n s  o r  m e d i c i n e s  in  th e  8 9 .6 % 8 .8 %
p a s t ?
W i l l  y o u  p r e f e r  s e e k i n g  t r e a t m e n t  f r o m  h e r b a l  m e d i c i n e  c a r e  6 6 .4 % 3 3 .6 %
to  o t h e r  m e a n s  d u r i n g  s i c k n e s s ?
H a v e  y o u  e v e r  u s e d  h e r b a l m e d i c i n e .  s u c h  a s  p l a n t  s e e d s , 8 8 .0 % 7 .2 %
b e r r ie s . r o o t s , le a v e s ,  b a r k  o r  f l o w e r s  f o r  m e d i c a l  p u r p o s e s ?
Ththaeabrtbl eta h2l e pexhibits that 89.6% of the respondents agreed that they used 
uroersm umaaelildnyi i
ynr egup s1ea.dr6a %htie odrnbosa n lo oprt rm erepemadicines in the past, while 8.8% disagreed 
33.6% opdfrn tehefsee  rirn et ostph soee nepdka eshtne otrsrb  wnao
rations 
l emtm. eMbdeeiacrin 
oifwr t mhhieelyed , iucines in the past, and the 
medicine care. Also, 88.0% oouf tldh eli kreens eop towhnehdree n
6sm6n s
e.d4 %herbal pre
tesiac nrkes, 
  aornaft dthh teehr respondee dt hr
spepamornaaditnieoninntgss   
wwsehheeidlnes ,  a7bs.e2kre%rd if
 paons hiteivrbealyl  
respond ies,Thee fnitns d dhine
  tarn
hoieoeydts  h,e alveveaerv  eeuverd no idea ifs ts,hi nb
 used herbal medicine, such as plant 
Statement by WHgsO f r(o2m00 4re) stehaae
gay rhke orrb falol wmeerdsi cfoinr em aenddic 4al.8 p%ur poofs tehse;  
ttoo  ethxpand rapidly across the w
rtocese products for the treatm tr
hh he qa uudse eesv toeifor hn ue strwebdao lh  maerreebd iaincl i mnlienesed c iwocinnitteihn. uthees  
fpdieinfofdepirnleegn s(t r onefap Btrieoosdneeanklt ehinre ea( l28th00c0%a5r )oe
ld wi
  wsehtotei nnfotg uso.
t fThn v
 
dha
m
 oer 
aiuro
netu
ys p heeoapllteh now resorting 
f the world’s Do stnuhulatlt ac tuoirporn et
 olca hftaoelsul ewr nbigtihlel sito hinn l livinv in rhpe  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
de Patronage and Effect osthoeuv reuclseoe po oifnf h ghe eaworld rely on herba
f lH merbeadii cMiendailc ipnreo odnu Rcetssi daesn ats .p.. rim1a4ry3 
mcoamnmAy luosntohi,t eiCeras
rl.tbhsc iare and traditional medical practice which involves 
will promot erl eahapesa
si  v(i2e0w0e8d)  afso aunn dintegral part of the culture in those 
Ayantunji (2002)ao lnwthsh ifeoor rf o lsiuveniendkg io.n uIgtt  h
 hteohrwabtea vlt hether  ecmroaost important among 
nmoend-iecfifneec thivaes ninecsrse aosfe sdy dnuthee ttoic a  dn truhumagtsb,  “ewtrh hoei fpc fha
nptrtyro ainsda itgchetes  o btfhe terli aesdft iutthdioaynt o aitlf   
amadvaaulilaltareibraal,e ti esad nb oedrc t oehmxep irinerges idlse.t saFsno pcr eoin wosfet tarhfnuecl e ma, chloroq
au ciatnoreer,s, such as poor or 
this, (Ojua et al., 2013) also stressed tsah alaa trr etihas uep lpat rrooafbs tilh
  ta
e
ees
i
. ” 
tfaahnke ra nftaikdeo taend 
inactive or inefficient h  In
 of 
Services, high cost, and peoaolirn dgi ostrr cibuurtaitoinve,  asntrde snog tohen mo, hf  oathvf
e  fS ounpeps noe ort o
wf  
ftrraededo-omm e
a  omkreat hddoreud tgohsex,   
aumntaielniczyda ostieto
e doicf acl hSoericveic eos fe naj opyr ahcigtiht ipoanteror niasg ea.l sFou rethnecromuroarge
alenl c iont fhf oaerlrtmberaanlt iamotinev,de ti hctrianetea itments and herbal remedies, 
i,a nplgtah tiotehunegtishr’   
ts(hpPaairtri ltebu eaaclna cduo sBnesa cnoisof autlhs, ne2 e0isn0sf6,l u)m.e aAnns
