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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Factors associated with mortality and long-term outcomes of pediatric acute kidney injury in a resource limited setting
(Karger AG, Basel, 2023) Alao, M. A.; Ibrahim, O. R.; Ademola, A. D.; Asinobi, A. O.
Introduction: Despite being a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, acute kidney injury (AKI) is worse in resource-limited areas. This study explores AKI incidence, in-hospital mortality, and long-term outcomes in resource limited settings.
Methods: This was a prospective study of children with AKI from2014 to 2019. KDIGO 2012 defined AKI. We assessed the etiology, in-hospital mortality, and long-term outcome of AKI in a mission hospital.
Results: Only 169 of 201 AKI patients had complete data. The ages ranged from 1.08 months to 17.5 years; 65.7% were male and 65.1% were from lower socioeconomic class. The incidence of AKI was 59.6 cases per 1,000 persons (95%CI: 5.42, 47.1). Most patients had stage 1 KDIGO AKI (91; 53.8%). 1–5 years old had the highest incidence of AKI (65; 38.5%); sepsis (26.6%), severe malaria (15.4%), and nephrotic syndrome (14.8%) were common AKI causes. Fever (72.8%), pallor (52.1%), and vomiting (45.6%) were the most common symptoms. Thirty two (27.8%) patients had high blood pressure. In-hospital mortality was 14.8% (95% CI: 9.8, 21.1). The cumulative incidence of AKI-related mortality was 93.2 per 1,000 person years. Poor outcome was associated with breathlessness, hyponatremia, and leukocytosis. Kaplan-Meier survival curve showed 81% (CI: 74–87%) survival after 5 years of AKI. On Cox proportional-hazards analysis, the absence of breathlessness (HR: 2.537, 95%: CI 1.210–5.317) and hyponatremia (HR: 2.914, 95% CI: 1.343–6.324) were associated with increased survival.
Conclusion: In resource-limited settings, infectious diseases and nephrotic syndrome are common causes of AKI. Factors associated with mortality include breathlessness and hyponatremia
Welfare implications of domestic land grabs among rural households in Delta State, Nigeria
(Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies,, 2018) Adepoju, A. O.; Ewolor, S.; Obayelu, O. A.
Rural households are displaced from their lands without any plan in place to resettle or compensate them, for a promise of improvement in their living standards. This has not only resulted in a decline in the living standard of the rural populace, in terms of loss of land and livelihoods, the poor are also further marginalized and impoverished. This study examines the welfare implication of domestic land grabs among rural households in Delta State, Nigeria, employing primary data obtained from one hundred and seventy-three representative farming households. Descriptive analysis revealed that majority were low-income earners and engaged in farming as their major occupation. Econometric analysis revealed land size, secondary education, community leaders’ influence, compensation and the use to which the grabbed land was put into as some of the significant factors influencing domestic land grabs in the study area. Further, the size of land grabbed, no compensation for the use of land and low farm output were found to have negative effects on the welfare of the farmers. Thus, the need to intensify efforts to ensure that the rural populace is not being unreasonably dispossessed of its lands, becomes imperative. The need for commensurate compensation of rural households whose lands were grabbed and periodical checks on community leaders who positively influence domestic land acquisitions arbitrarily also becomes pertinent for improvement in the welfare of the farmers. This is especially so, if these small-scale farmers are to be significant drivers of global food security.
Cardiovascular risk factor burden and association with CKD in Ghana and Nigeria
(Elsevier Inc., 2023)
Introduction: Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD); however, the burden of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with CKD in Africa is not well characterized. We determined the prevalence of selected cardiovascular risk factors, and association with CKD in the Human Heredity for Health in Africa Kidney Disease Research Network study.
Methods: We recruited patients with and without CKD in Ghana and Nigeria. CKD was defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate of <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 and/or albuminuria as albumin-to-creatinine ratio <3.0 mg/mmol (<30 mg/g) for $3 months. We assessed self-reported (physician-diagnosis and/or use of medication) hypertension, diabetes, and elevated cholesterol; and self-reported smoking as cardiovascular risk factors. Association between the risk factors and CKD was determined by multivariate logistic regression.
Results: We enrolled 8396 participants (cases with CKD, 3956), with 56% females. The mean age (45.5 _ 15.1 years) did not differ between patients and control group. The prevalence of hypertension (59%), diabetes (20%), and elevated cholesterol (9.9%), was higher in CKD patients than in the control participants (P < 0.001). Prevalence of risk factors was higher in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] ¼ 1.69 [1.43–2.01, P < 0.001]), elevated cholesterol (aOR ¼ 2.0 [1.39–2.86, P < 0.001]), age >50 years, and body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 were independently associated with CKD. The association of diabetes and smoking with CKD was modified by other risk factors.
Conclusion: Cardiovascular risk factors are prevalent in middle-aged adult patients with CKD in Ghana and Nigeria, with higher proportions in Ghana than in Nigeria. Hypertension, elevated cholesterol, and underweight were independently associated with CKD.
Market participation of the local people in non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in Omo Forest Reserve, Nigeria
(Springer, 2017) Obayelu, O. A.; Farinola, L. A.; Adepoju, A. O.
Marketing systems for non-timber forest products (NTFPs) have evolved over centuries and are culturally rooted in the traditional practices of local people. Relative to timber marketing, marketing of NTFPs has received little attention. This study assessed the NTFPs market participation behavior of people living in Omo Forest Reserve, Ogun State, Nigeria. Primary data were collected from 192 respondents using a multistage sampling procedure and were analyzed using descriptive statistics and a Heckman model. The decision to participate in NTFPs marketing increases with being a female, larger households, greater number of males and females aged 15–64, higher dependency ratios, and being married. Conversely, it decreases with older collectors, higher educational attainment, engagement in farming activities, higher non-farm income, higher per capita land size and farther market distance. Level of market participation was found to be positively and significantly influenced by being married, income from NTFPs, membership of forest users’ association and forest conservation. It is negatively and significantly influenced by being a male, age, household size, education level, livelihood diversification, non-farm income, transportation cost, per capita land size and average market distance.
Kidney transplantation
(Nigerian Association of Nephrology, 2023) Bamgboye, E. L.; Umeizudike, T.; Okwuonu, C. G.; Olatise, O. O.; Ademola, A. D.; Oguntola, S. O.