UISpace
Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Please Click to View Repository
- Centre for Educational Media Resources
- College of Medicine
Recent Submissions
Antimicrobial Susceptibility Profiling and detection of Cefotaxime- Resistant Escherichia coli from Commercial Laying Hens, Indigenous Ducks and Chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024) Amosun, E. A.; Kolapo, A. M.; Ojja, C. V.
Cefotaxime is a critically important antimicrobial agent for thè treatment of infections in humans and animals. The upsurge in thè incidence of cefotaxime-resistant Escherichia coti from animai sources is of global public health importance. Avian pathogenic Escherichia coti is a Gram negative zoonotic bacterial pathogen. Infections by Escherichia coti usually occur following consumption of foods and water contaminated with faeces. The development of antimicrobial resistance in Escherichia coti is a concem worldwide. This study evaluated thè prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility and cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti in commercial laying hens, indigenous ducks and chickens in Ibadan, Nigeria. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates from thè cloacae of these poultry sources were tested for antimicrobial agents. The overall isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti was 6.5% (6/93), 3.2% (3/93) and 10.0% (20/200) from indigenous ducks, indigenous chickens and commercial laying hens respectively. Cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti isolates were 89.7%, 86.2%, 65.5%, 55.2%, 37.9%, 27.6%, 20.7% and 20.7% resistant to sulphamethoxazole, tetracycline, ceftazidime, amoxicillin -clavulanic acid, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and ceftriaxone respectively. Whereas, 75.9%, 68.9%, 62.1%, 51.7%, 41.4%, 27.6%,10.3% and 10.3% susceptible to ceftriaxone, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, chloramphenicol, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, ceftazidime, sulphamethoxazone and tetracycline respectively. Multidrug resistant (MDR) was observed in 89.7% (26/29) of thè isolates which exhibited 2 (in indigenous ducks), 3 (in indigenous chickens) and 13 (in commercial laying hens) different MDR pattems to 7 antimicrobial classes of drug. Higher isolation rate of cefotaxime resistant Escherichia coti and remarkable numbers of thè isolates from commercial laying hens showed multidrug resistant than that of indigenous ducks and chickens. Misused of drugs was predicted in commercial laying hens. This study showed that thè indigenous ducks and chickens harbour multidrug resistant Escherichia coti and may contribute to environmental contamination through faecal shedding.
Prevalence of Pseudomonas Species, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus in milk samples of apparently normal lactating cows at various cattle farms in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University in Egypt, 2023) Amosun, E. A.; Adedokun, R. A. M.; Banwo, O. G.; Akhaine, S.; Amoo, O.; Jeremiah, O. T.
This study was aimed at identifying the most significant bacteria isolates in the udder quarters as pathogenic causes of subclinical mastitis, and as well to investigate antibiotic sensitivity of the isolated organisms. The study was carried out at three cattle farm locations in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. A total number of 105 apparently healthy lactating cows without udder inflammation were sampled for milk; sampling by hand stripping was done after swabbing the teats with cotton wool dipped in alcohol and discarding the first stripping. Culture and isolation techniques, as well as biochemical tests of milk samples from the four quarters of udders of the 105 apparently healthy cows were carried out. In addition, an in vitro antibacterial sensitivity test was performed for six classes of antibacterial agents. A test of independent assessment (Chi-square test) was used to determine if association existed between the bacterial species collectively isolated and the affected animals (p = 0.716) or quarters (p = <0.000). The study established the presence of subclinical mastitis associated with known pathogens of which Pseudomonas species (67.9%), Staphylococcus aureus (53.6%) and Escherichia coli (14.3%) were most significant in decreasing order of quarter distribution in average percentages. The study further revealed differences in susceptibility of the various quarters and spread of infection. The isolated pathogens were generally most susceptible to the fluoroquinolones while varying degrees of resistance was a finding for other classes of antibacterial used possibly due to their prolonged and indiscriminate use; and this calls for caution by animal health care providers.
Prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases Producing Enterobacteriaceae in Sheep and Goats from Selected Markets in Ibadan, Oyo-State, Nigeria
(Faculty of Basic Medical Scienecs, University of Ibadan, 2023) Adetunji, F. E.; Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, I. O.; Ojo, O. E.
