N IG ER IAN JO U R N A L OF S O C IA L W ORK E D U C A TIO N U N IV E R S ITY OF IBADAN VOL. 19, ISSN 1119-28 IX JUNE, 2020 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOC IAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE UUn NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 ISSN 1119-28 IX June, 2020 Published by: Department o f Social Work University o f Ibadan, Nigeria IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE 2«2» TABLE OF CONTENTS Article Page 1. Personal Factors as Correlates of Marital Stability among Igbo Couples in Ibadan I - Stella ODIAKA, Ph.D and Nkeiruka A OMAII, Ph.D 2. Psychological factors as determinants predisposing to undergraduate students suicidal 13 ideations in Lagos State, Nigeria - Mercy Omosefe OMOZUSI, Ph.D, Olanrewaju Seun ADEGBITE, MSW, Opeyemi Oluwafikayomi BANJO, Ph.D and Eriadura Omoyebi AWOBODU, MSW 3. Indigenous Community Policing for a Seamless Security through West Nigeria Security 23 Network (Amoiekun) Amos Oycsoji AREMU. Ph.D 4. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) School in the Service of 31 Administration and Supervision In Nigeria Public Schools - Femi Sunday AKINWUMI, Ph.D, Sunday James FAREMI, Yemisi Oladunni OLATUNBOSUN 5. The Experience and Effects of Bullying Among Secondary School Students in 16 Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria - Olanrewaju Seun ADEGBITE, Christianah Omone MAKINDE, Maryann Chinemerem OKWUDIBA, Kayode Olutayo ADENIRAN 6. Vocabulary Knowledge and Grammatical Competence as Correlates of Senior 57 School Students' Achievement in Essay Writing in Ibadan North Local Government Area Maxwell Olakunle ARAROMI, Ph. D, Sheriff Olamide OLATUNJI 7. Influence of Parental Socio-Economic Factors on the Delinquent Behaviour among 67 Secondary School Students in Ibadan, Oyo State - Abdul-lateef B. ADEOTI, Abiodun ADEWOLE and Odinkemere Jecintha AMARACIII 8. Mentoring, Tutoring and Senior Secondary School Students’ Learning Outcomes 78 in Oyo State, Nigeria - Femi Sunday AKINWUMI, Ph.D and Yemisi Oladunni OLATUNBOSUN 9. Family Support System as a Predictor of Psychological Well-Being of the Elderly 88 In Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo Stale - Helen Ajibike FATOYE 10. Perceived Health Implications of Female Genital Mutilation on Women in Ibadan. 99 Oyo State - Patricia A. I AIWO, Ph.D and Ichella KINGSLEY 11. Teachers’ Instructional Quality and Evaluation Procedure as Correlates of Students’ I 15 Learning Outcomes in Secondary Schools in Southwestern Nigeria -Femi Sunday AKINWUMI, Ph.D, Gbadegesin Mutairu AKINLOYE and Yemisi Oladunni OLATUNBOSUN vi IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN .HU RN.AI. O f SOC’I/U WORK EDI ( \TlO N VO I J l M 12. Exploring Freedom of Religion as a Tool in Promoting Attitude of Nigerians 130 and Russians Toward Religious Tolerance *Yaktibu ADEOTI, Ph.D and Olaleye Samuel KAYODE, Ph.D 13. Perceived Social Support and Financial Well-Being as Predictors of Quality of Life 143 among Prison Inmate Spouses in Ogun State -Bukola Victoria BAD A, Adcbunmi Oycbisi OYEKOLA 14. Students' Social Entrepreneurship Knowledge, Skills and Attitude as Correlate of 155 Innovative Social Enterprise in University of Ibadan, Nigeria -Tolulope Victoria GBADAMOS!, Ph.D and Abosede Anne OKUNMUYI I 5. An Assessment of Barriers to Uptake of HIV Counselling and Testing among 165 Out-Of -School Youth in Ebonyi State, Nigeria - Ndidi Mercy OFOLE, Ph.D 16. Historicizing the Afro-Arabic Fiction in North Africa: The Challenges and I 76 Development -Adams Olufemi AKEWULA 17. ICT Adaptability and Job Output of Colleges of Education Lecturers in South- 183 western Nigeria - Femi Sunday AKINWUMI, Ph.D and Olawunmi TEMISANREN 18. Mental Health Services and Social Work at University Health Centres in Nigeria, 198 Ibukunoluwa T. FOWOWE, MSW, Patience Taiwo AJIKE,MSW and Oluwagbemiga OYJNJLOLA, MSW 19 Non-Formal Education Strategies for Curbing the Spread of Contagious Diseases 2 10 in Sub-Urban Communities Of Rivers State, Nigeria- R.S BELLGAMM.O.A EZIMAII, G. ADEKOLA, Ph D 20. Social Security Policy and the Old People of Ijebu-North Local Government 220 of Ogun State, Nigeria -Balogun Olukunle OLAGUNJU, Ph.D & Dare Rilwan AMUSA 21. Adult Education Mechanisms as Tools for Enhancing Peaceful Communal Conflict 231 Resolution in Nigeria - Fatai Akanji AKINKUNMI 22. Caregivers in Domestic Service and Nursing: The Case of Enslaved Women in Ancient 242 Roman Society - ’Goke A. AKINBOYE, Ph.D 23. Africa, the Aged and the Social Work Intervention -Adesola ADESOKAN, MSW 256 Adelunke EKINE, Ph.D 24. Workplace Frustration Induced Dissatisfaction Behaviour among Public School Teachers 271 in Akinyele Local Government Area Of Oyo State- Ihczie Donatus UKPABI, Ph.D. IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OE SOCIAL WORK E B U ATKJNVOL W JUNE JWU INFLUENCE OF PARENTAL SOCIO-ECONOMIC FACTORS ON THE DELINQUENT BEHAVIOUR AMONG SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS IN IBADAN, OYO STATE Abdul-lateef B. ADEOT1 E mail: abdullateefadeoti@gmai I .coin Abiodun ADEWOLE and Odinkcmcre Jecintha AMARACHI Department of Social Work, University of Ibadan, Ibadan Nigeria Abstract This study investigated the influence o f parental socio-economic factors on the delimpient behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area o f Ovo Slate. