AMBRCSE ALLI UNIVERSITY EKPOMA, NIGERIA ISSSN: 1115-2664 VOLUME 15, NUMBER 2, DECEMBER, 2013 COMMUNICATE: JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE CONTENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS * Editorial iv * Influencc oflnlemet Availability and on Accessibility Information l Resources Utilization and Research Produclivity Saheed Abiola Hamzat and Sola Emmanuel Owolabi * Determinants ofUtilisation ofLibrary's Online Resources by Studentsof 15 Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Bruno I. Igbeneghu, PhD * Adoption and Application of 1CTS in Academic Libraries in Oyo State, 32 Nigeria Samson Oyeniyi A kan de * Management and Useof Electronic Resources in SelectedNigerian 48 Libraries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Tomomowo Ayodele S.O., Oladapo Y.O. and Adeove M.O. * Managing Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants in University Libraries 68 in Nigeria Moses C. Nwosu * The Use of Modern Technology in Controlling Criminal Activities In Academic Libraries: ACase Study of Kenneth Dike Library and 90 Obafemi Awolowo University Library Adenike Omoike * And Use of Departmental Libraries in the Infonnation Age: ACase Study ofFourTertiary Institutions in Kogi State, Nigeria 108 Maxwell, Charity Ezinne and Maxwell, Mercy Ebercchukwu * An Assessment ofStaffTraining and Personnel Development in Nigerian 124 University Libraries of 2 1** Century: A Case ofAbubakarTafawa Balewa University Library Bauchi Binta F. Umar (Mrs) PUBLISHED BY: The Department of Library and Information Science, Ambrose Alli University, Ekpoma, Nigeria. IB DAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY VOLUME 15 NUMBER 2 DECEMBER, 2013 COMMUNICATE: JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE CONTENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS Editorial iv Influence of Internet Availability and on Accessibility Information 1 Resources Utilization and Research Productivity Saheed Abiola Hamzat and Sola Emmanuel Owolabi Determinants of Utilisation of Library’s Online Resources by Students of 15 Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Bruno I. Igbeneghu, PhD Adoption and Application of ICTS in Academic Libraries in Oyo State, 32 Nigeria Samson Oyeniyi Akande Management and Use of Electronic Resources in Selected Nigerian 48 Libraries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Tomomowo Ayodele S.O., Oladapo Y.O. and Adeoye M.O. Managing Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants in University Libraries 68 in Nigeria Moses C. Nwosu The Use of Modem Technology in Controlling Criminal Activities In Academic Libraries: A Case Study of Kenneth Dike Library and 90 Obafemi Awolowo University Library Adenike Omoike And Use of Depärtmental Libraries in the Information Age: A Case Study of Four Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State, Nigeria 108 Maxwell, Charity Ezinne and Maxwell, Mercy Eberechukwu An Assessment of Staff Training and Personnel Development in Nigerian 124 University Libraries of 21st Century: A Case of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Library Bauchi Binta F. Umar (Mrs) IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY COMMUNICATE: JOURNAL OF LIBRARY AND INFORMATION SCIENCE EDITORIAL BOARD EDITORIAL ADYISORY BOARD Managing Editor Prof. F.A Ehikhamenor Professor Sam E. Ifidon, Department of Library and 18 Apostolic Faith Road, Information Science, P.O. Box 288. Ekpoma, Ambrose Alli University, Edo State - Nigeria Ekpoma-Nigeria 07033784996 Dr. James DanielNational Mathematics Centre Assistant Managing Editor I Abuja, Nigeria. Dr. Gabriel A. Obinyan Department of Library and Dr. Olu O. Lawal, Information Science, University of Calabar Ambrose Alli University, Calabar, Nigeria. Ekpoma-Nigeria E-Mail ainetov@,vahoo.ca Business Manager: 08034376864 Grace E. Ebunuwele (Ms) Assistant Managing Editor II Library, Ambrose Alli University Mr. James Aiyebelehin Ekpoma - Nigeria. Department of Library and 0803899863 Information Science, Ambrose Alli University, Joy I. Ikenwe (Mrs) Ekpoma-Nigeria Department of Library and 08036203774 Information Science, Ambrose Alli University, Editors Ekpoma-Nigeria Professor (Mrs.) D.O. Bozimo, 0803752122 Department of Library and Information Science Delta State E-mail :Communicate.lisioumal@gmail.com University, Abraka-Nigeria GSM: 07033784996/08034376864 Dr. I.I. Ekoja, Library Department, University of Abuja, Abuja Professor Emma Dahwa, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri-Nigeria Dr. (Mrs) E.I. Ifidon Library, Ambrose Alli University Ekpoma, Nigeria Mr. William Simpson, John Rylands University Library, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom ii IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CONTENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS Editorial iv Influence of Internet Availability and on Accessibility Information 1 Resources Utilization and Research Productivity Saheed Abiola Hamzat and Sola Emmanuel Owolabi Determinants of Utilisation of Library’s Online Resources by Students of 15 Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife Bruno .1. Igbeneghu, PhD Adoption