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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Prediabetes among Nigerian adolescents: A School-based study of the prevalence, risk factors and pattern of fasting blood glucose in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Springer Nature, 2016-06) Arigbede, O.; Adeoye, I.; Jarrett, O.; Yusuf, O.
Pre diabetes and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) are emerging public health challenges in sub-Saharan Africa which have been given little research focus among adolescents. The behavioural and cardiometabolic factors that drive these conditions have hardly been documented among adolescents in Nigeria. A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of pre diabetes among 500 in school adolescents and their fasting blood glucose pattern in Ibadan, Nigeria. Potential factors including blood pressure, anthropometric measurements and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were assessed. Pre diabetes was defined as FBG between 100 –125 mg/dl. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and bivariate logistic regression at 5 % level of significance. The overall prevalence of pre diabetes among the adolescents was 4.0 % 95 % CI (2.2–5.7 %) and the mean FBG of adolescents was 85.3 ± 8.2. Males compared to females had significantly higher levels of FBG—mean difference [1.65:95 % CI (0.017–3.14) p = 0.03]. Factors that increased the odds for pre diabetes included frequent consumption of carbonated drinks (OR = 1.45; 95 % CI 0.46–3.30; p = 0.48), attending a private school (OR = 2.58; 95 % CI 0.77– 9.0; p= 0.66) elevated blood pressure (OR = 2.04; 95 % CI 0.57– 7.35; p= 0.57) and being overweight or obese (OR = 2.91; 95 % CI 0.38–22.3; p = 0.30). Correspondingly, while those who skipped breakfast [1.29;95 % CI (−0.23;−2.8) p = 0.096] had higher FBG, those who walked daily back from school [−2.07;95 % CI (−3.55; − 0.59) p= 0.01] had significantly lower FBG. Pre diabetes and risk factors are prevalent among the secondary school adolescents in Ibadan. Surveillance of potential risk factors through school-based screening among adolescents is crucial for prevention and early intervention
Phytochkmical profiling antioxidant activities and essential oil, constituents of Androgkaphis Paniculata
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2018) Adeoye, B. Q.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Afolayan, A. J.; Adedapo, A. A.
Oxidative stress is involved in the pathogenesis of various diseases which lead to urgent- need to investigate new, safe and effective source of antioxidant agents. This research proposed to investigate in-vitro and phytochemical constituent of the plant Ancirographis paniculatei using phytochemical analysis, GC/MS, DPPH, ABTS, FRAP and NO. Phytochemica! analysis of Anclrographis paniculata revealed the presence of tannins, total fiavonoids, total phenol, total flavonols, and total proanthocyanidins. GC/MS analysis of essential oil of AP identified one major compound name benzencpropanoic acid clucked at 3.296 retention time and 0,74 area percentage. The ferric reducing potential of the extracts was concentration dependent and significantly different from that of rutin and vitamin E. The% inhibition ofABTS by the ethanol leaf extract o?A nclrographis paniculata was concentration dependent and compared favourably well with the rutin and vitamin E, in DPPH scavenging assays, the ICy50 value of the ethanol leaf extract of Andrographis paniculata was < 0.025 mg/ml, while IC50 of rutin and Vitamin E were < 0.025 mg/ml and 0.68mg/ml. Nitric oxide ICS, for extract is 1,05mg/ml, Vitamin E is 1.2 mg/ml, and rutin is < 0.025 mg/ml. The present study showed high level of radical scavenging activity by ethanol leaf .extract of Andrographis paniculata with higher antioxidant activities than Vitamin E but less than that of rutin. This show that Andrographis paniculata has antioxidant properties and the plant could be used in the prevention and treatment of diseases associated with oxidative stress.
Anti-proliferative activities of the aqueous root extract of Dianthus Thunbergii ss hooper (caryophyllaceae)
(African Traditional Herbal Medicine Supporters Initiative (ATHMSI), 2018) Akinrinde, A.; Van de Venter, M.; Koekemoer, T.; Bradley, G.
