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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Phytoremediation of Pb, Cd and As from Urban Solid Waste Compost Using Tithonia diversifolia (Hemnsl.) A. Gray and Ageratum conyzoides L.
(Annals of West University of Timişoara, ser. Biology (Romania), 2012) Dada, O. A.; Fayinminnu, O. O.; Taiwo, T. O.
Soil and water contaminated with heavy metals pose a major environmental and human health problem in Nigeria. This study was carried out to ascertain the presence of heavy metals in Urban Solid Waste Compost (USWC) and examined the potentials of Tithonia diversifolia and Ageratum conyzoides in remediating heavy metals constituents of USWC. The study was carried out in the crop garden of the Department of Crop Production, Olabisi Onabanjo University, College of Agricultural Sciences, Ayetoro. The trial was a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatment was made of two plant species belonging to Compositae family and USWC obtained from three different dump site locations in Ayetoro and a control.Two seeds of the two plant species were sown in pots containing 20kg of USWC and grown for 12 weeks. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and means separated by LSD at p≤ 0.05. At the commencement of the trial, the concentration of Pb, Cd and As in the USWC from the three dumpsites averaged 15mg/kg, 0.53mg/kg and 0.15mg/kg respectively. Post trial analysis showed that Pb, Cd and As contents of the USWC was reduced by 97.99%, 75.90% and 11.69% respectively. Uptake of Pb (t α =0.05 = 0.36), Cd (t α =0.05 = 0.64), and As (t α =0.05 = 0.91) by the two plant species were not significantly (p<0.05) different. Partitioning of the pollutants was more in roots (Pb = 15.15 mg/kg, Cd = 0.57mg/kg and As = 0.13mg/kg) than shoots (Pb = 14. 89mg/kg, Cd = 0.49mg/kg and As = 0.15mg/kg). The implication of the results for the quality of arables produced at urban and peri-urban roadside gardens as well as human health and environmental problems are discussed.
Extracts of Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) planch, a Nigerian medicinal plant have antibacterial and antifungal activity
(Sciencedomain International, 2024) Adeniyi, B. A.; Adagbasa, O. O.; Idowu, P. A.; Igbokwe, C. O.; Moody, J. O.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.
There is no overemphasizing the need for novel phytotherapeutic agents to combat the menace of drug resistance in microbial pathogens. Many plant species so far, have yielded some bioactive compounds with great promise for such drugs. Trichilia heudelotii (Meliaceae) is commonly used in traditional medicine in Nigeria for the treatment of many microbial infections ranging from gastrointestinal infections to gonorrhea. This study is thus designed to determine the phytochemicals present in T. heudeloti and evaluate the plant’s extracts' antimicrobial activity on some bacterial and fungal isolates.
The phytochemical screening was done using standard procedures. Soxhlet extracts using n-hexane and methanol were drying in vacuo. The methanol extract was partitioned into petroleum ether, chloroform, and aqueous fractions. The antibacterial and antifungal activity of the extracts determined using the agar-well diffusion method. The MICs were determined for the extracts using the agar dilution method.
The qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of tannins, saponins, alkaloids, cardenolides, and anthraquinones in the leaf, stem bark, and root bark of T. heudelotii. The extracts showed considerable activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative organisms, and fungi with dermatophytes including Klebsiella spp, Escherichia coli, Proteus spp, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stolonifer, Penicillium spp, Microsporium canis, and Trichophyton mentagrophytes. The mean diameter of zones of inhibition exhibited by the extracts ranged between 10mm+ 0.5 and 32+ 0.33mm. The methanol extracts compared favourably with the gentamycin (standard control). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranged between 0.157mg/mL and 20mg/mL. The crude methanol extracts and methanol residue showed the highest activity of all the extracts while the hexane extract showed the lowest activity and the Petroleum ether fraction was inactive.
These results showed the potential of T. heudelotii as a possible candidate for bioactive compounds for the discovery and development of new drugs for the treatment of diseases caused by test pathogens.
Period of Weed Control in Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench) as Influenced by Varying Rates of Cattle Dung and Weeding Regimes.
(Notulae Botanicae Horti AgrobotaniciCluj-Napoca, 2013) Dada, O. A.; Fayinminnu, O. O.
