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T O  II uCTIOnI IN I NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Copyright © 2002 Animal Science Association of Nigeria.
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Association of Nigeria.
ISSN 978-34777-2-2
Re-typesetting and formatting by:
J. A. Olanite: Department of Pasture and Range Management;
A.O.Osofowora: Department of Animal Nutrition;
O.S. Akinola: Department of Animal Production and Health;
College of Animal Science anc Livestock Production 
University of Agriculture, P. M. B. 2240, Abeokuta, 
Nigeria.
Published by
The Animal Science Assoc iation of Nigeria 
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GOAD Educational Publishers,
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Copies of the Proceedings can be purchased from:
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r p  . n i  „  „  / - A / ~ v \ T r r r ' \ i r r r '
__L_________ I U r  I IL1V I ^
TITLE i AUTHORS ADDRESS PAGE
ANIMAL BREEDING AND GENETICS
X-Chromatin (Drumstrick) status of a male West W/.'Lh,* s: NI D I K'T 1
African Dwarf (WAD) goat (Buck) with unilateral Berepubo.N.A ■
crytorchidism
M.G Ogburia
Visible genetic profiles and phenotypic variation in Adebambo.A.O UNAAB 4
the West African Dwarf Goats Oxoje.M.O. 
Anumuda, C.O & 
Peters. S.O
Genetic parameters estimates of preweaning growth Abdullah.A.R UI 9
traits ofN ’Dama calves as affected by management Olutogun.O
periods
ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY AND REPRODUCTION
Oestrous behaviour and reproductive performance of Berepubo. N.A RIJST 12
female rabbits fed raw soybean-supplemented diets Okere.I I.C 
Ekweo/or.I.K.E
The effect of physiological status on some blood Avvojobi. I I.A OOU 14
parameters of the New Zealand white doe rabbits Opiah.G.O
Effects of breeds and parity on milk yield of red Butswat.I.S.R ATBU 17
Sokoto and Sahel goals Zahraddeen.D 
Mancha.Y.P 
DachoIlom.C.C
Effect of doe physiological state on nutrient lyeghe-Erakpotobor.G.T ABU 21
()y ed i pe. E. O.. Ed u v i e, L. O 
Ogwu.D. Olorunju.S.A.S
Ovarian morphology in adult fed crude oil- Ovuru.S.S RUST 24
LUIIltlllllllillCU UILlb
Motility and fertility of boar sperm stored in diluents UgWu.S.O.C ESUT 29
containing raffia palm [Raffia hookeri) sap at room Nwike.M
! Changes in udder dimension of West African Dw arf. James. 1. J..Oshiowo (). A.. UNAAB JO
Red Sokoto and Sahel goats during lactation and their Ozoje. M. ().. Boibaku. W.
phenotypic relationship with partial daily milk yield (). and f animo. A. ().
' (PDM)
Blood Chemistry and histopathologv of cockerels fed Oloredc. B. R. Saidu. Y.. UDU 38
cassava Hour Abdurahim. I. Ajagbonna. P. 
[• O. and Akinlove. (). A.
Effect of Crude inhibition the attainment of pubert\ Egbunike. G. N. UI 41
and ovarian activities in layers in the humid tropics
Performance and serum rapids of growth-stimulated Egbunike. (i. N.. Archibong. UI 44
broiler finishers fed cassava peel based diets I.O.
ANIMAL HEALTH
Disease management in cane-rat (Thrvonomvs Eayenuwo J. (). : Schraue. R; OAU 51
I swinderianus Te mini nek) Eajimi. A. K.: Adebayo. A. 
().: Oluokun: Taiwo. A. A.; 
Akande. M: Adebowale. E.
A. Ajavi. S. S. and Adu. E. 
K.
Anthelmintic efficacy of pawpaw (Carica papaya) Adu. 0. A. and Akinebovc. PUT A 47
latex in poultry K. A.
Tetracycline residues in marketed layer birds in Dipeolu M. A. and Osikalu UNAAB 55
Lagos and Ibadan metropolis R. O.
Efficacy of virucine and solution A in the control of Adu. O. A. and Ajikobi A. IT JT A 58
gulmboro disease in broiler A.
Anthelminitic resistant strain of llaemoncliiis sp in a 1 alabi. /\. ().: oyekunle. M. OOU 6 0
bull A.: Olani\ i. M ().: Alaka 0.