and Application of ICTS in Academic Libraries in Oyo State, 32 Nigeria Samson Oyeniyi Akande Management and Use of Electronic Resources in Selected Nigerian 48 Libraries in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria Tomomowo Ayodele S.O., Oladapo Y.O. and Adeoye M.O. Managing Digital Natives and Digital Immigrants in University Libraries 68 in Nigeria Moses .C. Nwosu * The Use of Modem Technology in Controlling Criminal Activities In Academic Libraries: A Case Study of Kenneth Dike Library and 90 Obafemi Awolowo University Library Adenike Omoike And Use of Departmental Libraries in the Information Age: A Case Study of Four Tertiary Institutions in Kogi State, Nigeria 108 Maxwell, Charity Ezinne and Maxwell, Mercy Eberechukwu An Assessment of Staff Training and Personnel Development in Nigerian 124 University Libraries of 21st Century: A Case of Abubakar Tafawa Balewa University Library Bauchi Binta U.F. (Mrs) IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY ADOPTION AND APPLICATION OF ICTS IN ACADEMIC LIBRARIES IN OYO STATE, NIGERIA By Samson Oyeniyi Akande* Abstract The study investigated the extent to which government - owned tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State have deployed ICTs in their operations. The descriptive survey research design was adopted for the study. Purposive sampling technique was used to select six (6) libraries from the eight (8) tertiary institutions ’ libraries in Oyo state, Nigeria. Total enumeration was used to cover all the one hundred and fifty five (155) Professional and para - professionl library personnel working in the selected libraries. Questionnaire was the main instrument for data collection. However, information gathered from interviews and observations were used to complement what the questionnare provided. Data gathered were analysed by using descriptive statistics o f simple percentages and frequency counts. The fmdings revealed that in all the libraries, Computers, Internet, photocopiers, and printers were ICT facilities readily available for use. Also, Internet Services were found to be the most common ICT - based library and information Services rendered. Based on the findings o f the study, it was recommended that the government and the parent institutions should support the ICT drive o f the libraries by providing all the necessary human, technical and financial support for full application oflCTs in the libraries. Key Words: Adoption oflCTs, Application oflCTs, Tertiary Institutions, Libraries Introduction Academic libraries established in tertiary institutions like universities, Colleges of education and polytechnics have been described as the hub of academic activities. These libraries are responsible for the Provision of information needs of their parent institutions in support of leaming and research activities. In the past, before the advent of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), the physical building of a library, the physical collections, and the number of users that trooped the library to consult the materials were among the factors used to measure the effectiveness of libraries. However, in this present era of rapid innovations in technology * Samson Oyeniyi Akande, Principle Librarian, Kenneth Dike Library, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, E-mail: nyakand@yahoo.com 32 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY and change in the global ICT revolution, emphasis is no longer on ownership of physical buildings and materials stocked in the library but Provision of access to research - based Information. To this end, Simmond and Andaleeb (2001) have rightly observed that providing quality Services in academic libraries is now a major issue among academic libraries who see the library more in terms of the Provision of an access to quality Service than as just a physical place. The decline in the use of traditional library Services and resources as a result of the global ICT revolution which permit access to online information outside the library location has been widely reported in the literature. Carlson (2001) revealed that as technology becomes increasingly available and digital information expands on a daily basis, academic library use is on the decline. He reported that research libraries on College and university campuses are finding that gate counts and circulation of traditional materials are falling at many College libraries as students find new study spaces in dorm rooms or apartments, coffee shops, or nearby bookstores. Similarly, Nwezeh(2010) conducted a study on the use of ICT in Nigerian Universities with particular reference to Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife and has reported that 100 percent of the respondents (staff and students) make use of the Internet. 