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design while Social Learning Theory was adopted as a theoretical guide Two hundred secondary school students were selectedf or the study using simple random sampling technique The research instruments used to collect data were the Parental education scale with a Cronbach alpha reliability o f 0.82; Parental income has a Cronbach alpha reliability off). 79; while Parental occupation has a Cronbach alpha reliability o f 0.84 and Delinquent behaviour has a Cronbach alpha reliability o f 0.89. The data collected were analysed, using Pearson's Product Moment Correlation at 0.05 level of significance. The findings revealed that there was a positive significant relationship between parental education and delinquent behaviour (r= .426, p < 0.05). There was a significant relationship between parental income and delinquent behaviour (r- .365, p < 0.05). There was significant relationship between parental occupation and delinquent behaviour (r =.429** p < 0.05). The study concluded that the financial strength o f a family could trigger delinquent behaviour among students. Consequently, it was recommended that parents and caregivers should endeavour to meet the needs o f their children and wards as this would make them not to engage in delinquent behaviours. Keywords: Parental education, Parental income. Parent income, Delinquent behavior Introduction Juvenile delinquency has been a serious alcohol beverages”. Goldson posited further problem affecting many nations worldwide that juvenile delinquency is suffusing, albeit (Hoge, 2001; Du Preez and Luyt. 2011; at variable levels. Juvenile delinquency is Ladokun, 2010). The problem is not a new fast becoming one of largest problems facing phenomenon at all. Goldson (2011) stated many societies due to many different factors that the problem is "as old as 'problem ranging from parental factors to bullying at families and the paranoiac discovery of schools (Mulvey, Edward, Carol. Schubert. 67 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JO I RNAl.OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. I* JUNE 2«2tt and He Len Chung, 2007). Juvenile and standards and the need for parental delinquency is an intractable problem directive. It is also a time for individuals to worldwide and has been increasing make significant decisions about their phenomenally by as much as 30 percent seriousness to academics, family, and since the 1990s (World Youth Report, cited perhaps sexual conduct. Many adolescents in Sheryln, 2008). Anti-social behaviours of manage this transformation better while young people have been posing a lot of others experience major crisis and find problems to the wellness of Nigerians. themselves engaging in risky conducts and Citizens, researchers and public officials delinquent acts. Chauhan (2007) also posited view juvenile delinquency as a major social that adolescence is the transient period of life contemporary concern in Nigeria. Juvenile in which the child experiences a number of crimes witnessed in Nigeria include: drug changes. The researchers further opined that abuse, cultism, bullying, truancy, in this period, great changes occur in the examination malpractices, prostitution, theft personality in all developmental spheres of and other socio vices (Ugwuoke, 2010; individuals. During this period of Sanni, Udoh, Okediji, Modo and Ezeh, adolescence, young people begin to distinct 2010). themselves from their family, to join people Adolescence has been viewed by various of same age. Nothing can be more scholars as a period of many transitions, discouraging to the adolescent than to be which involves a process of confrontation rejected by people of the same age bracket with different tasks and demands on (Vishala, 2008). Adolescents are mainly development. It is a time of change, encouraged by their peers in such a way that exploration, exuberance and youthful their attitudes, beliefs and behaviours are knowledge seeking, therefore, scholars call it conditioned by what is conceived to be a tedious stage for the adolescent (Irwin, obliged by other people. A parental view Burg and Cart, 2012). Adolescents show explains delinquent behaviour as marked changes in their social relationships disobedience, fighting with siblings, sometimes leading to the distruptions of the destroying property, stealing money from family system (Falaye, 2012). However, the family members and among other things, period of adolescence occupies a special threatening parents with violence. While a stage in every person's life. It is transitional legal perspective considers persons under the stage of life between childhood and age of 18 to be juveniles, hence, when they adulthood. According to World Health commit serious crimes like murder, they may Organization (WHO), adolescent rages be tried in court as adults (Steinberg, 1996 as between the ages of 10 to 19, a period of cited in Nanyangwe, (2013). Delinquency is accelerated growth and development. unwelcomed action, omission or moral Adolescence is one of the most fascinating