(). Alaka: 1 alekeO. (). and _________________ i________
X
UNIVERSITY 
F IBADAN LIBRARY
Alayande, M. 0.
Susceptibility of Cattle to Fasciola and Folorunso. 0. R.: Ayodele. FCA, Akure 63
Faramphistomum species infection as influenced by A. 0.; Fadiyimu, A. A. and 
Ace and Sex Olowu. (). P. A.
1 ox icily in rats ol the ectoparacidal drug Coumaphos Amaechi. N. MOUAU 65
(asuntoICK))
MONOGASTRIC NUTRITION
Performance of weaner rabbits fed supplemented Bamgbose.A.M. Abimbola UNAAB 69
Tridaxprocitmbens diets Morenikej i.Olaycmi. 
W.A.Osofowora.A.p, 
Oso,A.O & Ojo.O.T
Idled of enzyme supplementation on the utilization Oduguwa.0.0, UNAAB 71
of shrimp waste-meal based diets by broilers chickens Fan i m o. A .0... .1 egede. S. 0. 
Kolajo.S.O Efuntoye,A.S
Effect of residual trypsin inhibitor and Em io lad. A, LAUTECII 75
heamagglutinin in differently processed kidney bean Ologhobo.A.D.
seeds on feed intake and performance characteristics Adedeji. O.S,
of broilers Akanj i ,T. A ..01 ayem i, T. B
Effect of methionine and lysine supplementation on Lawal. A.S. ABSU 78
organoleptic properties of broilers chicken Ojewole.G.S &
Bamgbose. A. M
Effect of feeding varying levels of grasshopper meal Ojevvole. G.S. MOUAU 82
on the carcass yield and economy of broiler Eburuaja,A.S & 
production Lawal. A.S
Performance of weaner pigs fed varying dietary levels Onyimonvi.A.E & UNN 85
of bambara (Voandzeia subterranean Thouars) w aste Okeke, G.C
Influence of dietary treatments on the fat-free dry Oruvvari.B.M RUST 88
matter body composition in the rabbit 1 ronkwe. M .O &. 
Mgbere.O.O
The replacement value of maize bran for maize in Afolayan.G.G FP.Kaura-Namola, 91
broilers finisher diets Olorede.B.R: IJktU < >. 
Junaidu.A.UJ'animo.A.O
I he effect of inclusion of selected agricultural by­ Okwvofeso.O Adeyemi College 94
products and yeast culture on the productive of Education
performance of pigs
Utilization of different levels of Gliricidia leaf meal AdejuinoJ.O Adeyemi College 98
by growing rabbits of Education
Determination of optimum methionine and lysine Biobaku.W.O. UNAAB 101
requirements for growing rabbits ( )ladipupo.O.O
Substitution of maize with cassava peel leaf meal Okoye.F.C \ / i r w  i a  i  i 1 0 / 1I V I U U A U
(CPLM) as energy source in the diet of broiler 
finishei s
Replacing groundnut cake with cashew waste meal in Faniyi.G.F 0  YSCOED 106
the diet of pullet chicks
Inclusion of discarded cashew kernel in the diets of Faniyi.G.F OYSCOED 109
cockerel chicks
1 Iaemalological and serum chemistry values of Akinmutimi.A.11 MOUAU 1 12
broiler finisher birds fed cooked and toasted limabcan Oke.U.U
based diets
Effect of quantitative replacement of soyabean meal Akinmutimi.A.11 MOUAU 115
w ith cooked Mucuna utilis seed meal on blood Abasiekong.S.F
constituent values of broiler finisher birds
Performance characteristics of broilers fed vary ing Ososanya.T.() U.l 118
levels of salt Ompjola.A.B
Prediction of cow pea seed protein quality through Okc.D.B. oou 121
total sulphur determination Oke.M.O.. Adeyemi. O.A
Evaluation of the nutritive value of some tropical Arijeniwa.A AAU 124
legumes in raw state for weaner rabbits: performance, lgene.F.lJ
carcass and organ weights
The feeding value of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) seed Ani.A.O UNN 128
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
meal to broiler starter chicks Okeke.G.C
The performance of growing rabbits fed ration Dairo.F.A.S LASPOTECH 131
containing rumen content Ania. O..Asafa.A.R
Effect of enzyme supplementation on digestibilies OgbonnaJ.U FCAHT. 134
and nutrient utilization of cassava peel meal-based Oredein.A.O Moor-Plantation
layers’ diet Rail mon, D. A..Adedej i.A
Enrichment of ricehiisk by fermentation with macro Belewu.M. A., Yousuf.M .B. UNILORIN 136
and micro fungi for livestock feed Aderolu.Z.O.,Banjo.N.O. 
