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Molecular Identification of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides F SP Manihotis causing Cassava Anthracnose in Nigeria
(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2021) Owolade, O. F.; Dixon, A. G. O.; Idowu, O. T. H.; Akande, S. R.; Olakojo, S. A.; Afolabi, C. G.; Tedela, P. O.; Popoola, A. R.; Adeoti, A. Y. A.; Enikuomehin, A. O.; Aduramigba, A. O.
Sixty isolates of C. gloeosporioides f sp manihotis causing anthracnose disease of cassava (Manihot esculenta) were identified to species using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) primers for a ribosomal internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region. The isolates were evaluated for genetic variation at 40 putative genetic loci with Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphic (RFLP) rDNA and microsatellite markers. Upon ITS PCR and enzymatic digestion of PCR products, all the cassava isolates were distinguished from all Colletotrichum reference isolates by the absence of protease activity on casein hydrolysis medium (CHM). Three forms of C. gloeosporioides f sp manihotis were found associated with CAD in Nigeria: the slow-growing grey (SGG), fast-growing grey (FGG), and fast-growing salmon (FGS). These forms were confirmed as C. gloeosporioides f sp manihotis on the production of unique ITS RFLP patterns different from all other reference isolates. Sequence analysis of ITSI and ITS2 regions also revealed that all the isolates were highly similar with 95 - 100% nucleotide identity and 90.0 98.8% similarity to other Colletotrichum gloeosporioides reference isolates. The similarity between C. gloeosporioides f sp manihotis, and other Colletotrichum reference isolates was less than 90%. This is a confirmation of the fact that three forms of C. gloeosporioides f sp manihotis are the causal agents of anthracnose disease of cassava.
Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Nigeria using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers
(Academic Journals, 2012) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Asiedu, R.; Odebode, A. C.; Owolade, O. F.
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria. Differential cultivars and amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity among 39 isolates of the pathogen. Fourteen (14) pathotypes of the pathogen were identified based on inoculation of a differential set of Dioscorea alata genotypes of which pathotype P11 was the most virulent attacking all differential D. alata host genotypes, while pathotype P8 was the least virulent. 52% of the isolates were avirulent, 23% were slightly virulent and 25% were virulent. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis confirmed genetic variation among the C. gloeosporioides isolates and was effective in establishing genetic relationships between them. However, the grouping of the isolates based on AFLP analysis was not directly related to virulence groups or geographical origin of the isolates. The genetic variation in C. gloeosporioides is important in choosing strategies to develop durable resistance
Resistance to anthracnose disease (Colletotrichum gloeosporioides) in four selected yam (Dioscorea alata l.) cultivars yam cultivars
(Botanical Society of Nigeria, 2012) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C.; Asiedu, R.; Jaiyeola, A.
Four genotypes (TDa 294. TDa 85/00250, TDa 95-14 and TDa 94-72) of Dioscorea alata Linn, obtained from International Institute of Tropical agriculture (with differences in reaction to anthracnose disease) were studied using light microscopy to determine the susceptibility of the genotypes to Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Leaf cuticles of the resistant yam cultivars (TDa 294. TDa 85/ 00250) were thicker compared to the susceptible yam cutivars (TDa 95-14 and TDa 94-72). The leaves of D. alata cultivars ,TDa 294, TDa 85/00250, TDa 95-14 and TDa 94-72 were still intact 24 hours after inoculation with spores of C. gloeosporioides. There was no symptom development on leaves from the resistant (TDa 294, TDa 85/00250) and susceptible cultivars (TDa 95-14, TDa 94- 72). However, by the third day, symptoms appeared on leaves from susceptible cultivars which started as small (about 2 mm) dark brown lesions and later enlarged (5-7 mm), coalesced and developed into typical water-soaked anthracnose lesions. The control leaves were intact and without lesion. This suggests that resistance to anthracnose disease caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides may be controlled through cuticular variations
Application and Fungal Incidence and Variability of stored Maize Seeds
(OMICS Publishing Group, 2013) Sobowale, A. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Egberongbe, H. O.
Comparison of similarity coefficients and clustering methods with amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from yam
(Elixir, 2014) Ojurongbe, T. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Schachtel, G.; Frisch, M
The choice of the similarity coefficient used in clustering could have great impact on the resulting classification, there is need to study and understand these coefficients better to be able to make the right choice for specific situations. In this study, variations caused by three similarity coefficients: Dice, Jaccard and Simple matching with five clustering methods: (Unweighted Pair-Group Mean Arithmetic (UPGMA), Weighted Pair-Group Mean Arithmetic(WPGMA), complete linkage, single linkage and Neighbour-Joining with AFLP markers in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from yam were assessed. Comparison among the similarity coefficients and clustering methods were made using correlation analysis, multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis. Dendrogram topology was compared using consensus fork index (CFI) and node counts. The grouping of the pathogens by the markers is not related to their agro-ecological zones. The CFI results showed varying level of similarity for the cluster analysis CA methods. It was observed that high correlation does not necessarily imply similarity in the topology of a tree, therefore care should be taken in its interpretation. The cophenetic correlation with original distances suggests that the UPGMA method gives consistent results with respect to grouping irrespective of the similarity coefficient. The use of UPGMA method is therefore recommended for its consistency