UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Journal of Global Initiatives POLICY, PEDAGOGY, PERSPECTIVE VOLUME 3 2008 NUMBER 2 Editor-in-Chief Dr. Akanmu Adebayo Executive Director, Institute fo r Global Initiatives Kennesaw State University Associate Editors Dr. Rosa Bobia Director, Center fo r African and African Diaspora Studies Kennesaw State University Dr. Robert DeVillar Director, Center fo r Hispanic Studies Kennesaw State University Dr. Dan Paracka Director o f International Services and Programs Kennesaw State University Book Review Editor Dr. M. Todd Harper Associate Professor o f English Kennesaw State University — Editorial Advisory B o a r d ------- Dr. Christa Olson Dr. Charles Abiodun Alao Assoc. Director o f International Initiatives Lecturer in War Studies, King’s College American Council on Education (ACE) University o f London Dr. Chien-pin Li Dr. Mitchell R. Hammer Professor o f Political Science and Professor o f International Peace and International Affairs Conflict Resolution Kennesaw State University American University Dr. Ashok Roy Assistant Vice President, Financial Services Kennesaw State University ---- ese---- Manuscript Editor Betsy Rhame-Minor Journal Design and Production Kennesaw State Holly S. Miller University Press ISSN 1930-3009 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Special Edition ---------- © * © ---------- Globalization and the Unending Frontier: An Overview Introduction by Guest Editor Olutayo C. Adesina 1 0 7 Globalization and the Unending Frontier Articles 1 1 1 Globalization: Acculturation or Cultural Erosion? A Historical Reflection Bolanle Awe 1 2 3 Islam, Globalization and Freedom of Expression Daiyabu Muhammad Hassan 1 3 5 “American Dream” or Global Nightmare? Melanie, Bush 1 5 1 ‘Globalization as the Ultimate Evil’: Reading Turkey’s Extreme Right and Extreme Left Political Parties’ Approaches to Globalization Bahadir H. Turk 1 6 3 What is Globalisation to Postcolonialism? An Apologia for African Literature Ameh Dennis Akoh 1 7 7 International Migration and Women Traders at Gbagi Textile Market, Ibadan Mutiat Titilope Kareem-Ojo 1 9 3 Global Learning: Engaging Questions of Globalization Daniel ]. Paracka Book Reviews 2 1 5 Slavery By Another Name: The Re-Enslavement o f Black Americans From the Civil War to World War II by Douglas A. Blackmon Reviewed by Rasheed Olaniyi 2 1 9 Natural Resources and Conflict in Africa: The Tragedy o f Endowment by Abiodun Alao Reviewed by Nurudeen Akinyemi Journal of Global Inititives POLICY, PEDAGOGY, PERSPECTIVE VOLUME 3 2008 NUMBER 2 UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY Journal for Global Initiatives 3(2) (2008). pp. 107-110 BOOK REVIEW Douglas A. Blackmon, Slavery by Another Name: The Re-Enslavement ofBlack Americans From the Civil War to World War II. New York: Doubleday, 2008. Rasheed Olaniyi, University ofIbadan On 25th March, 2007, the British government marked the Bicentenary of the abolition of slave trade in 1807 and their active role in the despicable human tyranny. In his speech titled, "the Historical Expression of Regrets:' the former British Prime Minister, Tony Blair observes that the Bicentenary offers opportunity for Britain to say how cCprofoundly shameful the slave trade was:' Two hundred years on, the vestiges of slavery and slave trade thrives under economic inequalities. According to the UN estimates, there are 27 million slaves in the world today. They are victims of human trafficking, debt bondage, prostitution, child labor and serfdom. Women and children trafficked across borders has increased since the 1990s for the purpose of sex slavery and child labor. Among the Tuareg nomads of Niger Republic, West Africa, slavery continues to thrive as a product of inheritance rooted in traditional customs. About 800,000, 7% of the population remains in the shackles of slavery. The discourse on the transformation of exploitation structures in the post- abolition era has continued to generate robust debate. Douglas Blackmon's Slavery byAnotherName symbolizes this trend that tends to break historical silences, which characterized the enslavement of several black Americans from the Civil War years to World War II. Divided into three parts and seventeen chapters, Slavery by Another Name is one of the most captivating books that expose the heinous crime of slavery in the post-Emancipation history of the USA. Blackmon brings into sharp focus the nexus between race, state power, the expansion of capitalism and slavery through the backdoor. Repressive legal structures were created by the state to institute an economy supplied with cheap labor. According to Blackmon, criminalization of indigent black citizens took place within the matrix of racialized judicial process and perversion of justice for the purpose of cheap labor. It marked the suppression of civil liberty and rule of law. Worst than their forerunners, victims of the neo-slavery had no capacity to preserve their destruction. They had no images, recordings and writings and, thus, lived in historical silence. Black life and economic UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN LIBRARY 216 Journal for Global Initiatives rights became criminalized. According to Blackmon, «An 1865 Mississippi statute required African American workers to enter into labor contacts with white farmers by January 1 of every year or risk arrest"(Blackmon, 2008:52). From 1877, many states practiced leasing of black prisoners to commercial enterprises and companies were fined $150 per head if they allowed a prisoner to escape (Blackmon, 2008:40) Blackmon explains that black prisoners were «... routinely starved and brutalized by corporations, farmers, government officials, and small-town businessmen intent on achieving the most lucrative balance between the productivity of captive labor and the cost of sustaining them"(Blackmon, 2008:57). Since black slaves worked under ghastly conditions, there were recurring outbreaks of diseases. Unlike most historians of slavery in America, Blackmon demonstrates that repressed legal regime and violence of the post civil war era were not after all generated by the lawless behavior of the freed slaves. Unemployment, poverty, sexuality and lifestyle among free blacks were criminalized and formed bases of enslavement in mines and factories. Under the repressive labor regime, blacks were leased from one farm or factory, labor camps and plantations to the other. The free blacks also experienced the racial violence perpetrated by the KKK and other secret white societies. What rapidly followed anti-slavery movement of the 1810s was