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Recent Submissions
Attitude of Healthcare providers to COVID-19 disease prevention–Personal risk perception and vaccine uptake
(Nigerian Medical Association / Wolters Kluwer – Medknow, 2024) Abdus-salam, R. A.; Adeyanju, S. A.; Abdus-salam, A.A.
"
Background: Vaccine hesitancy remains a barrier to
the uptake of vaccines, achieving immunity and
prevention of the spread of COVID-19. Healthcare
providers are at the forefront in the prevention of
COVID-19 and the care of affected individuals; thus,
they are at increased risk of contracting the infection.
The definitive treatment for COVID-19 is yet
unknown; vaccines have been developed and
available for the prevention of SARS-CoV-2
infection.
Objective: To assess the attitude of healthcare
providers to COVID-19 vaccine and factors
associated withuptake of the vaccine
Design anda Setting: A cross-sectional study of
healthcare workersin a tertiary health institution
using self-administered onlineGoogle-survey
questionnaire.
Participants: Healthcare workers in a tertiary health
institution
Data Collection: Information obtained included
socio-demographic and professional characteristics,
knowledge about vaccines, perception, and
willingness to get vaccinated. Datawas analysed
using IBM SPSS version 23. Descriptive statistics
and Chi-square testswere done. Level of significance
was set at p<0.05.
Result: About 170 medical healthcare workers
participated in the study - medical doctors-62.9%,
nurses-34.7% and dentists-2.9%; majority-66.5%
had practiced for <10years.Mean age was
36.86(±7.82) years; mostly female(55.9%) and
married (78.2%). About 93.3% considered
themselves at risk of infection and 71.2% perceived
themselves as high-risk. Routine screening was
acceptable to 78.8%; 29.4% had previous positive
test, 93.5% had contact with persons positive for
coronavirus infection and 80% had managed affected
patients. Majority believedvaccine was safe (82.9%)
and prevented infection(80.6%); 27.1% and 67.7%
were concerned about the constituents of the vaccine
and long-term adverse effects respectively. 73.5%
of the respondents were willing to receive
vaccination, 70% were vaccinated and 74.7% were
willing recommend it to others. Uptake of vaccine
was associated with perceived risk(p=0.035), level
of perceived risk(p=0.01) and previous infection/
COVID-19 disease(p=0.03).
Conclusion: Healthcare workers constitute are a
high-risk group; and an important source of
counselling and health education for the general
population. Therefore, positive perception about
safety and efficacy, knowledge, and uptake of
vaccine among healthcare providers must be
optimized.
Adoption and use of immunotherapy in breast cancer management in Africa: barriers and prospect–a narrative review.
(Wolters Kluwer – Lippincott (via Medknow / Wolters Kluwer Health), 2023) Jimoh, M. A.; Olaoye, D. Q.; Abdus-salam, A. A.
Breast cancer (BC) is the world’s most frequently diagnosed cancer in women, with 7.8 million women diagnosed with BC in the past 5 years. BC has the highest incidence rate of all cancers in women worldwide (1.67 million), accounting for over 500 000 deaths annually. In Africa, BC accounts for 28% of all cancers and 20% of all cancer deaths in women. The African continent has recorded an alarming increase in incidence, with the highest mortality rate globally. Despite BC being a major health concern in Africa, there is limited access to adequate healthcare services to combat the growing need. Immunotherapy, a promising treatment approach that harnesses the immune system’s power to fight cancer, has shown great potential in BC management. However, in the face of the growing body of evidence supporting its effectiveness, the adoption and use of immunotherapy in BC management in Africa remain limited. Hence, this review aimed to explore the barriers and prospects of immunotherapy adoption and use in BC management in Africa. A comprehensive search across various databases and sources using specific keywords related to immunotherapy and BC to achieve the study aim was conducted. The criteria for including data in the study were based on relevance and availability in English, with no publication year restrictions. The collected data underwent narrative analysis, supplemented by information from sources like country reports, newsletters, commentaries, policy briefs, and direct Google searches. By identifying the challenges and opportunities, this review provided insights into how healthcare providers, policymakers, and other stakeholders can work together to improve the availability and accessibility of immunotherapy to BC patients in Africa.
EGFR and HER2 expression in cervical cancer patients in Ibadan
(ecancer Global Foundation, 2023) Orekoya, A. A.; Abdus-Salam, A. A.; Oyesegun, A. R.; Ntekim, A. I.; Folasire, A. M.; Okolo, C. A.; Olabumuyi, A. A.; Dada, A. A.; Adenipekun, A. A.