Field trials were conducted during 2005 and 2006 planting seasons to investigate the influence of cattle dung and the critical period of weed interference on growth and yield components of okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L). Moench]. The study was a factorial trial laid out in a split plot design and replicated three times. The main plot comprised of four levels of cattle dung and the sub plots were three regimes of weeding. The growth attributes viz; plant height, number of leaves, leaf area and dry matter production differed significantly due to different treatments. These attributes increased significantly owing to the application of cattle dung which leads to continuous availability of nutrients to the plants as well as appropriate timing of weeding which reduced the influence of weed interference on the okra. Yield and yield components were influenced significantly by the application of cattle dung and weeding regimes. The highest fresh fruit yield (102.93 t ha-1) was observed in plots that received 8 t ha-1cattle dung and weeded at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. Application of 8 t ha-1 of cattle dung as well as weeding at 3 and 6 weeks after sowing significantly enhanced okra growth and fruit yield. However, plots with sub-optimal cattle dung rate and infested with weeds until harvest produced the least dry matter and fresh fruit yield.
Review on the principles and current trends in management of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases
(International Organization of Scientific Research, 2022) Adejumobi, O. A.; Jeremiah, O. T.; Omobowale, T. O.
This review focuses on hypertension, other cardiovascular diseases and some new developments in their managements. Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease of increasing medical and public health importance. It is a risk factor for myocardial infarction, stroke and chronic renal failure. Cardiovascular diseases have been recognized as a major cause of death in man and animals across the globe and it has placed enormous economic burden on patients, families, pet owners and national economy. A great number of pets have hypertension and cardiovascular diseases that are unnoticed until the animals are presented with sudden blindness, kidney failure and other end-organ damages. Many have been lost to cardiovascular diseases because they are under diagnosed. There is therefore, the need for proper diagnosis and management. Current classes of drugs offered in the management of hypertension in dogs include angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blocker, calcium channel blockers, vasodilators and diuretics. Current trend in the management of hypertension is the use of natural plant products and phytocompounds to reduce end organ damage. Therefore, early diagnosis and good management with orthodox anti-hypertensives and novel natural products will save the lives of pets and other animals, with attendant improvements on wellbeing of men and animals.
Antimicrobial, phytochemical and antioxidant screening of acalypha fimbriata Leaf Extract for alternative antimicrobial therapy
(Faculty of Physical Sciences and Faculty of LifeSciences, Univ. of Ilorin, Nigeria, 2023) Okunye, O. L.; Idowu, P. A.; Okanlawon, B. M.; Adejumo, O. E.; Saka, A. S.; Oyinloye, O. E.; Ayedun, J. S.; Adeyemo, O. M.; Kaseem, L. S.; Idowu, A. O.
In folklore, Acalypha fimbriata have been associated with ‘cure all’ properties, but without sufficient empirical ethnopharmacological scientific backups. This research work is therefore necessitated to determine the antimicrobial, phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Acalypha fimbriata. The leaf of Acalypha fimbriata were Soxhlet extracted, reconstituted, and screened for phytochemical constituent of antimicrobial importance. Conventional biochemical characterization was carried out on the isolates of Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae obtained for the research work and the antimicrobial activity of the plant sample was determined using the agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of the extract were determined by broth dilution method on the isolates. The antioxidant activity of the extract was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1 picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method and Graphpad prism were used to interprets the data. Alkaloids, flavonoid, anthraquinones, tannins and saponins was found in the leaf extract. Staphylococcus aureus exhibited highest zone of growth inhibition (28mm) at 100mg/ml while Pseudomonas aeruginosa had the lowest (14mm) at 100mg/ml from the antimicrobial assay. In the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration, Staphylococcus aureus exhibited MIC and MBC at 0.625μg/ml and 12.5 μg/ml, while Pseudomonas aeruginosa elicited MIC and MBC at 10 μg/ml and >10 μg/ml of MIC and MBC respectively.Themethanol extract of the plant acted as hydrogen/electrons donor or scavenger of radicals with fifty percent inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 59.83 μg/ml while that of Ascorbic acid (standard) was found to be 92.70 μg/ml using.The varied MIC’s and MBC’s obtained coupled with the values recorded for the antioxidant radicals validate the antimicrobial and antioxidant potential of Acalypha fimbriata that can be explored for therapeutic option, if further purified and optimally processed.