90 percent of the students indicated that they make use of the Internet in Cyber Cafes while only h 1.3 percent use the Internet in the University Library. The reason for this was that the library provides Internet Services between 8am - 4pm while the cyber cafe outside the library is open for 24 hours in a day. Further studies on the use of ICT like the Internet by the faculty members that show strong preference for accessing information outside the library location include Ojokoh and Asaolu (2005) and Akande (2011) which reported students’ high preference for using Internet facilities in Cybercafe than in other locations. Summmarily, Nwezeh and Shabi (2011) in their study on the use of library Services and resources in academic libraries have shown that the problem of under utilization of library resources is a global one. The panacea to improvement o f library usage by patrons is Provision of cutting edge digital resources and Services using modern ICT facilities in this present competitive environment in which libraries operate. Information and communication technologies facilitate access and use of information available in electronic format through the use of Computers. The advents of ICTS and electronic resources have changed the information seeking process, pattem and behaviour of users. Researchers, students and lecturers now rely more on electronic information resources which are easily accessed, searched, retrieved, 33 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY stored, and communicated. With the use of IT tools, collaboration is easier in the process of research and communication. According to Issah, Ayodele, Abubakar and Aliyu(2011), “ with the vast output of new information and ever - increasing degree of specialization in all areas of human knowledge, heavy demands are being placed on library information storage and retrieval Systems, which can be scarcely met by the traditional methods except with the use of IT devices.” The application of ICTS in academic libraries, particularly Computer and Internet technologies, can create a platform for information handling including generation, storage, processing, retrieval and dissemination. Information and Communication Technologies can be defined as the techniques, methods, and tools used to access information and to communicate with others. The term refers to electronic and Computer based technologies (Anglo and Werna, 2010). Academic libraries have been pragmatic in their response to the global changes in patrons’ information seeking pattern and behaviour caused by the ICT revolution. In Troll(2002), it has been reported that academic libraries are changing in response to changes in the leaming and research environment and changes in the behaviour of library users. Libraries are adding new digital resources and Services while maintaining most of the old, traditional resources and Services. According to Lukasiewicz (2007), in Order to remain a dynamic and important component of the university, academich libraries must embrace change and create digital resources that offer innovative reference Services. Also, Sing and Piki (2009) have advised libraries to shift their focus from traditional library activities of collecting, processing, storing and accessing information to offer customer-centred automated information Services, generated by using online/offline databases, e-resources, e-journals, networks and consortia. Haliso (2011 opined that all the functions and Services that academic libraries used to provide manually can be provided now through the use of ICTS which can do things better and faster. Little wonder that Nigerian academic libraries especially the university libraries have taken bold Steps to embark on automation of their library functions. Adegbore (2010) reveals that although efforts at automating manual processes in University of Ibadan, University of Lagos and Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, started in the mid 1970s and 1980s, serious application of information technology to library processes started in the early 1990s. He attributed the failure of individual efforts at library automation to lack of technical know- how relating to Software development and maintenance of hardware. Factors like funding, technical knowledge, power supply, low level of ICT skills, lack of commitment have been 34 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY identified by Okiy (2005); Chisenga (2006); Nwezeh (2010) as hindrances to full computerization of Nigerian libraries. This is because, according to Ibegroam (2006) and Haliso (2011), with more than two(2) decades of efforts at automation, most libraries in Nigerian Universities are still on the race to make their Services totally ICT-based. Apparently, the strong interest in the use of Internet and electronic resources by library patrons and the desire to perform library functions faster with ease are the basic reasons for adoption of ICTs in libraries. Installation of commercially available library management Systems for automation of library functions has provided platform for the Provision of web- based Services in the libraries. In some libraries, ICT facilities are used directly to benefit user communities through Provision of web-based library information Services to users like selective Dissemination of Information, Current Awareness Services, Online Reference and Information Services. In other libraries, electronic databases like EBSCOHOST, JSTOR, OARE, AGORA, HINARI and a host of others are provided for patrons to boost