s from a deductive approach based on 
disposed to accepting the thec
st, i“ni t( w19o9rk8e) da fnodr  mZeyi lf r(i1e9n9d9 o)r  rreeplaotrivteed”  
faith or intuition rather thanrya
e p iof religi scineeudntitviicfii dvcu arla
o
eul
n
ase 
  toaefnn add a greater level of 
3: What is the effseocnti n
 t grte.oa btme einnctr beaasseindg olny  
Ramesoenag rtchhe  inQhuaebisttainotns  of Bodija community? of herbal medicine 
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
144 Funmilola E. Akinyooye & Motunrayo O. Oyebami
Table 3: Showing the respondents’ view on the effect 
of herbal medicine among the inhabitants of 
Bodija community
S t a t e m e n t Y e s N o
Dt r eoa ytmo ue  ntth oinfk d hiseerabsael/ mil lende iscsi?n e  h a s  h e lp e d  in  th e  9 5 .2 % 4 ,8 %
cDoom ypoaur  efde etlo t oh ratth hoedrobxa lm meeddi ci ci ni ne e?  is  m o r e  e f f e c t i v e  6 9 .6 % 3 0 .4 %
hDeor byaolu m eevdeirc ienxep?e r i e n c e  a n y  a d v e r s e  s id e  e f f e c t ( s )  w it h  3 3 .6 % 6 6 .4 %
dDaon gy eoruo ub se ltioe  vheu tmh aa tn t hh ee a ultshe? o f  h e r b a l m e d ic in e  is  3 9 .2 % 6 0 .8 %
Tpmeaerbdcleeici v3ine se hh heoarwss h tehlpat 95.2% opora rill
ed in the t
t inne tshse.  Astlbusadoly,  m icto esndhsiocidwineser   thhheaars
fr  tnehaoettm  rheeesnlppteo odnf d idnei nstehtsae s ptereser/acitelmlinveeens tsth  oaanft d dhi se4er.8ab%sael   
urceossenp sooifdn hederer orth
bt nts a
6l9 m.6e%
bal m hoeaddvoiecx in nmeeve, ewdrihc eiilnxepe 3e m3r.i6oe%rnec  oee
dfi fcoeifnc tteih vmee o.r reBese pesofifdneedcste,i vn6et6s a. 4wn%dh o 3o 0tf.od adverse side effects with  4t
ok
thh%ee 
 
  st6hi0de.e8  u%efTshe
f oee o
cft tfsh h. eF resue r
irnlteb
a
 swa
lpll yom,n 3as ide
9
ned
.2%
 nticatisnn dr
 eoef the fmius t d
ea rnegsefp trohoneudmse  nhtoatsv ew eexrpe eorfie tnhcee vdi adveed i ew th
rsaet  
u(2s0e 0th7)r owuhgoh oiduetn thtiefi ewdo trhlde  ianncdre dwaissiictnh
t.
og vt pehrreee findi
 nhgusm oan health; while 
herbal remedies were equally or more dvea ftflhiecanatcc e8io 6ou.f 
fh Cerlebmale mnet,d eict ianle.  
ccmooeundntirtciribineuests i nafongr dt s otp hetehciierf  icisn uacsirltmeaaiensnei ts and diseases. A
6% believed that 
perception that herbal remedndige s up saoer pei unel fadfirecivtayec iloooupf 
lhseor, bst sht ehi namn da ojeorvrte hflaoocpdteoodxr  sin, ga ncdo uinn tsroimese  icsa tshees  
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m Patronage and Effect o f Herbai Medicine on Residents... 145
mocoon
fo L bruel  so tay cocaaousds  (
hc2lao0nt1 ta0inl)lopathice seriou gws a hsbiodil eirt eiee
 pmefsfoe (r
dicin
nditions such as haemcof
toerd  etxheaasm.t  Ihpte lherob, wgs ibenvekelgireo cv boeindlot trboaa dh iaacnvtsde  t aghinen  sesetfufnedgcy)t   
eionntchhleaurndsc i(neI gUth PaesA paCdi,r v2ine0r, 0sCe8l o)e.pffiedcotgsr 
topsfh f aoilnrita pi.c aoHtiaeiggnuhtls a dwnoti stahens cd eo arftn atgiina-p rblood-related el (Plavix), enoxaparin (Lollaivcte enmleotax yd) r, aualgnssdo,   
BpRaoetdsrioejana carogcmeh ma nQudun iuetsyse?t ioofn h e4r:b aDl om egdenicdineer  admiffoenregn tchees  iinnhflaubeintacnet st hoef  
Table 4: Showing distribution of respondents’ views on 
gender difference on the usage and patronage of herbal 
medicine
S t a t e m e n t s S A A S D D