behaviour of a juvenile which is socially not and difficult transition in a man’s life span, a accepted in any society. time of transformation from childhood to The theoretical orientation for this study was adulthood. It is also regarded as a period of guided by Social Learning Theory by Albert storm and stress (Graber, Brooks-Gunn and Bandura (1977) in McLeod (2011) stating Petersen, 2006). In the midst of these rapid that behaviour is learned from the physical, emotional, and social changes, environment through the process of adolescents begin to querry adult behaviours observational learning. Social Learning 68 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. IV JUNE 2020 Theory originated from Albert Bandura, who their examinations and also avoid delinquent believed that behaviourism alone could not behaviour. Femi (2012) also came up with explain all things about learning. He the result that the mean scores of students believed that behaviour and the environment from educated parents were higher than affected each other. The changes Bandura scores of students from uneducated parents. observed in a child’s behaviour after Therefore, parental qualification has watching an adult show of aggression gave significance effects on students' delinquent him impetus to his Social Learning Theory. behaviour and their academic performance. Bandura believed we could control our own Ahmad et al. (2013) posited that parents v\ith behaviour through self-control. Self-control an educational background would be in good entails a person to self-observe, make position to assist their children at home judgments about our environment and Also, they can guide and counsel the ourselves, and self-response. People both children on the best way to perform well in influence and are influenced by the world education and the type of behaviour they around them. Social Learning Theory also exhibit. It is also supported by Ekber (2013) known as observational learning occurs in his research conducted on the 691 when an observer's behaviour changes after undergraduate senior students trained at the viewing the behaviour of a model. An University of Suleyman Damirel. He found observer’s behaviour can be affected by the out that parents with high education provide positive or negative display of behaviour a most conducive environment for their seen. Social Learning Theory (or children to study and also monitor their Observational Learning Theory) stipulates behaviour. Students from parents with higher that people can learn new behaviours by education perform academically well than observing others. their peers from uneducated parents and also The influence of parental socio-economic exhibit acceptable behaviour in the college. factors on the delinquent behaviour among Parents’ educational background continues young adults in secondary schools has been to draw the attention of many researchers, examined by various scholars at different educationists, parents and administrators for locations, especially pupils with families the role it plays in motivating students’ where parents have less education. They tend behaviour. In the light of this, a study to systematically perform worse than pupils conducted by Suresh (2012) on the impact of whose parents have higher education. They parents’ level of education on parental also engage in behaviour that is against the involvement at home for high achievement, societal norm. Musarat (2013) posited that Indian students of Tamil School in Malaysia, there is connection between parental showed that students from parents with education and students’ behaviour. He higher degree scored higher in test and further stated that students from educated displayed low delinquent behaviour. High parents have better overall total score than educated parents devoted a lot of time, those from uneducated parents and also shun energy, and money to help their children to delinquent behaviour than children whose do well in academic activities and also parents are less educated. He also pointed monitor them not to exhibit delinquent out that mothers’ education has significant behaviour. influence in students’ behaviour. Students Kimani (2010) asserted that parental income whose mothers are literate scored high in has impact on juvenile delinquency. His 69 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE » 2 0 research showed that all the family Heinrich (2014) he posited on the influence categories except the intact unit displayed of occupation on delinquent behaviour after the highest correlation of crime in substance making comparism of mothers who work abuse category. The children in an intact versus those of housewives, avowed that family had a lower prevalence to go to the employment influences delinquencies in streets and take cannabis. In the felony opposing ways: on the positive side, it category, all family units exhibited it as the provides the financial means to meet lowest percentage of juvenile delinquency parenting responsibilities while the except the intact unit where the prevalence disadvantage is that it limits the time for murder was high. Single family unit available to spend with their wards. structure had a high prevalence of sexual crime