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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Evaluation of Serum and Salivary IgG in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
(SCIENCEDOMAIN, 2013) Lasisi, T. J.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Lasisi, O. A.; Akang, E. E. U
Aims: To evaluate salivary and serum IgG levels in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and healthy control subjects and to assess the effect of treatment on IgG levels.Study Design: A cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Oral Pathology and Department of Radiotherapy, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria between January 2010 and December 2010. Methodology: Seventy eight subjects comprising 30 patients with untreated HNSCC, 18patients with HNSCC receiving treatment and 30 healthy, age and gender-matched individuals were included. Serum and salivary samples from the participants were analysed for total IgG using ELISA technique. Results: The mean serum IgG in untreated and treated HNSCC patients was significantly lower compared with healthy controls (P=.001), while mean salivary IgG was significantly elevated (P=.001) in untreated HNSCC patients compared with treated and healthy controls. There was no significant correlation between serum and salivary IgG levels. Conclusion: In patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, serum IgG was reduced while salivary IgG was elevated compared with healthy controls. Our finding suggests differential roles of immunoglobulin G in serum and saliva of patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Hence, salivary IgG may be a useful biomarker in patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, while serum IgG levels may be useful in monitoring treatment in these individuals.
Clinocopathological Features of Renal Cell Carcinoma seen at a Radiotherapy Centre in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2012) Abdus-salam, A. A.; Taiwo, T. T.
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a rare but lethal disease that accounts for about 2-3% of all adult malignancies. Reports from developing countries indicate a rising incidence while studies in our environment are sparse. The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence, pattern of presentation and outcome of treatment of patients with RCC seen at the Radiotherapy Clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. A 25 year retrospective study of patients treated for RCC was conducted. Case file records were retrieved and information on patients’ socio demographic data, presentation pattern, histology, treatment received and outcome of treatment were extracted. A total of twenty four (24) patients were seen within this period. A higher percentage of patients were female (62.5%) while males accounted for only 37.5%. The mean patient age was 42.9 years. Hematuria, loin pain and flank mass accounted for 80%, 37.5% and 28% of the presenting complaints respectively. Only 12.5% of patients presented with the classic triad of hematuria, loin pain and flank mass. Majority of the patients (62.5%) presented with advanced metastatic diseases. The commonest site of metastasis was the spine (29.2%). About two-third (67%) of patients had surgery. All patients had radiotherapy; 50% to the primary sites, 37.5% to metastatic sites and 12.5% to both metastatic and primary sites. All patients who presented with metastasis had chemotherapy. Only 4 patients (17%) were disease-free at the end of the first year post treatment while only 1 was reported dead. The rest were either lost to follow-up (42%) or referred for palliative care (25%) as a result of disease progression. Renal cell carcinoma is a rare malignancy in Nigeria and patients often present late. Physicians working in this region needs to have high index of suspicion to diagnose the disease early as the outcome of treatment in late cases is poor.
Measurement of Scattered Radiation Dose to the Eyes, Breasts and Gonads of Patients During External Beam Radiation
(2011) Elumelu-Kupoluyi, T. N.; Akinlade, B. I.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Adenipekun, A. A.
In Nigeria data on radiation doses to critical organs outside primary radiation beams during radiotherapy is sparse therefore the extent to which other parts of patient’s body are protected during treatment could not be quantified. In clinical studies on measurement of radiation dose to critical structures, even though the doses are relatively low, have been associated with cardiac toxicity and increased risk of secondary cancer. This study is aimed at measuring scattered radiation to the eyes, breasts and gonads, of patients during Cobalt-60 external beam radiotherapy. Thirty patients with malignancy in the abdomen, breast, cervix and head and neck who consented to participate were studied. Scattered radiation was measured with thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) using calibrated Lithium Fluoride (LiF) phosphor and TLD Reader, Harshaw 4500. Scattered radiation dose to the eyes, breast and gonads from the treatment fields considered are: Abdomen (0.46 ± 0.10 Gy, 0.52 ± 0.10 Gy and 0.76 ± 0.50 Gy); Breast (0.58 ± 0.10 Gy, 1.10 ± 0.40 Gy and 0.50 ± 0.10 Gy); Head and neck (1.42 ± 1.10 Gy, 0.45 ± 0.10 Gy and 0.49 ± 0.10 Gy); Pelvis (0.50 ± 0.10 Gy, 0.48 ± 0.10 Gy and Nil). Gonads were not measured during irradiation of pelvic region. In this preliminary study, the scattered doses to the critical organs were found to be higher than the radiation level (0.1 Gy) at which cancer risk is considered unlikely. Further study is aimed at exploring treatment approach that would reduce scattered dose to the bearest minimum. [Elumelu-Kupoluyi T. N., Akinlade B. I., Abdus-salam A. A. and Adenipekun A. A. Measurement of Scattered Radiation Dose to The Eyes, Breasts and Gonads of Patients During External Beam Radiation Therapy.