aUms aogneg  mo af  l eh tehrabna lf e mm ea dl ei.c i n e  is  m o r e  p o p u lä r  5 2 .2 % 1 5 % 1 4 % 1 8 .8 %
aP ma tor onnga fgeem oa lfe  htehrabna lm ma lee.d ic in e  is  m o r e  p o p u lä r  4 0 % 2 0 % 1 5 % 2 5 %  ,
To3h2f bh.8lee%r b4 oa slh mowedsi cthinaet  67.2is more is mo
%re o pf othpeu lräers apmonodnegn mtsa alger teheadn t fheamt athlee,  uwshaiglee  
tfaehgmere apeladet  t
 phf otahpte ut hrläethan me
s rpp aaomtnrodents dronage aolfe h, w
on
ernhba
gialg
 emle  m 
is
4ao0lfe 
ah gtehrreaend f ethmaat lteh.e A ulssaog, e6.0o.f0 h%er breasl pmoenddiecninte.0% s
  
tmheadni cminaele t.h Iat nis w inofmererned. M froosmetd w tihcoi
b noaelf  me  th
eed riceisnpeo ins dmeonrtes  pdoispauglärer eadm tohnagt  
kinds of illnesses and those of them feinn
ids w imnhgoosr  aethr pea otp pmausoslsäintr g ma tmong female m who are have patroehnnri ozuuesdgeh  hh seeorrbbmaaell  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
m14e6d Funmilola E.use hiceirnbea ld meaeldeircsi 
.a Atk oinnyeo oye &ne. time 
 oMro tthuen roatyhoe 0r.,  wOyheibleam wi omen generally 
TpCahotern oscunlriuzvseediyo  bhnya st 
tEmoaa bsitno, ttahOi nyh oear  pbSaatral at
hmee.ade it evidendy clear that herbal medicine is highly 
not mutually eaxlnlce
  inT
ldlu  s
hhaeb istuanrvts of Bodijia co
soeirvtt eoh.f o TOdhroieex
e
 n 
y
umt
 a
saeet
lidsrosi
on  cwsin 
dem
ialelns ad, 
o
l awm
mm
nnst
urnatiteys  inth I
aadyy ts bh eeam tp bobsoriatthi
bavtae dluya Syssce w hto
ner rNiseo nrcth- 
of them has to offer so far as its use brings the desired eramets seu aa
taernde   
beFmien bdaei npdgadsre tidn o dinfi c ttahhteee   stha
ch 
inohctia atbr
lts. 
l iaatdanindtit ocsun olatflu  aBrnaodld s miejitoaud pce oornmf  tmmheeu dpnieictoiynp elbese .wcailul saelw iat yiss  
rRBeaecsocemodm monem nthedena tdfiian1. Governmeonn
dd
ts
io nwngessr ea  
nmda cdoen: clusions of this study, the following 
Stryasdteitmio,n iafl i thse grobmaaull  msotfe  admcichaikineeev  iisnnegtro i“ othhueesa  mlethoff dofoerrrt nsa  lhtle”o a islft uthol lc yba erien dteelgi2. Traditional medical practitioners should inde  reali
vrzaeertdey.  
iannttoa goortnhisotdso wx hmoe cdoiucaldl  phruarctt itchee  ahse aagltehn otsf  othfe cehda bneg ein rcaotrhpeorr tahtaend  3. Aaaln lS dbt aohnaerdrdabsra dm huesta blteh s ceat ruep r feogru allal tmoery framewor
 sko tchieatty they tdical practitioners  icnu otsr tahc
rreoastodoxs
.  
4. Tsocrritaehdnoittdiifooicxn  a
l medicine.
5. All stakehh
Slet haaneltdrbaolderhs c
aradl rpse,r  aSsycots ittthioant etrhse my ucastn a blseo  ienmtebgrraactee dt hien tuos et hoef  
ipnudti gmeonroeu esf pforratc tini t(tigooon tveaerpsrp.n iBm
em.
nyge s hnoet d raboniandl g mi,ndividuals/privcourses on how to document plan ttesrd aaiicnniidnn agtls hk aenniord w tehlde
adteg)e  mfroumst  
properties for future generations could be organeuirczaaeptdieo unftoaicrl  
rraH it inna l hp rho l  n rn rr i f in n o rc
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
6. It is fur Patronage and Effect of Herbai Medicine on Residents... 147ionf  thheerb ptahrli epnrrc soiupdgluegcset ssot, fea dhn ytdhg tiaehtn eh eae,dr abmnaildn p itrshatrecat bittiriooannn eadrnisnd sg hd aoonusdaldg p eba eoc ftk rdaargiunignesdg.  