Fawole.O.B Ajibade.A.O
Effect of supplemental feed additives on the Ogbamgba.K.O RIAR&T.PH 139
performance of broilers Wekhe.S.N.Jgoni.D.U
Evaluation of rumen content on the grow th Whyte.E.P FCAHPT.Vom 143
performance of weaner rabbits Wadak.I
Energy value of some non-conventional feeding Agunbiade.J.A OOU 147
Materials in poultry diets Odulate.A.O
Adevemi.O.A.. Faiwo.A.A
i Nutrient retention, carcass measurement, intestinal AdemolaS.G LAUTECH 151
and organ dev elopment of broilers fed copper- Babtunde.G.M 
supplemented diets with two levels of yeast and Onifade,A.A..Odu.O 
bacitracin Farinu.G.O.. Amae.O.A
The growth performance of broilers led copper- Ademola.S.G LAUTECH 154
supplemented diets with two levels of v east and 1 arinu.G.O..Onilke.A.A 
antibiotics Aderinola.O.A 
Babatunde.G.M
Replacement value of cooked pigeon pea (Cajanus Etuk.E.B FUTO 157
cajan) seed meal for soybean meal and maize in Udedibie.A.B.I
broiler finisher diet Obikaonu.H.O
Effect of replacing maize with yam peel meal on the ljaiya.A. F FUT. Minna 161
growth performance of weaner rabbits Awonusi.E.A
Respone of broiler starters fed diet with high-lev el Abubakar.A UDU 164
inclusion of wheat offal supplemented with Garlic Bashar. YA
(Allium s a i l  rum) Obabon.A .Ahmed. 1 G
Effect of raw and processed Mucuna (Mucuna lyayi. E.A UI 167
prune ns) seed meal on the performance and egg 
qualities of laying hens
Hypo-cholesterolmic effects of cassava root sievate in Idowu.O.M.O UNAAB 170
laying chickens diets Odu wefo.A ..Eru vbet i ne.D
RUMINANT NUTRITION
Nutrition evaluation..!*!'browses. Glyrichlia sepium Bawala T. O. and UI 174
and Ficus (honinyii foliage in goat diet: 2: Energy Akinsoyinu. A. O.
utilization and required
Effect of supplementation of Poultry Droppings meal Akangbe. F. G. and UI 177
on the Live weight changes of West African Dwarf Adelcye, 1. O. A.
Sheep
Dry matter protein degradabilities by WAD goats of Arigbede. 0 . M.. .Olanile. J. UNAAB 1X0
some feed ingredients sold inAbeokula. South West. A. Alaba. ().: Jolaosho. O. S. 
Nigeria Onifade and Magret. O.
Egbetav o.
Physiological age and weight at maturity in N Dainu Mgbere (). O. and < Hutogun. R LIST 1X4
cattle raised on semi-improved tropical pasture o "
Dry matter consumption and body weight changes in Ahamefule.F. ().: 1 Milan. MOUA U 1X9
West African Dwarf(WAD) sheep exposed to A.; Amaechi. N. and 
modified fislulntion technique Akomas. S. C.
Pasture nutrient v ariations relative to blood profile of Ayodele. A. O. and < )logun. FCA. Akure 192
VDama cows in south western Nigeria A. G.
Effect of drying methods on the mineral composlion Maigandi. S. A. and UDU 196
of lore-stomach digesta(Fsd) Owanikin. (). T.
PASTURE AND RANGE MANAGEMENT
Plant height and Tillering density of Panic uni Akangbe. F. G. and Akinola. LANTECH 199
maximum cv. T 5X as inllueneed by five levels of JO. ________
xii
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UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
nitrogen fertilizer application and cutting 
frequencies.
Cheirlical compostion of edible portions of selected Oji, U. 1. RUST 201
browse species of the humid forest zone Ndiomu. F. 0.
Effect of spacing on the vegetati ve growth, dry Nworgu, F. C.and Onuh, E. I.A.R. & T 205
matter and pod yield of groundnut (Arachis E. Ibadan,
hypogaea)
Variations in the population and viability of seeds Jolaosho. A. 0.; Olanite, J. UNAAB 209
dispersed by the faeces of rumin; nt animals during A.; Arigbede, 0. M.: 
the wet season in Southwest Nigeria Onifade. 0. S.; Oke. 0. 0.; 
Olorode. P. A.: Oduguwa, B. 