Pattern of Breast Cancer Metastasis at the Radiotherapy Clinic, Ibadan - A Ten-Year Review
(2011) Elumelu, T. N.; Adenipekun, A. A.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Bojude, A. D.
Introduction: - Breast cancer is the commonest cancer among Nigerian women. In Nigeria and indeed Africa and most underdeveloped countries, majority of patients with breast cancer present to the Hospital late with advanced disease. At this stage, the cancer involves the axillary nodes, it may be attached to the underlying muscles and distant metastases are almost certainly present. The primary treatment intent therefore is palliative. Objective: The aim of this study is to determine the pattern of metastasis of breast cancer among patients treated at Radiotherapy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan. Methodology: Five hundred and eighteen patients with histological diagnosis of breast cancer seen between 2000 and 2009 were studied. Results: There 5 were Males and 513 Females. The mean age was 48.15 years and 63.5% were between the ages of 30 and 50 years. Fifty eight percent of the women were premenopausal while 42% were postmenopausal. The percentage of patients that presented with stages 1, 11, 111 & 1V diseases were 6.2%, 24.7%, 38.8% and 30.3% respectively. The overall incidence of metastasis to distant organs were lung 25.7%, bone 24.1%, liver 7.7%, brain 5.8%, contra lateral breast 0.6% and kidney 0.2%. Conclusion: Based on the data obtained from this study, breast cancer mostly occurred among young women. Compared to earlier studies in Nigeria, breast cancer patients still present late with advanced stage disease with distant metastasis. Baseline bone scan, chest X-ray and abdominopelvic ultrasound scan are recommended for breast cancer patients before commencing treatment to enhance early detection of metastasis. Efforts should be increased towards early detection and treatment.
Quality of life in Patients with Head and Neck cancer on radiotherapy Treatment at Ibadan
(Nigerian Quarterly Journal of Hospital Medicine (official journal of the Association of General and Private Medical Practitioners of Nigeria), 2011) Elumelu, T. N.; Adenipekun, A. A.; Abdus-salam, A. A.; Bojude, A. D.; Campbell, O. B.
Head and neck cancers (HNC) include a wide range of cancers that occur in different sites of the head and neck region. HNC constitutes 5-50% of all cancers globally and 5-8% of total body cancers in Europe and America. It is difficult to appreciate the burden of HNC in Nigeria because most studies available are hospital based. The aims of this study are to assess and compare the health related quality of life (HRQOL) in HNC patients before and at the end of radiotherapy treatment and to assess the effect of gender and stage of disease on HRQOL. This is a prospective study involving 100 patients with HNC at the Radiotherapy Department, University College Hospital, Ibadan, using two European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) Quality of Life Questionnaires (QLQ), namely the General Cancer questionnaire (C30-QLQ) and Head and Neck Cancer specific questionnaire (H&N35-QLQ). The (HRQOL) was assessed pre-treatment and post radiotherapy. Fifty eight (58) were males while the rest were females. Their mean age was 49.86 years. Majority of patients are of the low socioeconomic class and had advanced disease. There was deterioration of HRQOL during treatment, with the nasopharynx and oropharynx tumours having more problems compared with other tumour sites. Role functioning, social functioning, pain, use of pain killers and financial difficulty were the most experienced symptoms. There is a reduction in the quality of life of the patients in the course of treatment. Pain is the main problem of these HNC patients, it requires more attention by the caregiver and awareness programs are needed to encourage early presentation.