RAsetfinnea,r Jtei.n (c1e9sAya2n7tu9n,o jni1,a 5l
94 s88tu-)1.d 5yWhy patients use alternative medicines: results of 
BandaranayJ .a k (20
5. 3J.ournaLea, 02). The 
lM oef dicin American Medicine Association, 
Manadg arzeignue,latiogWon.s  M,o pf.  . (h22e80r.0b6al) . dQruua
eli twy ictohn Ht ealth Appeal. The Teil 
Belonwu, M. C. (2011). Attit gs, in mo
rol, screening, toxicity, 
iTnu tmhien gtr Meaetdmiceinnat la Pnlda nmtsa into Drugs, pp. 2study of Anambra State. unDdaeeggser tmeoe e aonnftd  Mo ufas smet eao
d5fe- t5rran7 . phytomedicine. 
Development Studies (IDS) Universityof Nirlga orfi aS
d ciinitei onNnciagel e meria, Enugu( rCMia
e
a.m:
dS iCcainsee  
BBoisdsReekta,et Nor,n . C,G F.,.  LB(:1 oC9dR9eC4ke) P.r 
cp)u isn. 
r,H eGesrs.,b. Oaln Dgr, uCg. sI Can, Gd rPuhnydtoyp, hCa. rKm.,a Bcueurftoical. Boca SOhregian
rd, G ., & 
Brevaoo
n
vr
dt ,Aerv n
, 
lt
iRei
Kz.e wa
 (t2io0n05). WHO Global Adas of Traditional Complementaiy rnativ
Calapai, G. ((. 1290908
. e) . MTehdeic ibnoeo. mGeinnge vUa,S  Sbwoittzaenrilcaand: World Health 8). European l eg3i3sHla-t8io. n on herlb mal amrkeedti:c ian ense: wA Herbal Gram., 44:ClemMlooefef.i,n
k
c 
 into th
atG,c oYym.  oNef hs.,
e M fuotrutroen. -GDirt  ut
in Trinidad., e rNb.a, l Jraenmjeudai,e 
egMn S,.a  Jfa.e,n,  dB3 aS2s by userss aid
:n4e28-4ccgoeh,s ,sL iAn.,
3 . B1g p(l
.2arid0me0as7r,) yA.  h.P,e eFarlrctahencivcaeirsde,   
DurKu.,  CC.. , BA.g, uUnwwaBakM,w CCe.  C, CoK.m.,  AIpw.l,e umC, hAein.n tCoam.r,y &n as nd Alternativdemographic determinants of herbaMol ,me Nree.d nCiuc.,i,  nMI.e A bua
ec Mhei,d 1ic.1in., eD, i7w, e4,. 
among Nigerian women attending clinics in a t.es e(r2 tii0na1 rpy6r )eh.g oSnsopacniitcoay-l  
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
148i nlmFuon mStilaotlae ,E S. oAuktinhy-oEoayset ,& N Migoeturinar.a yo O. OyebamiIUPSA AmericaSttCua dnTideeasc,r h4dni(zi 1ca)at:i1lo -Rn1,e0 pa. nordt .d o(c2u0m08e)n. taPtriootno ocof lhs
n o Jonu sranfal ofMedicine 
Levine, S. M ., W erbal me
etdyi,c ienfef.i cacy, Pure 
Canodm Applpelmieedn Cthaeerbmisexperience, and yae trati-n
tLrdye ,v tudea
8iln0tee, ,r (n1Ma0.t) i,vL 2e.,1  m9&5 e-Md2i2ac3yab0l e.prrrayc, tRic.e sM: . tr(a2i0n0in3g),.  
LucaT3sh1, e8-326, (
s of a primary care medical school faculty. 
G J. oNu.r naJlu olyf)t.he American Board oMukheijee,R(2W01 (02)0. 0H2e)r . 7b6a-l 7m8e. dicine and c
fh Filadmreinly.  Practice, 16 (4), Sri Lanka Journal 
of Child Health, 39:
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iIcsahlosr. ,N Dew Delhi, In alincda tSioernv. Gioc.f e U(s2 ri0nb1 aN3ni) gD.
d Tia:ewrhieae
 Bousilnle rUresrt
ne
 ibPcaaa
ss 
tl ro
H
ov
oernar
i
gv
zioene ow
s 
f  
ParlIen Mte.r, n&a tBioannasal lJ.o Nu6.r -n(12a40l. 0o6f) D. eHveelrobpaml menetd aicnidn eSsu:s taarien tahbeiWHO. (2004). y
n Centres’. 
li stya,f e2?  (1).Nat. 
Prod’Rad., 5 :
Guidelines on safety monitoring of herbal medicines in 
WorpOlhdra gHramGlobe
naiz
aal l
ctaohtv iOiognrilg.ance SSurvey. aGneizna
ys
etviao
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