digital access to current, online information for research, leaming and teaching purposes. Realizing the vast potentials and opportunities associated with application of ICTs in libraries, most Nigerian academic libraries have embarked on a gradual paradigm shift from traditional library Services and resources to the Provision of web-based Services and resources in a dynamic digital environment. Although, several studies have been conducted on the use of Internet in Nigerian higher institutions, yet, it appears very little or none of these studies holistically looked at ICTs adoption and deployment especially in tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria. It is in the light of this that this study is investigating the extent to which academic libraries in Oyo State have deployed ICTS in performing their functions. Objectives of the Study The study aimed at achieving the following objectives: 1. Identify ICT-based resources available and used in the libraries; 2. Identify ICT -based library and information Services provided; 3. Find out the automated library functions in the libraries; 4. Determine the extent to which the ICT - based library and information Services are provided; 5. Investigate level of ICT proficiency of library personnel; 35 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 6. Assess factors militating against the application of ICTs in libraries. Methodology The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The numerical strength of the study population is one hundred and fifty five (155) Professional and para-profesional library personnel working in tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria. The sample size of the study is the entire 155 (professional and para-professional) library personnel in the six govemment - owned tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State.Thus, total enumeration sampling technique was used for the study. Data were gathered from all the entire library personnel that constituted the sample size. Instruments Research data were collected through a seif - developed questionnaire, interview schedule and observations. The information gathered from interview conducted with System analysts/System librarians and observations of ICT facilities were used to complement and substantiate the information provided by filling the questionnaire. The questionnaire was divided into two sections: The first section elicited information on the demographic characteristics such as age, gender, educational qualification, designation and section of work in the library. The second section collected data on ICT use in the library, competencies/skills of staff in using ICT and ICT - based Services provided in libraries. The interview schedule made use of a check-list with questions on library automation, bandwidth issues, funding and staff training. ICT facilities available in the computer/ICT unit of various libraries were observed to elicit information on the level of acquisition and application of ICTs. Data Collection and Analysis The questionnaire was administered to majority of respondents at an Annual Conference and General Meeting organized by the Nigerian Library Association, Oyo State chapter on 13th December, 2012 in Oyo, Oyo State of Nigeria. Respondents who were unable to attend the meeting were given the questionnaire to fill in their libraries with the help of professional colleagues. The researcher personally visited the libraries to conduct 36 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY interviews with heads of the ICT unit and to observe the ICT facilities available in the libraries. A total of 155 copies of questionnaire were administered while only 119 were retumed giving a retum rate of 76.8%. Administration of questionnaire covered two (2) weeks. Data collected on the study were analyzed using descriptive statistics like simple percentages, frequency counts, Standard deviation and mean. Table 1: Questionnaire Administration and Retrieval. Institutions Libraries No administered No retrieved Percentage Retrieved % Kenneth Dike Library, Ibadan 55 45 81.8 ThePolytechnic Ibadan 28 25 94.1 Ladoke Akintola University, 27 16 59.3 Ogbomoso Federal College of Education, Oyo 17 13 76.5 Oyo State College of Agriculture, 13 10 76.9 Igbo-Ora. Emmanuel Alayande College of 15 10 66.7 Education, Oyo Total 155 119 76.8 Results The results of the analysis are presented in the following tables. Question 1: What are the ICT - based resources available and used in the libraries? Table 2: ICT-based Resources Used in the Libraries S/N ICT resources in Use Frequency Percentage 1. Computers 99 83.2 2 Internet 102 85.7 3 CD-ROM 58 48.7 4 Audio resources (CD’s) 40 33.6 5 Visual resources (VCD’s) 42 35.3 37 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 6 Photocopier 77 64.7 7 Printer 85 71.4 8 Others 19 16.0 The results in table 2 show that the predominant ICT resources in use in tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State are Computers, the Internet, Printer and Photocopier. This is evident by the response of participants to the availability and use of resources as shown by 99 (83.2%) participants that indicated for Computers; 102 (85.7%) for Internet; 77 (64.7%) for Photocopiers and 85 (71.4%) for Printers. Audio resources, and Visual resources are also available and used as shown by 40 (33.6%) and 42 (35.3%) participants respectively. Question 2: What are the ICT-based library and Information Services provided for library Users? Table 3: ICT-based Library and Information Services provided in the Libraries S/N ICT -based Services Frequency Percentage 1. On-line information Services 56 47.1 2 Online reservation Services 27 22.7 3 CD-ROM searching. 