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Glycine exerts renal antioxidant effects and restores hemodynamic alterations in Rats treated with Diclofenac Sodium: Roles of renal Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor and Mineralocortocoid Receptor
(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Larbie, C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Saba, A. B.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.
Diclofenac (DIC) is known to alter renal function in the form of hemodynamically-mediated acute renal failure. This study evaluated the protective role of the amino acid, glycine (Gly) on nephrotoxicity and acute hemodynamic alterations induced by DIC (9 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=7/group) including Group A (control); Group B (DIC-treated), Groups C (DIC + Gly1, 250 mg/kg) and Group D (DIC + Gly2 500 mg/kg). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats treated with DIC alone, compared to control. Kidneys from DIC-treated rats showed altered histology with significantly (p<0.05) increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, but decreased glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Immunohistochemistry revealed down-regulation of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), but increased expressions of angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in DIC-treated rats. However, pre-treatment with Gly reversed most of the aforementioned effects of DIC. The present results suggest that oral glycine protected kidney tissues and restored DIC-induced hemodynamic changes by modifying renal expression of the renin-angiotensin-mineralocortocoid pathway and/or renal oxidative stress.
Glycine exerts renal antioxidant effects and restores hemodynamic alterations in Rats treated with Diclofenac Sodium: Roles of renal Angiotensin Converting Enzyme, Angiotensin II Receptor and Mineralocortocoid Receptor
(Biomedical Communications Group, Ibadan, 2023) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ajibade, T. O.; Adetona, M. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. D. A.; Larbie, C.; Omobowale, T. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Adedapo, A. A.; Saba, A. B.; Oguntibeju, O. O.; Yakubu, M. A.
Diclofenac (DIC) is known to alter renal function in the form of hemodynamically-mediated acute renal failure. This study evaluated the protective role of the amino acid, glycine (Gly) on nephrotoxicity and acute hemodynamic alterations induced by DIC (9 mg/kg) in male Wistar rats. The rats were divided into four groups (n=7/group) including Group A (control); Group B (DIC-treated), Groups C (DIC + Gly1, 250 mg/kg) and Group D (DIC + Gly2 500 mg/kg). Systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures were significantly (p<0.05) reduced in rats treated with DIC alone, compared to control. Kidneys from DIC-treated rats showed altered histology with significantly (p<0.05) increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) and protein carbonyl contents, but decreased glutathione (GSH) glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Immunohistochemistry revealed down-regulation of renal angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE), but increased expressions of angiotensin type II receptor (AT2R) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) in DIC-treated rats. However, pre-treatment with Gly reversed most of the aforementioned effects of DIC. The present results suggest that oral glycine protected kidney tissues and restored DIC-induced hemodynamic changes by modifying renal expression of the renin-angiotensin-mineralocortocoid pathway and/or renal oxidative stress.
Chemical composition and healing potential of essential oil of Dennettia tripetala on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: infected wound model
(Springer Science+Business Media (Springer Nature), 2022) Adesida, S. A.; Iyebeye, M. I.; Aina, O. O; Peters, R. F.; Ezeaku, C. C.; Amosun, E. A.
Background: Dennettia tripetala (Pepperfruit) is an important medicinal plant in some West African communities. This study was designed to examine thè antibacterial properties and wound-healing abilities of D. tripetala essential oil on mice with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections. Gas chromatography-mass spectrom- etry (GC-MS) was used to analyse thè essential oil (EO) extracted by hydro-distillation from thè dried fruits of D. tripetala. MRSA was identified using 30 pg cefoxitin disk, CHROMagar, and Polymerase Chain Reaction. Congo red agar and tube technique were used toassessthe production of biofìlms.The antimicrobial susceptibilityfor both antibiot- ics and essential oil was determined by Kirby Bauer and broth dilution methods. Eleven male mice were used in thè in vivo study, and each animai had wound infection on thè dorsal inter-scapular skin region created with a 6 mm biopsy punch and 50 pi (adjusted to 0.5 McFarland standard) of MRSA. The size ofthe wound and its histological characteris- tics were used to estimate healing rate.
Results: The GC-MS investigation ofthe essential oil revealed six compounds, with benzene (2-nitroethyl) being thè most prominent. Out ofthe eighteen (18) isolates examined, 12 MRSA strains were identified using thè three methods for methicillin resistance determination, with about 80% of them being classified as biofilm producers. More than 60% ofthe MRSA isolates were resistant to erythromycin, fusidic acid, gentamicin and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole.