like involvement in sex and different Memo (2010) in his study on the impact of cases. The highest percentage of juvenile parental occupation on students’ delinquent delinquency was found to be in the school behaviour at secondary schools, found out violation with the grand-parents structure that there was significant relationship showing the highest correlation. It is also between parents' occupation and students' children from father only and those who had delinquent behaviour. Students whose a one-time lived in a kind of home where fathers have high rated profession, many children were offenders. He concluded performed creditably in their academic and that parental income has influence on shun various forms of delinquent act than juvenile delinquency among children. Ekpo those students whose fathers have a less and Ajake (2013) posited on the influence of prestigious work. Fathers with the high family socio-economic status and profile occupation are in a better position to delinquency among senior secondary school assist and encourage their children toward students in Calabar South, Cross River State, educational attainment and tailor them Nigeria. Their research revealed that there towards exhibiting good behaviours that are was crucial relationship between socio­ socially acceptable. They can provide economic status and juvenile delinquency. whatever is needed to support and encourage They further opined that students from poor their children morally, intellectually, family background are more delinquent than spiritually and psychologically. But parents those from affluent family. with less prestigious occupation due to On parental occupation and delinquent instability and lack of financial resources behaviour, the relationship between cannot provide adequate modern facilities to occupation and delinquent behaviour is well enhance their children education and such documented in literature with the consensus children go ahead to exhibit delinquent being that occupation is one of the predictors behaviour that disrupt teaching and learning of delinquent act. Low income families have process. Mothers’ occupation also influences been found to experience higher levels of students’ delinquent behaviour. It was stress - and invariably delinquent behaviour observed that students with mothers who in their children than middle and high have better occupation performed well in income families (Gureje, Lasebikan, Kola & school work and shun delinquent behaviour Makanjuola, 2006; Ponnet, 2014, as cited in than their peers from mothers with less Cronin, Becher, Christians, Maher & Dibb, prestigious occupation. Also, Saifullahi, 2015). In a similar study undertaken by (2011) asserted that parental occupation 70 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE 2020 significantly influences students’ behaviour of secondary school students in achievement and behaviour. Farkhada (2013) Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo posited that gender and socio-economic State. status (occupation) influence the academic Ho2: There is no significant relationship achievement and behaviours of high school between parental income and delinquent students. He established that male and behaviour of secondary school students in temale students whose parents have high pay Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo job perform academically well and exhibit State. socially acceptable behaviour than their Ho3: There is no significant relationship peers whose parents have low pay job. High among parental occupation, parental income socio-economic status parents provide and delinquent behaviour among secondary necessary facilities regarding their children school students in Ibadan North Local education, health and understand their Government Area, Oyo State. problems related to the adolescent period. Methodology Faisal (2014) also affirmed the influence of The survey research design was used for this parental socio-economic status on their study. It is the best method because it allows involvement in their children’s education questionnaires to be distributed to fairly and behaviour. He asserted that the good number of samples for the study since relationship between parental occupation and the variables had already occurred. The parental involvement at home was moderate target population of the study comprised all in some strategies. It shows that parents with secondary school students in Ibadan North the prestigious occupations are more likely Local Government. A simple random to identify their children’s problems. They sampling technique was used in the study to also help them to do their homework by select two hundred (200) participants. The providing facilities necessary for learning research instruments used for the study were and development by creating an enabling namely: the parental education scale which environment for them to exhibit socially has a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.82, acceptable behaviour. parental income which has a Cronbach alpha Several studies have been conducted in the reliability of 0.79, while parental occupation area of delinquent behaviours among has a Cronbach alpha reliability of 0.84 and different