UISpace
Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Geodatabase and Health Risk Assessment of Avenue Trees on Selected Roads in a Tertiary Institution in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Joint Coordination Centre of the World Bank assisted National Agricultural Research Programme (NARP), 2024) Israel, R.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Mshelia, Z. H.; Oluwajuwon, T.V.
Campuses of Nigerian universities, especially the older ones, are home to aged trees that were originally planted for environmental beautification and aesthetics. However, due to the current global climate change and increased vulnerability to abiotic and biotic stressors, the old trees could pose threats to pedestrians, structures, and roads within the university campus environments. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to develop a geodatabase and evaluate the health risk assessment of avenue trees on selected roads in a tertiary institution in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria using appropriate standard methods. Results obtained reported a total of 121 individual avenue trees belonging to 14 species along the study roads. The geospatial distribution analysis revealed that Emotan road had a lower density of avenue trees compared to Benue and Oduduwa roads. Furthermore, the health risk assessment indicated that 17.35% of the individual avenue trees had defects, posing potential hazards and risks of tree failure, and potential damage to pedestrians, vehicles, and neighboring utilities. The developed geodatabase is user-friendly and allows for easy data storage and quick information retrieval on the avenue trees, enhancing their maintenance and risk management. Furthermore, this study shows that systematic replacement, replanting, and management of avenue tree species could be a proactive initiative for the expansion of the geodatabase and to reduce negative health impacts.
Potential dual expansion of domesticated donkeys revealed by worldwide analysis on mitochondrial sequences
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2020) Xi-Yao Ma,; Tiao Ning,; Adeniyi C. A.; Jie Li,; Esmailizadeh, A.; Jacqueline, K.; Adedokun, A. M. A.; Olaogun, S. C.
Molecular studies on donkey mitochondrial sequences have clearly defined two distinct maternal lineages involved in domestication. However, domestication histories of these two lineages remain enigmatic. We therefore compared several population characteristics between these two lineages based on global sampling, which included 171 sequences obtained in this study (including Middle Asian, East Asian, and African samples) plus 536 published sequences (including European, Asian, and African samples). The two lineages were clearly separated from each other based on whole mitochondrial genomes and partial non-coding displacement loop (D-loop) sequences, respectively. The Clade I lineage experienced an increase in population size more than 8 000 years ago and shows a complex haplotype network. In contrast, the population size of the Clade II lineage has remained relatively constant, with a simpler haplotype network. Although the distribution of the two lineages was almost equal across the Eurasian mainland, they still presented discernible but complex geographic bias in most parts of Africa, which are known as their domestication sites. Donkeys from sub-Saharan Africa tended to descend from the Clade I lineage, whereas the Clade II lineage was dominant along the East and North coasts of Africa. Furthermore, the migration routes inferred from diversity decay suggested different expansion across China between the two lineages. Altogether, these differences indicated non-simultaneous domestication of the two lineages, which was possibly influenced by the response of pastoralists to the desertification of the Sahara and by the social expansion and trade of ancient humans in Northeast Africa, respectively.
Assessment of land surface temperature and factors influencing urban green space dynamics in Sapele, Delta State of Nigeria
(Faculty of Agriculture, Usmanu Danfodiyo, Sokoto, Nigeria, 2024) Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Joy, A.; Komolafe, O.O.
Forest is a carbon sink contributing to the tropical Land Surface Temperature (LST) changes. However, information on the nexus between Urban Green Space (UGS) and LST of most cities is limited. Therefore, spatiotemporal variability in UGS and LST, and factors affecting UGS dynamics were examined in Sapele, Delta State, Nigeria. Landsat imageries of 2002, 2012, and 2022 were obtained and classified using Iso Cluster Classification with point pixel-based correction for accuracy improvement. The LST was extracted from the imageries. Relationship between NDVI and LST was established using R. Structured questionnaire was used to elucidate information on factors affecting UGS (FAUGS); population growth (PG), lack of law enforcement (LLE), demand for timber (DT), agricultural expansion (AE), overgrazing (O), soil characteristics (SC), urban sprawl (US) and lack of land tenure system (LLTS), using logit regression at α=0.05. Four LULC were identified; UGS, water bodies, bare land, and built-up areas. The UGS decreased from 88.55% in 2002 to 81.83% in 2022, built-up area expanded from 4.64% to 12.55%. Highest mean LST (27.46°C) and lowest NDVI (0.54) were recorded in 2012, least LST (26.46°C) and highest NDVI (0.69) were recorded in 2002. Negative nexus was observed between NDVI and LST for 2002 (-0.453), to 2022 (-0.393). The odd ratio showed that PG (1.2x108), US (13.8), and LLTS (3.0) significantly affected UGS dynamics with the regression model (FAUGS) = -9.7 + 18.6(PG) – 8.0(LLE) - 23.61(DT) - 18.5(AE) -10.8(O) - 25.7(SC) + 2.6(US) + 1.1(LLTS). This study affirmed that urban green space was affected by urbanization.
Clinical and Humanistic Outcomes of Pharmaceutical Care Interventions in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
(West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, 2019) Showande, J.S.; Akande-Sholabi, W.; Fakeye, T.O
Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease for which life-long medications and care are needed. Effectiveness of care is related to good glycemic control, which is desired to forestall complications.
Objective: This study evaluated the effectiveness of pharmaceutical care (PC) services provided by
pharmacists in improving clinical and humanistic outcomes in diabetes mellitus patients.
Method: Five databases (PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Control Trials and Google Scholar) were systematically searched for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) reported in English using free text and medical subject headings keywords. Studies which had PC intervention arm, a control group, type1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus patients; clinical and/or humanistic outcomes were included. For metaanalysis, standard mean difference evaluated with random effect model at P<0.05 was reported. Significant heterogeneity was further evaluated with sensitivity and subgroup analyses.
Results: A total of 41 RCTs with 7,448 patients were eligible out of 1222 citations. PC intervention significantly lowered glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (P < 0.05), with significant heterogeneity. PC intervention also improved self-care but medication adherence, disease knowledge and quality of life were not improved. PC services offered (patient education, identification and resolution of drug therapy problems, and pharmacotherapy evaluation) were not uniform across the studies.
Conclusion: The review and meta-analysis showed that PC intervention is of great benefit to improve most clinical outcomes which may result in better disease management. A call is however made for standardized pharmaceutical care intervention.
Optimising Sampling Design with Semivariogram for Vegetation Survey of Derived Savannah, Ogun State, Nigeria
(unique scientific publishers, 2024) Banjo, O. B.; Akintunde-Alo, D. A.; Ige, P. O.
Vegetation survey is useful for biodiversity conservation and management. Sampling design strategies oftentimes fail to capture the heterogeneous vegetation structure of area being studied due to cost and time constraint. The study aimed to determine the optimum sampling design for vegetation assessment in the study area by characterizing spatial structure and identifying extent of spatial correlation in data points. Hypothetical sampling scenarios of low, medium and high density random and transect sample plots of (3 x 3 km) were laid on Normalised Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) from Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) satellite imagery of the study area. NDVI values were extracted for the respective sampling scenarios. Data were subjected to descriptive statistics and fitted to spherical, exponential and Gaussian’s semivariogram models. Best fitted models were evaluated by Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values. Nugget, sill and range parameters of the best fitted semivariogram models described the spatial structure of the vegetation cover in the study area. Therefore, the parameter estimates guided the selection of medium density random sample plots and low density transect-laid sample plots as the optimized sampling design most suitable for vegetation survey in derived savannah ecosystem of Ogun State, Nigeria.