31 26.1 4 News clipping scanning Service 18 15.1 5 Internet Services 91 76.5 6 OPAC 55 46.2 7 IT Training for library users 50 42.0 Table 3 shows the Services rendered in the libraries by using information technology tools.Looking at table 3, 91(765%) of respondents indicated the Provision of Internet Services for their patrons. 56 (47.1%) participants subscribed to Provision of online information Services like Current Awareness Services (CAS) and Selective Dissemination of Information (SDI) while 55 (46.2%) respondents inicated Provision of Online Public Access Catalogue (OPAC). Internet Services seem to be the most readily available ICT-based information 38 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Services rendered by all the libraries surveyed as indicated by the respondents. The least provided Service is News Clipping Scanning Service as shown by just 18(15.1%) of respondents. Question 3: What functions of the libraries have been automated? Table4: Automated functions of the libraries S/N Automated library functions Frequency Percentage 1. Circulation 73 61.3 2 Cataloguing 79 66.4 3 Serial control 33 27.7 4 Bibliography 11 9.2 5 Acquisitions 30 25.2 6 References 30 25.2 7 Data processing 22 18.5 8 Communication 16 13.4 9 Accounting 10 8.4 10 Digitization 13 10.9 11 Human resources management 11 9.2 Table 4 reveals the level of automation of library functions in the libraries. According to the table, cataloguing and circulation activities are the most automated functions in tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State as indicated by 73 (61.3%) and 79 (66.4%) participants respectively. 33 (27.7%) participants indicated that their serial control is automated while 30 (25.2%) affirmed automation of acquisitions and another 30(25.2%) of the participants attested to automation of reference Services. One can easily conclude from the responses that almost all the libraries surveyed are partially automated and the automation process is on- going in all the libraries. 39 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Question 4: What is the extent of Provision of ICT - based information Services to the patrons? Table 5: Provision of ICT-based information Services S/N Provision of Not % Very % Low % High % Very % Mean S.D ICT-based at low extent extent high Services all extent extent 1 Internet 15 12.6 9 7.6 24 20.2 36 26.9 39 32.8 3.60 1.35 Service 2 Online 18 15.1 12 10.1 23 19.3 40 33.6 26 21.8 3.37 1.34 information Service. 3 IT training 32 26.9 10 8.4 26 21.8 30 25.2 21 17.6 2.98 1.46 for library users. 4 OPAC 35 29.4 17 14.3 23 19.3 26 21.8 18 15.1 2.79 1.45 5 CD-ROM 36 30.3 25 21.0 18 15.1 30 25.2 10 8.4 2.61 1.37 searching. 6 Online 44 37.0 15 12.6 21 17.6 28 23.5 11 9.2 2.55 1.42 reservation Services. 7 News 42 35.3 18 15.1 26 21.8 24 20.2 9 7.6 2.50 1.35 clipping scanning Service. The analysis in Table 5 shows the extent to which ICT-based information Services are provided for the library users. According to Table 5, the Services mostly provided are Internet Services as shown by (75, 59.7%) of respondents with mean score of 3.60 and Online information Service (66, 55.4%) respondents with mean score of 3.37. ICT-based Services like news clipping scanning Service and online reservation Service are not readily provided for the library users as indicated by (86.0, 72.2%) and (80, 67.2%), of participants respectively. 40 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Question 5: What is the level of proficiency of library personnel in the use of ICTs in the libraries? Table 6: Proficiency of Library Personnel in using ICTs S/N Items Poor % • Average % Good % Excellent % Mean S.D 1 Internet 12 10.1 11 9.2 41 34.5 55 46.2 3.17 .97 2 Computer 5 4.2 23 19.3 40 33.6 51 42.9 3.15 .88 3 E-resources search 8 6.7 22 18.5 43 36.1 46 38.7 3.07 .92 4 Presentation 22 18.5 43 36.1 33 27.7 21 17.6 3.07 .99 5 Project 22 18.5 41 34.5 41 34.5 15 12.6 7.41 .93 management 6 Troubleshooting 30 25.2 37 31.1 38 31.9 14 11.8 2.30 .98 7 Webpage design 26 21.8 48 40.3 40 33.6 5 4.2 2.20 .83 The results in table 6 show that the library personnel are highly skilled in using the Internet. This is evident with the response of 41 (34.5%) of the participants who are good at using the Internet and 55(46.2%) who are excellent at using the Internet .For Computer, 40 (33.6%) are good while 51 (42.9%) are excellent. As regards E-resources search, 43 (36.1%) participant are good while 46 (38.7%) are excellent. The personnel are not all that skilled in presentation, project management, troubleshooting and webpage design as revealed in Table 6. This is because in all these