0. and Ibitoye.'R. A.
Estimation of nutrient contents of some selected Aina. A. B. J. A. & UNAAB 212
grasses as affected by age at cuttings Onw ukwe S. C.
Cutting interval effect on the dry matter yield. yield Olanite, .1. A.: Arigbede. 0. UNAAB 215
distribution and quality of two Pan 'cum species on a M.; Onifade. O. S.: Jolaoso 
lateritic soil at abeokluta, southwest irn Nigeria and J. A. Akin lade. J. A.
Forest yield, chemical composition, feed intake anc Akinlade. T: Farinu. G. 0.: LAUTECH 218
dry matter digestibility of two styloswthes cultivu; Ojeleye. T. Y. Gbadamosi. 
by West African Dwarf Goats A. .1. and Aderinola. O. A.
Sustainability of Tephrosia bractec ate as forage for Babayemi. (). J. U. I. 221
the West Africap Dwarf Goats in Ni geria
Chemistry composition of some plants used as feed Bello. K. M ' ATBU 224
for rabbits in Bauchi metropolis.
Nutritive profiling of selected forage legume seeds -  Ajetunmobi. A. W. AOCOED 228
A preliminary study
Effect of solitary and integrated use of cattle manure Adekinle, 1. 0.: Azeez. J. O. UNAAB 230
and fertilizer phosphorus on the productivity and and Oniyide. S. B.
fodder quality of two Mucuna species in a surface 
Tropical Alfisol
ANIMAL PRODUCTION AND M \NAGEMENT
Fetal wastage in pigs slaughter of pregnai sows -  A Onu. .1. E. UDIJ 234
retrospective study at Nsukka slaughter h use
Comparative productive indieces of Mut ru. Nvveze. B. ().: Alaku. S. (). Ebonyi State Univer: 236
N’Dama and their Crossbred calves unde1 field and and Omeje, S. I. Univer. of ’l ech.. 
stall-fed condition Enugu.
Factors affecting the preweaning growth Dare. A. L. and Akinokun. .1. OAU. 239
performance of the 0.
West African dwarf
Preliminary study on reproduction, growth and Taivvo. B.B.A. and Oyedele. OOU 243
carcass traits of rabbits A. A.
Growth performance and economics of cockerels fed 0  lorede. B. R. .Sa id u. Y UDU 247
cassava flour based diets Abdu.I.M..Akinlove.O.A
ANIMAL PRODUCTS TECHNOLOGY
Internal quality parameters of exotic chickep eggs Malami.B.S UDU 249
under different storage conditions and seasons in Kwaido.A.A
semi-arid environment
The effect of coagulant preparation on the yield of Jibrii.M UDU 252
Wara (Nigerian White Cheese) Mohammed.l
Yield and payability of Wara made using varying Jibrii.M UDU 254
levels of cow milk and soyabeans milk Ribah.M.I
Variation in slaughter house management and their Taiwo, B.B.A. and Oyedele. OOU 257
effects on small ruminant products in Ogun Stale A. A.
Towards the standardization of indigenous kilishi H assan, W. A UDU 261
recipes Abdu.S.D
A rapid assessment of dressing -  out percentage lor 1 lassan.W.A UDU 265
Sokoto Red goats / Idris. A
MICRO-LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION _______________  _______ _______________ _̂_____
Effect of parent body weight on the growth rate of | Adclekc. M. A. Adclevc. R. \ UNAAB j 269 |
xiii
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UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN
LIBRARY
giant African land snails'{Archanchatina marginal a) B. Osinowo. O. A.
under unrestricted feeding
1 ■ fleet of feed on the growth and reproduction rateof I nail. E. 1.: Smith. (). F. A lie. UNAAB 272
African giant land snail A. ().
Panelistic appraisal of growing giant land snails 1 Iamzal. R. A.: Omole. A. .1.; GRIN. Ibadan 275
(Archachat ina marginatci)\(.\ kola testa-based diets Ayodeji. A. (). and Longe. 