age categories. Therefore, this delinquent behaviour has a Cronbach alpha study examined the influence of parental reliability of 0.89. The items were adapted to socio-economic factors such as education, measure the rate of delinquent behaviour income and occupation on the delinquent among students. A structure questionnaire behaviour among secondary school students was used in data collection in the study. Two in Ibadan, Oyo State. The study is necessary hundred (200) copies of questionnaire were in view of the rising cases of delinquent administered to secondary school students in behaviour among the adolescents in Ibadan Ibadan North local government by the North Local Government and reports from researchers and one research assistant. Oyo State Ministry of Social Welfare and Explanation was made to the participants Youths Development. during the administration. Also, respondents Research Hypotheses were made to know the importance of Ilol: There is no significant relationship participating in the study and essence of the between parental education and delinquent research. The researcher assured them of 71 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE 2020 confidentiality as the study would not pry demographic characteristics of respondents, into their privacy and the results of the while Pearson’s Product Moment findings would only be meant for academic Correlation (PPMC) was used to test the purposes. The study made use of descriptive relationship between the independent and inferential statistics to analyse the data. variables and the dependent variable. Frequency count was used to analyse the Results Hypothesis 1: There is no significant relationship between parental education and delinquent behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo state. Table 1: Summary of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis Showing the Relationship between Parental Education and E►elinquent Behaviour Variable Mean Std. Dev N Df R P Remark Parental 79.4800 10.6643 education 200 198 .426** 0.05 Sig. Delinquent behaviour 85.7950 10.8319 Table 1 shows that there was significant educational status of parents goes a long way relationship between parental education and in determining the kind of behaviour their delinquent behaviour (r =.426** p < 0.05). children and wards would exhibit. Hence, the null hypothesis was rejected. This Hypothesis 2: There is no significant implies that parental education had impact relationship between parental income and on delinquent behaviour of secondary school delinquent behaviour secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government students in Ibadan North Local Government Area of Oyo State. This means that the Area, Oyo State. Table 2: Summary of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis Showing the Variable Mean Std. Dev N Df R Remark Parental income 47.6000 19.4833 200 198 .365** 0.05 Sig. Delinquent behaviour 85.7950 10.8319 Table 2 shows that there was significant relationship between parental income and delinquent behaviour (r =.365** p < 0.05). Hence, the null hypothesis was accepted. This implies that parental income had impact on delinquent behaviour of secondary school students in Ibadan 72 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOC IAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE 2020 North Local Government Area of Oyo state. This means that the level of income of one’s parents could determine the type of behaviour that would be exhibited by such children. Hypothesis 3: There is no significant relationship between parental occupation and delinquent behaviour among secondary school students in Ibadan North Local Government Area, Oyo State. Table 3 Summary of Pearson Product Moment Correlation Analysis Showing the Variable Mean Std. Dev N Df R P Remark Parental 46.6010 11.4230 occupation 200 198 .429** 0.05 Sig. Delinquent behaviour 85.7950 10.8319 Table 3 shows that there was significant the streets and also take cannabis. In the relationship between parental occupation and felony category, all family units exhibited it delinquent behaviour (r =.429** p < 0.05). as the lowest percentage of juvenile Hence, the null hypothesis was accepted. delinquency except the intact unit where the This implies that parental occupation had prevalence for murder was high. Single impact on delinquent behaviour of secondary family unit structure had a high prevalence school students in Ibadan North Local of sexual crime like involvement in sex and Government Area of Oyo State. This means different cases. The highest percentage of that the type of occupation one’s parents are juvenile delinquency was found to be in the engaged in could determine the behaviour of school violation with the grandparents’ such individual. If parents are engage in structure showing the highest correlation. He occupations that take most of their time, they also concluded that parental income has may not have time to take care of their influence on juvenile delinquency among children and wards which could predisposed children. The findings also corroborated the them to engaging in delinquent behaviour. work of Ekpo and Ajake (2013) on the influence of family socio-economic status Discussions