ICT based activities, more than half of the participants responded that they were not above average when their skills were rated. Question 6: What are the factors militating against application of ICTs for Services in the libraries? Table 7: Factors Militating against Application of ICTs S/N Factors Don” t % None % Some % Large % Mean S.D know 1 Lack of 12 10.1 24 20.2 41 34.5 42 35.3 2.95 .98 budget/inadequate funding 2 Lack of ICT policy 16 13.4 21 17.6 49 41.2 33 27.7 2.83 .99 41 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 3 Lack of regulär 8 6.7 30 25.2 55 46.2 26 21.8 2.83 .85 training for library staff on ICT use. 4 Irregulär power 12 10.1 29 24.4 49 41.2 29 24.4 2.80 .93 supply 5 Lack of 12 10.1 35 ' 29.4 40 33.6 32 26.9 2.77 .96 commitment by institutional management. 6 Uninterupted access 10 8.4 37 31.1 44 37.0 28 23.5 2.76 .91 to the Internet 7 Lack of ICT skills 13 10.9 21 17.6 67 56.3 18 15.1 2.76 .84 by library users. 8 Inadequate ICT 11 9.2 33 27.7 50 42.0 25 21.0 2.75 .84 inffastructure 9 Lack of qualified 16 13.4 31 26.1 50 42.0 22 18.5 2.66 .93 ICT staff. 10 Negative attitude 16 13.4 35 29.4 48 40.3 20 16.8 2.61 .92 and reluctance of staff to use ICT. 11 Difficulties in 15 12.6 43 36.1 44 37.0 17 14.3 2.53 .89 recruiting and retaining ICT qualified staff. Table 7 reveals inadequate funding as the most serious factor impeding the use of ICTs in the libraries as indicated by 83 (69.8%) of the participants. Other serious factors are lack of ICT policy as shown by 82 (68.9%) of respondents ; lack of regulär training for library staff on ICT use indicated by 81 (68.0%) of respondents; irregulär power supply affirmed by 78 (65.6%); uuninterrupted access to the Internet indicated by 72 (60.5%). A vivid look at table 7 shows that all the factors are impediments to application of ICTs in the libraries. This is because majority of the participants (more than half) rated each of the factors as having some or large impact on the use of ICTs. Discussion It is clear from the results of the first research question in this study that Computers, Internet, photocopiers and printers are readily available and used in tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State. However, as at the time Visitation was made to the Polytechnic of Ibadan Library and Emmanuel Alayande College of Education Library, it was observed that the Internet in the libraries was not functioning for now. At Polytechnic of Ibadan library, the 42 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY students cannot access the Internet in the old library while Internet Connectivity is being worked upon in the newly commissioned Electronic Library. Interview conducted with the System analyst revealed that the management has not released fund to pay the Internet Service Provider. However, it was revealed that the library staff can use the Internet to perform their functions like online cataloguing . At Emmanuel Alayande College of Education, there was no Internet Service because they could not Service their debts with the Internet Service provider. Hope was however high that the State Government would soon release money to clear their debts. The availability and use of Computers, Internet and printers in tertiary institutions’ libraries for leaming, searching, research, word processing, online catalogue and e- publishing have been documented in studies like Nwezeh (2010);Akande(2011), Simmond (2001) and Salaam and Bamgboye (2011. On the ICT based library and information Services provided for the library users, the study has revealed that internet Services were highly valued in all the libraries. Almost all the libraries provide web-based Services to the users even though some libraries experience some challenges in discharging those Services. The issue of slow speed of the Internet due to low bandwidth is a major problem in all the libraries. However, University of Ibadan library’s catalogue can be accessed on the library’s website (OPAC). The Polytechnic of Ibadan library is still developing its OPAC using LIBPLUS Library Integrated Software while the students and lecturers can access the Ladoke Akintola University of Technology library OPAC using the designated Computers in the library. All the libraries surveyed have regulär programmes on IT training for their users. Current Awareness Services and Information dissemination using ICT platform like e-mailing, online reference Services, are rendered to the library patrons. The findings of this study are in agreement with Okoroma (2010) which States that in spite of inhibiting factors associated with automation in university libraries, U. I. library OPAC had been opened to users. About the automation of library functions, the results show that cataloguing and circulation activities have been fully computerized in the libraries. These findings are similar to that of Krubu and Osawaru (2011) and Haliso (2011) which reported that Readers Service division (circulation) and technical Service division (cataloguing) are the fully computerized divisions in the libraries they surveyed. The finding of this study also Support Islam (2007) where it is reported that out of 9 libraries