^ under kola plantation CXG. ‘
Effect of supplementing fresh pawpaw' leaf diet with Amoa. 0. A.: Oladunjoye. I. LAUTECH 277
different milling by -  products on the growth 0. and aderogba. A. A.
performance of African giant snails (Archachatina 
marginal a)
Effect of the incorporation of cassava and pawpaw Kehinde. A. S.: Adebayo. Federal College of 2X1
plant parts in the ration of growing\snaiIs. ().: Usman. .1. M.: Odidi. S. Forestry
(archachat ina margincita E. and Akinyemi. 0.
RURAL SOCIOLOGY AND LIVESTOCK ECONOMICS
End to the perennial egg glut! Egg marketing to the Odunowo Adebayo Bimba Agro 286
| rescue Livestock Co. Ltd
Utilization of crop -  livestock production s\ stems Fakoya. E. 0, UNAAB 290
for sustainable agriculture in Oyo state
Identification of information needs of Farmars in Fakoya. E. (). and Eniola UNAAB 294
Rabbits production in Ondo state Fabusoro
Socio -  Cultural factors affecting Livestock fakoya. E. (). and and UNAAB 299
production systems of Agropastoral ist in the Derived ( )loruntoba. A.
Sav anna zone of Oyo state, Nigeria
Farmers' use of improved poultry management Fakoya, E. 0. UNAAB 302
practices in Osun slate
Morbidity levels of Small Ruminants in Odeda Osunkeye, 0 . J. and iposu. UNAAB 306
Local Government Area ofOgun state. Nigeria S. O.
An economic analysis of poultry production system Alabi. R. A. and San uel. K. U. I 311
in Ondo state I).
An analysis of factors affecting mortality rale in the Alabi. R. A. and far mva. 1 AAU. Ekpoma 314
poultry industry in Edo state. Nigeria
Analysis of small scale fish processing and Ala, A. L. and Umar. M. B. UDU 319
marketing in argungu local government area of 
Kebbi state
Socio- economic assessement of livestock insurance Nwosu. C. S. IMOSU 323
in Imo state. Nigeria
Performance of West African Dwarf Goat in Osikoya. I. E. and Adesina. LASPOTECH 328
selected communities of Lagos state A. A *
Comparative study of slaughtered ruminant animals Alemede. I. C. FUT. Minna 332
in some se'ected local government areas of Niger 
stale.
Cattle marketing in Ibadan: performance and Adebayo. ().: Usman. .1. M.; Federal College of 336
prospects for de\ dopment Kehinde. A. S. and Odidi. S. Forestry, Ibadan
Economic analysis of snail farming in Ibadan. Oyo Akinlyemi. O. Usman. J. Federal College of 339
state. Nigeria M.; Adebayo, 0. and Forestry. Ibadan
Kehinde. A. S.
Ihe impact of extension programmes on livestock Adu, A. 0 . Adejoba. 0. R. Federal College of 341
production in Saki-West local Government Area of OsiLabor. B. and Salavvu. H. Forestry. Ibadan
oyo stale
Economic analysis of poultry egg production in Usman. J. M.; Adebayo. 0.: Federal College of 344
Ibadan. Nigeria Kehinde. A.S. and Odidi, Forestry, Ibadan
D. S.
OTHERS
Replacement of fish meal with candled-out poultry Oyewole.S.O.O OYSCOED 346
egg meal in broilers chicks Salami.R.I
Adeola.A.A
1 Effects of low energy diets on performance of Oyebiodun G. Longe. UI 349
broilers housed in thermoneutral and heat-stressed Tcetre.R.G
environments
X IV
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Comparative (Visual and Condition) scoring of Zebu AbanikanndaX). 1 .F LASU,Ojo 352
cattle in Lagos State Leigh.A.O
Linear measurements based discriminant Abanikannda.O.T.1 LASU,Ojo 355
classification of Zebu cattle in Lagos State. Leigh.A.O U1
Olutogun.O
Effects of different nitrogen sources on the gro vth Idovvu.A.B UNAAB 357
and the nutritional value of the African gaint si ail Ademolu.K.O
Archachatina marginata. Mahiana.C.I
Osinowo.O.A
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I
Proc. 7'h Ann. Conf, Anim. Sci. Ass. o f  Nig. (ASAN), Sept. 16-19,  2002, Univ. ofAgric., Abeokuta, Nigeria
Performance Characteristics of Broilers Fed Varying Levels of Salt
T.O. Ososanya and A.B. Omojola 
Department o f Animal Science, University of Ibadan. Ibadan
Introduction Materials and Methods
Experimental evidence on the amount of salt Presented in Table 1 is the composition of the 
required by chicks varies considerably five diets formulated for the study. Diet 1 served 
[Ososanya and Omojola, (1988). Salt, a as a control [0 % salt] with the remaining four 
compound containing sodium and chloride ions diets containing graded levels of salt at 0.5, 1.0, 
bound together by ionic bond, functions in 1.5 and 2.0 %. One hundred and fifty day old 
various ways. Nesheim et al (1979) reported that While Ih bro broiler chicks with approximately 