Background: The roots of Dianthus thunbergii SS Hooper are used traditionally in South Africa for the treatment of diabetes, wounds, colic, chest complaints and cancer. This study was aimed at investigating the potential anti-proliferative activities of the D. thunbergii in mammalian cancer cell lines.
Materials and Methods: Aqueous and ethanol extracts of D. thunbergii were tested in vitro on two cancer cell lines: human hepato-cellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells and murine insulinoma (INS-1) cells using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2- yl) 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet cell viability assays, as well as live-cell fluorescence imaging microscopy. A tentative profiling of the aqueous extract was also carried out using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).
Results: The aqueous extract (50-200μg/ml) exhibited significant (p<0.05) cytotoxicity in HepG2 cells (IC50<50 μg/ml), while also significantly (p<0.05) decreasing the viability of INS-1 cells (IC50=36.0 μg/ml), although no toxicity was evident in L6 myotubes. Hoechst 33342® and propidium iodide staining of INS-1 cells further revealed significant growth inhibition (p<0.001) of INS-1 cells by the aqueous extract. No meaningful toxicity was, however, obtained with the ethanol extract (IC50 = 204.0 μg/ml). Non-targeted LC-ESI-TOF/MS analysis of the aqueous extract revealed the putative identities of main compounds present in the aqueous root extracts, including some that may contribute to its anti-proliferative action.
Conclusion: Taken together, the results showed that the roots of D. thunbergii may represent a potential plant-based sourceof agents with anti-proliferative efficacy.
Prevalence, pattern and predictors of hearing loss among rural school-age children in Ogun State, Nigeria
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria., 2016) Udofia, E. E; Adeoye, I. A.; Fasunla, A. J.
Background: Hearing loss is one of the commonest and most neglected disabilities in developing countries. However, most of these are preventable with early detection through screening and appropriate interventions. Methods: We determined the prevalence, pattern and predictors of hearing loss in school aged children in selected rural communities in Ogun state, Nigeria, using a cross sectional study design. A multistage cluster sampling technique was used to select 305 pupils from 6 randomly selected primary schools. Semi-structured interviewer administered questionnaires and a calibrated Amplivox 240 diagnostic audiometer were used for data collection. Multiple logistic regression analysis was used to determine the risk factors. Results: The prevalence of bilateral hearing loss was 19.6% while unilateral hearing loss was 11.8% on the left side and 7.9% on the right.Low frequency hearing lossconstituted the commoner type of hearing loss with [54(64.3%)] occurring on the right and [69 (71.1%)] on the left. Logistic regression analysis revealed that history of ear discharge (OR= 2.80, 95% CI= 1.23-6.38: p=0.006), ear injury (OR= 2.28, 95% CI= 1.09-4.74: p=0.028), head trauma (OR= 4.54, 95% CI= 1.97-10.44: p
In vitro investigation of potential anti-diabetic activity of the corm extract of Hypoxis argentea Harv. Ex Baker
(Croatian Pharmaceutical Society, 2018) Akinrinde, A.; Koekemoer, T.; Van de Venter, M.; Bradley, G.
The corms of Hypoxis argentea are widely used as a traditional remedy for diabetes mellitus in South Africa. In this study, we investigated the effects of non-toxic concentrations (12.5–100 μg mL–1) of the aqueous extract of H. argentea (HAA) corms on glucose uptake, pancreatic beta cell proliferation, and adipocyte differentiation. HAA stimulated glucose uptake in HepG2 cells up to 19.6 % and 17.0 % in L6 myotubes. Live-cell imaging microscopy revealed significant increases (p < 0.001) in total INS-1 cell numbers exposed to HAA, although no effect was observed on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. HAA produced weak to moderate inhibition of porcine pancreatic α-amylase, α-glucosidase, porcine pancreatic lipase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) activities, as well as protein glycation. Our results suggest that the acclaimed anti-diabetic effects of H. argentea could be mediated by its promotion of glucose utilization and preservation of pancreatic beta cell populations while preventing fat accumulation in adipocytes.