The essential oil had greater antibacterial activity than thè reference antibiotic, vancomycin.The essential oil had a minimum inhibitory concentration of80 l/ml and a minimum bactericidal concentration of 160 l/ml (v/v). Haema- toxylin and eosin staining revealed that thè skin tissue that had been exposed to D. tripetala essential oil had a thicker epithelial layer, numerousfibroblasts, a build-up of collagen, and many blood cells.
Condusions: The results showed that D. tripetala essential oil has powerful anti-staphylococcal properties as well as thè capacity to expedite wound healing.This suggests that D. tripetala essential oil could be a successful candidate for developing a topical agent for wound management.
Multidrug resistant Enterohaemorrhagic Esherichia coli serogroups in the faeces of hunted wildlife, Abeokuta, Nigeria
(Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale dell'Abruzzo e del Molise "G. Caporale Teramo, Italy, 2022) Ojo, O. E.; Amosun, E. A.; Opebiyi, O. O.; Oyekunle, M. A.; Dipeolu, M. A.; Otesile, E. B.
Wildlife plays significant roles in the dissemination and zoonotic transmission of pathogens. The enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) are associated with complicated cases of food-borne illnesses. This study investigated the presence of EHEC serogroups (026, 045, 0103, 0145, 091, 0111, 0128, 0121 and 0157) in wildlife species: cane rats (Thryonomys swinderianus), royal antelope (Neotraguspygmaeus), African giant rats (Cricetomysgambianus) and \Naterbuck(Kobusellipsiprymnus). EHEC and non-EHEC isolates from these wildlife sources were tested for susceptibility to antimicrobial agents. Overall, 127 (83.0 %) out of 153 samples yielded E. coli. Nine (5.9%) samples were positive for EHEC belonging to three serogroups as follows: 026 (n = 2), 0111 (n = 2) and 0103 (n = 5). The EHEC isolates were from cane rats (n = 6) and royal antelope (n = 3) and possessed virulence-associated genes stx, (77.8%), stx2 (100.0%), eaeA (100.0%) and hlyA (100.0%). Overall, 127 £ coli isolates showed resistance to ampicillin (99.2%), ceftiofur (90.6%), tetracycline (90.0%), cephalexin (87.4%), cefotaxime (50.4%), streptomycin 42.5%, ceftazidime (41.7%), nalidixic acid (37.0%), ciprofloxacin (43.6%), amoxicillin/davulanic acid (32.3%), gentamicin (27.6%), sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim (25.2%), norfloxacin (17.3%) and chloramphenicol (11.0%). The role of wildlife in the dissemination and transmission of antimicrobial resistant and zoonotic bacteria should not be neglected for effective preventive and control strategies.
"Spatial Distribution of Colleges of Education and Effects on the Forest Ecosystem: A Case Study of College of Education Ikere, Nigeria"
(Timeline Publication Pvt. Ltd., 2014) Alo, A.A.; Aturamu, O.
Distribution of various Colleges of Education in Nigeria was examined. The list of Colleges of Education in the country was obtained from National Commission for Colleges of Education (NCCE) and their respective coordinates were obtained. Satellite imagery of Ikere forest reserve was obtained from Google earth while the sketch map was obtained from Ekiti State Department of Forestry (ESDF). Photographs of some parts of the forest reserve were taken. A set of 50 questionnaire was administered by the old staff of the College of Education, Ikere – Ekiti. The coordinates of various Colleges of Education obtained were loaded into ArcGIS to represent their locations on the map of Nigeria. Federal Colleges were represented with points, state colleges were represented with asterisks while private colleges were represented with upward arrows. All the attribute data obtained for Ikere forest reserve were used to generate a digital map showing the extent of all the various land use within the forest ecosystem. Various forest types were represented with polygons of different shapes and colours. Roads of different types were represented with lines of different sizes. Photographs of some parts of the forest reserves were hotlinked to reveal the actual status on the land. Administered questionnaire was coded and analyzed appropriately. It was discovered that the Colleges of Education established by the State Government were more (56.63%) than those established by the Federal Government (26.51%) while the private ownership established the least Colleges of Education (16.87%) in the country. When the spatial distribution of Colleges of Education by geopolitical zones were examined, South-West recorded the highest number (21.69%), followed by North-East (20.48%), South South (15.66%), North Central (14.46%), in that order and the least was recorded in South-East (13.25%). Forest in its natural status in Ikere forest reserve have been reduced to mere farmland, degraded land and encroached plantation of Gmelina arborea and Tectona grandis, which was not the case before the inception of the College. Old staff of College of Education Ikere Ekiti was responsible for the level of depletion of the forest reserve.