Cervical cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related deaths in developing countries,
including Nigeria where it is the second most common female malignancy. Studies from
elsewhere have demonstrated the relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor
(EGFR) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) and advanced cervical
cancer. However, we are not aware of such studies in Nigerian patients. The main objective
of the study was to determine the prevalence of EGFR or HER1 and HER2 protein
expression in cervical cancers and to determine their impact on overall survival. Clinical
data and formalin-embedded tissue blocks of 124 patients who presented in the Radiation
Oncology Department, University College Hospital (UCH), from 2006 to 2015 and
had their histological diagnosis at the Pathology Department, UCH were retrieved and
analysed for EGFR and HER2 expression using immunohistochemistry. EGFR expression
was analysed using the immunoreactivity score by Remmele and Stegner. HER2
was analysed using the Hercep® test kit guidelines. Survival analysis was done using
Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analysis. Missing data were reported as missing, not
documented. EGFR (immunoreactivity score > 4) was overexpressed in 26.6% of the 124
cervical tissue samples tested. Most patients whose samples were positive for EGFR were
young, had squamous cell carcinoma and advanced diseases. HER2 was overexpressed
in two samples (1.6%). The 5-year overall survival rate of the patients was 28.3%. The
5-year survival rate of patients who were EGFR positive was 9.5% and 34.1% for those
who were EGFR negative. Screening for EGFR should be considered in cervical cancer
patients. HER2 was overexpressed in two cervical tissue samples in this study and may
be of poor interest as a potential target in the management of cervical cancer patients.
Large prospective multi-institutional studies should be considered to further explore the
relationship between EGFR and survival in cervical cancer patients.
Systemic inflammation response index and aggregate inflammation systemic index in male and female cancers: Implication for gender-based immunotherapy
(Modestum DOO, 2023) Jimoh, M. A.; Arinola, G. O.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Adenipekun, A.
"Background: Several blood cell ratios have emerged as easy and minimally evasive inflammatory markers of cancer progression and management. Systemic inflammation response index (SIRI) and aggregate inflammation systemic index (AISI), which are reliable indicators of inflammation because they are calculated using more than two immune cells, have not been widely studied. The present study is particularly important in delineating gender-based cancers and to suggest inflammation based therapy.
Methods: SIRI and AISI were calculated from differential white blood cell counts using automatic hematology analyzer in 50 cervical patients, 50 prostate cancer patients and 61 corresponding controls.
Results: Mean values of SIRI and AISI were significantly raised in cervical cancer patients and prostate cancer patients compared with corresponding control. The mean white blood cell and neutrophil counts were significantly raised while SIRI, monocyte counts and AISI were significantly reduced in prostate cancer patients compared with cervical cancer patients.
Conclusions: This study suggests that inflammation is a phenomenon in cervical- and prostate- cancer patients but the impact of inflammation might be more in cervical cancer patients, suggesting that sex hormones might limit the efficacy of broad spectrum single cancer immunotherapy for both sexes.
Sexual characteristics of patients with prostate cancer seen for radiation treatment
(ecancer Global Foundation, 2023) Abdus-Salam, A. A.; Jimoh, M.; Ehiedu, C. G.
Background: Prostate cancer was estimated to be the second most diagnosed cancer and the fifth leading cause of cancer mortality among men, with an estimated 1.4 million new cases and 375,000 deaths globally in 2020. There are significant changes in sexual activities and subsequent changes in quality of life associated with the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. Sexual problems experienced by prostate cancer patients include erectile dysfunction, reduced sexual desire, reduced sexual function, problems with ejaculation, as well as problems with orgasm, and these could occur before and/or after treatment. This study aims to highlight the sexual characteristics of prostate cancer patients, which would help identify altered sexuality that might require intervention by healthcare providers. Method: All patients who presented with pathologically diagnosed, organ-confined prostate cancer referred for high-dose-rate brachytherapy were approached for participation in the study. An interviewer-administered questionnaire was administered to the consenting patients. Results: A total of 56 patients gave consent for the study out of 60. All the patients were married, with 5 (8.9%) having multiple wives. Only ten respondents (17.9%) reported having other sexual partners besides their wives. More than half of the patients (34) (60.7%) started having sexual intercourse between the ages of 18 and 20. Many patients claimed that the diagnosis of prostate cancer had affected their sexual lives. About half of the respondents (44.6%) believed that their partners were less satisfied with their sexual performance, as evidenced by the loss of partners (5.4%), partners refusing sexual advances (14.3%), partners complaints (10.7%), and partners' reduced inclination to ask for sex (33.9%). One patient expressed fears of passing the disease to their partners. Conclusion: The management of prostate cancer should include sex therapy and rehabilitation in couples from the point of diagnosis to maintain sexual function as close as possible to that in the general population in order to maintain an improved quality of life.