surveyed in Bangladesh, 7 had their circulation activities computerized and all the 9 had their cataloguing Services computerized. Akintunde 43 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY (2005) has also affirmed that the main application of ICTs to library Service in University libraries is in the area of cataloguing. Furthermore, the results reveal that out of all the ICT based information Services provided for the library users, Internet and Online Information Services were ranked highest. This is not surprising because over the years, the Internet has become an all important technological tool in the production, marketing and use of information worldwide (Nwezeh, 2010). Also, Hites (2005) justifies the Provision of Internet in the library by observing that information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are increasingly being accepted and integrated in teaching, learning and research agenda in Universities in all the nations of the earth (including Nigeria). Libraries, especially academic libraries are established to support Curriculum delivery and provide information Services and resources for their parent institutions. The study has also identified some factors militating against the application of ICTs in the libraries. According to the results of the study, inadequate funding, lack of ICT policy, lack of regulär training for library staff on ICT use, irregulär power supply, were among the factors indicated by majority of the participants as hindrances to application of ICTs. The results lend credence to similar Undings identified by previous studies like Okiy (2005), Chisenga (2006), Nwezeh (2010) and Haliso (2011). Opadeji-Komolafe (2009) opines that parent institutions can help by formulating ICT policies to encourage collaboration with institutions, agents, and govemments from developed countries to get funds and technical training and advice. It is apparent that most of the challenges confronting deployment and application of ICTS in libraries are multidimensional. However, with adequate funding, and change in attitude, some of these problems will be solved. Another result reveals that the library personnel are highly skilled in using the Internet, Computer and searching electronic resources. However, their skills in ICT activities like troubleshooting, webpage design, and project management need to be developed. Ramanal(2006) has advised Library Professionals to develop experience technological competencies required to make best use of the opportunities, the ICT offers in Order to provide a gateway access to wide ränge and variety of information resources and Services. The high level of competence shown by the library personnel in using the Internet to search information was similar to the fmdings of Ezeani (2011) who reported that librarians within the University of Nigeria library System fare well with the use of basic Internet applications. She added that the Internet offers a uniquely rieh resource for authentic inquiry and librarians 44 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY must leam to orchestrate sophisticated strategies to become literate in this complex environment. Conclusion The results of this study have clearly shown that tertiary institutions’ libraries in Oyo State, Nigeria, have adopted and applied ICTS to some extent in performing their functions. For academic libraries to be relevant today, they must understand the changing users behaviour and respond appropriately to meet their needs by adjusting and redesigning their programmes and approaches to Service delivery. The only Option left for them is total application of ICTS and continual adoption of new technologies as they emerge to serve their clientele who operates in a changing digital environment. This is in line with Breeding(2012) comment that States that, today as all areas of librarianship are deeply intertwined with technology, it's essential that these programs instill new Information Professionals with the ability to master the technologies of today, but more importantly to adapt to those that will cycle in and out through the decades of their career. Recommendations Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are proffered: 1. The institutions’ libraries ICT drive should be supported by their parent institutions with full financial backing to facilitate the implementation of their ICT projects. 2. Staff training, development and continuing education in ICT skills acquisition should be encouraged and taken seriously. 3. Regular effective power supply supplemented with standby generators should be providcd to solve the problem of incessant power outage. 4. The library staff should show more positive attitude towards enhancing their skills by looking for opportunities to develop themselves through in-house and overseas traimngs, 5. The libraries should embark on serious training programmes through Organization of workshops and seminars on issues relating to application of Software and computerization of library functions. 45 IBADAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARY References Adegbore, A.M. 2010. 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