and delinquency among senior secondary The study found out that there was school students in Calabar. It further significant relationship between parental revealed that there was significant income and delinquent behaviour (r =.365** relationship between socio-economic status p < 0.05) of secondary school students in and juvenile delinquency and that students Ibadan North Local Government Area of from low socio-economic parents are more Oyo State. The finding is in tandem with the delinquent than those from high socio­ work of Kimani, (2010) who opined that all economic status. the family categories except the intact unit Finally, the findings indicated that there was displayed the highest correlation of crime in a significant relationship between parental substance abuse category. The children in an occupation and delinquent behaviour (r intact family had a lower prevalence to go to =.429** p < 0.05) of secondary school 73 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. !•> JliNF. 2020 students in Ibadan North Local Government properly because they do not know the value Area. The finding is supported by existing that education brings. Also, if the type of literature with the consensus being that job that the students’ parents do take their occupation is one of the predictors of time, they may not have the time to monitor delinquent behaviour. Low income families their children and wards properly, this could have been found to experience higher levels expose them to delinquent behaviours such of stress - and invariably delinquent as stealing, pilfering, . fighting, truancy behaviour in their children than middle and among others. high income families (Gureje, Lasebikan, Kola & Makanjuola, 2006; Ponnet, 2014, as cited in Cronin, Becher, Christians, Maher & Recommendations Dibb, 2015; Grant, Compas, Thurm and The study recommends an intensive Gipson, 2004). Another study by Heinrich orientation and re-orientation of secondary (2014) on the influence of occupation on school students and stakeholders on their delinquent behaviour, based on comparism perception on delinquent behaviour. To this of mothers who work versus those who do end, teachers, social workers and all other not, avowed that employment influences stakeholders must be at alert and sensitive to delinquencies in opposing ways: on the these growing trends. The implication of this positive side, it provides the financial means is that it could lead to civil unrest in the to meet parenting obligations while the society in future. It is against this disadvantage is that it reduces the time background that all concerned stakeholders available to spend with their children and in Nigeria should embark on intensive wards. studies to identify socio-economic status and other factors that could influence delinquent Conclusion behaviour among secondary school students It was observed from the results of the and to find solution to the factors. findings that there was significant In order to reduce the rate of delinquent relationship between parental education and behaviour among secondary school students, delinquent behaviours of secondary school the following recommendations were made, students. Also, parental income was found to based on the findings of the study: have positive relationship with delinquent • There should be a wide range of behaviour of secondary school students. public enlightenment through the There was also significant relationship mass media on the negative effects of between parental occupation and delinquent delinquent behaviour on the students behaviour of secondary school students. It and the society at large. could be concluded that the financial • Parents should make sure that they strength of a family could trigger delinquent take time out of their busy schedule behaviour among students. If the parental to monitor their children and wards income is low, it could trigger students to so as to know the type of behaviour start following their other peers by engaging they exhibit and to correct them if in some delinquent acts that could fetch them they are exhibiting behaviours that money. In addition, if parents of the students are not socially acceptable. did not have formal education, such parents may not know how to handle their children 74 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY NIGERIAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL WORK EDUCATION VOL. 19 JUNE 2020 • Parents and caregivers should try as children who have one problem or much as possible to meet the needs of the other. their children and wards as this would make them not to engage in References delinquent behaviour like truancy, Ahmad, K. and Naeema, B. (2013/ stealing, pilfering, bullying just to Influence of socioeconomic and mention a few. If some of these educational background of parents on needs are met, it would make such their children’s education in Nigeria children to concentrate on their International Journal o f Scientific school work and also shun any form and Research Publications, Volume of delinquencies. 3. • Schools should inculcate in their students morals and values as this Ahmar, F., and Anwar, E. (2013). 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