sodium and chloride ions are the principal the same average initial live weights were 
inorganic ions of the body fluids. Also, sodium randomly divided into ten groups, each group 
ion is found chiefly in fluids outside cells such containing fifteen birds. Two groups were 
as blood, lymph and intracellular fluids. Also it assigned to each of the five experimental diets in 
was reported that sodium is important in a complete randomized design. The broiler 
maintaining acid-base and fluid balance of body chicks were weighed initially before they were 
tissues (Epple and Stetson, 1980). Likewise subjected to experimental treatments and were 
chlorine is a constituent of hydrochloric acid subsequently weighed at the end of each week 
secreted by the proventriculus. Ganong (1983) for a feeding trial of ten weeks. Weekly feed 
reported that sodium helps in the transportation intakes were also observed for the determination 
of nerve impulses. The transport is made of the feed conversion efficiency. The moisture 
possible by adenosine diphosphate, which is content of the faecal droppings was determined 
activated by sodium, and potassium ions to form at the fifth and tenth weeks. Four birds were 
sodium-potassium activated adenosine randomly selected from each diet and transferred 
triphosphate. In addition, sodium is an important to metabolic cages. The droppings were 
element needed in the function of the collected for five days after three days of 
eiectrogenic pump. In animals, the maintenance adjustment. Droppings collected were weighed, 
of normal cell volume and pressure depends on oven dried at 105 °c for 24 hours. The oven- 
Na+ and k+ pumping. In the absence of such dried droppings were cooled in desiccators and 
pumping, Cf and Na+ would enter the cells subsequently reweighed. The chicks were 
causing the cells to swell until the pressure vaccinated by intra-ocular administration against 
inside the cell balances the influx. However, this Newcastle disease on the first week and 
does not occur because the osmolality of the vaccinated against infectious bursal disease by 
cells remains the same as that of their interstitial oral administration on the third week. The 
fluids because Na+ and k+ are actively broiler chicks were fed ad libitum and given 
transported (Maynard and Loosli, 1975; Hall. fresh water twice daily. All observed data were 
1980). Therefore, subjected to analysis of variance [Steel and 
Torrie, I960], Where means were significantly 
Common salt requirement for poultry is different, they were separated with Duncan’s 
primarily a requirement for sodium rather than Multiple Range Test [Duncan, 1955],
chlorine. It is used in the ration as an appetizer 
as well as a nutrient in order to stimulate the Results and Discussion
secretion of saliva and promote the action of The performance characteristics of broiler chicks 
certain enzymes. The purpose of this study was fed v arious levels of salt are presented in Table 
to assess the performance of broilers when fed 2. The average feed consumption per week per 
different levels of salt in their rations observing bird showed a progressive increase as the level 
the following parameters; body weight gain of salt in the diets increased. However
(WG), feed intake (FI), moisture content of the differences in means were not significant. 
droppings (MCD) and feed conversion This is in contrast to the findings of Quigley and 
efficiency (FCE). Waite (1932) who ascribed a reduced growth
1 1 8
UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY
Proc. 7'h Ann. Conf, Anim. Sci. Ass. o f Nig. (ASAN), Sept. 16 -  19, 2002, Univ. o f  Agric., Abeokuta, Nigeria
rate to the non-palatability of' diets and inclusions outside this range suggested 
depression in feed consumption as the level of depressions in growth rate. Putting the
salt increased. Means observed for weight gain economics of litter management into
per week indicated a linear increase from 0 % to consideration, this study suggests the optimum 
1.5 % salt inclusion, then a decline at 2.0 %. level of salt inclusion into broilers’ rations to be 
From this observation it appears that the 1.0 %.
optimum body weight gain is obtainable from a 
diet containing 1.5 % salt, while the diet References
containing 1.0 % compared favourably. These Barlow, J.S., Slinger, S.J. and Zimmer, R.P. 
observations are in agreement with those of (1948). J. Gerontol. 2: 110-115.