Antìmicrobial misuse, unhygienic husbandry practices, dose interaction between humans and animai as obtained in livestock market facilitate thè emergence, dissemination and transmission of resistant Enterobacteriaceae. These organisms are responsible for various intestinal and extra-intestinal infections in human and animals. According to this report, thè prevalence of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae in sheep and goats from selected markets in Ibadan. Three hundred and four (304) samples were collected for a cross-sectional survey among thè sheep and goat markets in Ibadan. From thè same sheep and goats, 152 milk samples and 152 faeces samples were collected. In order to identify any antibiotic-resistant Enterobacteriaceae, these samples underwent bacteriological analysis. On MacConkey agar plates with 1 mg/L cefotaxime added, all samples were cultivated. Utilizing a biochemical test kit (Oxoid Microbact GNB 24E®), thè isolates were identified. ESBL products were evaluated utilizing a doublé disc diffusion test with discs impregnated with cefpodoxime and cefpodoxime-clavulanic acid. By using thè disc diffusion approach, antibiotic resistance was identified. Data was analysed using descriptive statistics. Eighty-eight ampicillin resistant Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated from 304 samples collected and 23 (26.1%) of thè isolates were cefotaxime- resistant Enterobacteriaceae isolates. Only 9(10.2%) were confirmed phenotypic ESBL-producers and they were all from faeces. AH ESBL -producing Enterobacteriaceae were E. coli strain and showed 100% resistance to tetracycline and ceftazidime, 77.8% resistance to amoxicillin and sulphamethoxazole but susceptible to gentamycin and ciprofioxacin in this investigation. The ESBL-producing E. coli isolates showed different antibiotic resistance pattems. In this study, 100% of ESBL-producing E. coli were multidrug- resistant, showing resistance to at least three separate classes of antibiotics. Public awareness of thè significance of stringent hygiene in animai husbandry needs to be raised in light of thè possible threat that thè existence of multidrug resistant ESBL-producing E. coli in small ruminants poses to public health
Antimicrobial Resistance Profiling of Escherichia coli Isolated from Chickens in Northern Province of Rwanda.
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Cyuzuzo, E.; Amosun, E. A.; Byukusenge, M.; Musanayire, V.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global public health concern due to inappropriate antimicrobial-use in humans and animals including poultry. Escherichia coli have been proposed as one of the pathogens to be used for AMR surveillance. The goal of current study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli in chickens in Northern Province of Rwanda. A cross- sectional study was conducted between June and August 2021; the chickens were randomly selected in each of the twenty farms that were included in the study. The samples were collected from cloaca and from farm environment. E. coli was isolated and identified and antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done using disc diffusion method. The results were defined as resistance(R), susceptible(S) and intermediate (I). After Data processing, they were entered in Microsoft Excel for analysis. The data were presented as frequencies and percentages. In total, 384 samples were collected (139 in Gakenke, 114 in Rulindo and 131 in Musanze Districts). E. coli was isolated from 162(42.18%) among which 40 (24.7%) were from Musanze District, 57(35.2%) from Gakenke District and 65 (40.1%) were from Rulindo District. The highest resistance was observed for tetracycline (69.8%) followed by cotrimoxazole (39.5%). The highest susceptibility was observed for gentamycin (100%) followed by ciprofloxacin (96.9%) and amoxicillin (66%). This study indicated the presence of E. coli in chickens of Northern Province of Rwanda and a large number of antibiotic resistant E. coli were isolated. Therefore, the government should set policies to control the use of antibiotics on farms.
Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella species isolated from ducks and indigenous chickens in live bird markets in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale Teramo, Italy, 2022) Kolapo, A.; Amosun, E. A.; Olatoye, O.; Adeoye, F.; Oladele, O.
This study investigated the occurrence of Escherichia coli 0157:H7 and Salmonella spp. and their antimicrobial susceptibility from ducks and indigenous chickens in major live-bird markets at Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. Thirty-one cloacae samples were each collected from both ducks and indigenous chickens, in three different sample locations for a total of 186 cloaca swab samples. Isolation of Escherichia coli (E. coli) was done using MacConkey agar and Sorbitol MacConkey agar selective for £ coli 0157:1-17, while serological latex agglutination test kit was used to confirm isolates. Rappaport Vassiliadis and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate agar were used for Salmonella spp. Antibiotic susceptibility was determined using the disc diffusion method and interpreted using the CLSI 2020 standards. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Fisher's exact test (p < 0.05). Escherichia coli 0157:1-17 was confirmed in 31 samples (16.7%). £ coli isolates showed high resistance (90.3- 93.5%) to cefuroxime, cefixime, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, while they were highly susceptible to ofloxacin (96.8%) and gentamycin (80.7%). Salmonella was confirmed in 24 samples (12.9%). Salmonella showed 100% resistance to cefuroxime, cefixime ceftazidime, and amoxicillin, but was highly susceptible to gentamycin (91.7%) and nitrofurantoin (66.7%). No statistically significant association (p<0.05) was observed between the occurrence of £ coli 0157 and Salmonella within the three live-bird markets. This study reveals that £ coli and Salmonella spp. occur in ducks and indigenous chickens from major live bird markets in Ibadan, Oyo state with antimicrobial susceptibility. Findings from this study underscores the need for further studies on these pathogenic organisms from ducks in Nigeria because there is paucity of data on this species of poultry that may serve as reservoir for these zoonotic organisms.