Halpin. Holmes and Hert (1936), in contrast to Bearse, G.E. and Berg, L.R. (1946). Washington 
the optimal level of 1.0 % reported by Barlow, et Agr. Exp. St. Bull. 482, 56th Ann. Rpt. Pp 86- 
al (1948). A linear increase in the moisture" 87.
content of the droppings of the experimental Duncan, D.B. (1955). Biometrics. 11: 1-42. 
birds was also observed as the level of salt in the Epplc, A. and Stetson, M.H. (1980). Academic 
diet increased. This was probably due to the Press pp 482.
concomitant increase in fluid intake as the level Forbes, G.B. (1962). Cormer and Bronner. Aca. 
of salt in the diets increased. This illustrated the Press. New York.
attempt of the birds to maintain isotonicity of the Ganong, W.F. (1983). Lange Medical 
body fluid. The observation is in agreement with Publication.
those of Halpin et al (1936) and Kare and Beily Hall, H.T.B. (1980). Oxford Oniv. Press. Pp 
(1948), who reported that the water intake per 128.
gram of feed consumed increased progressively Halpin, .I.G., Holmes, C.E. and Hert, E.B. 
with an increase in the level of salt in broilers’ (1936). Poul. Sci. 15:99-103.
diets. Forbes (1962) also stated that raising salt Kare, M.R. and Biely, .1. (1948). Poul. 27: 751- 
levels increased water intake and the moisture 758.
content of droppings. The result of the FCE for Maynard, L.A. and Loosli, J.K. (1975). McGraw 
the experimental diets suggested a belter Hill Publ. Inc. pp 183.
performance on a diet containing 1.0 % salt. Nesheim, M.C., Austic, R.E. and Card, L.E. 
Birds on diet containing 0.5 % compared (1979). Lea and Febiger, Philadelphia.
favourably. This is in agreement with the result Ososanya, T. O. and Omojola, A.B. (1988). B.Sc 
obtained by Bearse and Berg (1946), and Dissertation. Dept, of Animal Sc. Ibadan.
Partrick and Schaible (1980). Patrick, I I. and Schaible, J.P. (1980). Poul. Feed 
and Nutrition. 2nd Ed. Pp 187-189.
Conclusion Quigley, G.D. and Waite, R.H. (1932). 
From results observed, the inclusion into broiler Maryland Exp. St Bull. 340: 343-370.
chicks’ diets salt at 0.5 % to 1.5 % did not Steel, R.G.D. and Torric, J.H. (1980). McGraw 
appear to elicit negative effects on the utilization Hill, New York.
of nutrients to weight gain. Levels of salt
Table 1 Composition o f Experimental Diets
Ingredients Dietary Salt
1 [0 %i 2 )0.5 %} 3 [ 1.0 %J 4 [ 1.5 % j 5 [2.0 %]
Maize 55.0 54.5 54.0 53.5 53.0
Groundnut cake 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0 25.0
Soyabean meal 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0 7.0
Fish meal 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Brewer’s Dry Grain 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0 5.0
Di-calcium Phosphate 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Bone meal 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0
Vit. Min. Premix 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Salt 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0
Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Calculated CP 20.23 20.30 20.25 20.20 20.15
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Proc. 7"' Ann. Con/, Aitim. Sci. Ass. o f Nig. fASAN), Sept. 16 -  19, 2002, Univ. o fA gric., Abeokula, Nigeria
Table 2. Performance characteristics of broiler chicks fed various levels of salt
Parameters Dietary treatments [Means ± S.L] Level of 
1 [0 %1 210.5 %1 311.0%1 4fl.5%! 512.0%] Significance
Av. I l/Weck (g) 412.85 463.67 500.59 543.59 563.33
±67.83 ±62.39 ±60.13 ±7-7.23 ±88.03 ns
Av. WG/Weck (g) 82.35a ' 127.35b 137.20b 143.35b 123.65b
±15.67 ±26.00 ±26.25 ±32.33 ±23.50 P<0.05
Moisture content 68.15a 69.00b 69l7b 72.10° 77.00d
of droppings (%) ±0.15 ±0.00 ±0.20 ±0.1(1 ±0.20 P<0.05
FCE (Feed/Gain) 4.28a 3.09b 3.06b 3.35c 3.63d
±0.26 ±0.14 ±0.08 ±0.10 ±0.04 P<0.05
ns= not significant; S.E.= standard error
a. b. c. d = means within the same row with different superscript are significantly different
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