UISpace
Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
Communities in DSpace
Select a community to browse its collections.
- Please Click to View Repository
- Centre for Educational Media Resources
- College of Medicine
Recent Submissions
Drug therapy-related problem management
(2022) Showande S.J.; Lawal S.D.
Background: Unresolved drug therapy-related problems (DTRPs) have economic and clinical consequences and are common causes of patients’ morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated the ability of community pharmacists to identify and resolve DTRPs and assessed the perceived barriers to DTRP identification and resolution. Methods: A cross-sectional study which employed the use of three simulated patients (SPs) visit to 36 selected community pharmacies in 11 local government areas in Ibadan, Nigeria. The SPs played the role of a patient with prescription for multiple ailments (23-year-old male), type 2 diabetes and hypertensive patient with medication packs (45-year-old male) and hypertensive patient with gastric ulcer with a prescription (37-year-old female). They reenacted three rehearsed vignettes when they spoke with the pharmacists. A five-member panel of experts predetermined the DTRPs present in the vignettes (n = 11), actions to take to investigate the DTRPs (n = 9) and recommendations to resolve the DTRPs (n = 9). Pharmacists’ perceived barriers to the identification and resolution of DTRPs were assessed with a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage ability to detect and resolve DTRPs was determined and classified as poor ability (≤30%), fair ability (> 30 - ≤50%), moderate ability (> 50 - ≤70%) and high ability (> 70%). Results: One hundred and eight visits were made by the three SPs to the pharmacies. In total, 4.42/11 (40.2%) DTRPs were identified, 3.50/9 (38.9%) actions were taken, and 3.94/9 (43.8%) recommendations were made to resolve the identified DTRPs. The percentage ability of the community pharmacists to detect and resolve DTRPs varied slightly from one vignette to another (vignette 1–49.3%, vignette 2–39.1%, vignette 3–38.8%). But overall, it was fair (40.9%). Pharmacists’ perceived barriers to DTRP detection and resolution included lack of access to patient’s/client’s medical history and lack of software for DTRP detection. Conclusions: The community pharmacists displayed fair ability in detecting and resolving DTRPs. Several barriers preventing the optimal performance of pharmacist in DTRP identification and resolution were identified including inaccessibility of patient’s/client’s medical history. The regulatory authority of pharmacy education and practice in Nigeria need to mount Continuing Education Program to address this deficit among community pharmacists.
Medications and the risk of falls among older people in a geriatric centre in nigeria: a cross‑sectional study.
(2020) Akande‑Sholabi W.; Ogundipe F.S; Adebusoye L.A.
Background Falls are a major cause of morbidity and hospitalization in older people. Many drugs have been shown to increase the risk of falls in this population. Few empirical data exist on the use of fall-risk-increasing drugs among older people of sub-Saharan Africa countries. Objective This study aimed to assess the prevalence and predictors of falls, and the association between FRIDs, drugs causing orthostatic hypotension and falls. Setting Geriatric center, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods A cross-sectional study of 400 older patients aged ≥ 60 years selected consecutively at the geriatric centre, between September and November 2019, were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Socio-demographic information, medication utilization, and history of falls were obtained. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were carried out using SPSS 23. Alpha was set at 0.05. Main outcome measure Prevalence and predictors of falls among ambulatory older patients.
Results The mean age of the older patients was 72.4 ± 7.3 years and 255 (63.7%) were females. The total number of FRIDs and ODs used by older patients was 578 (35.2%). The prevalence of fall was 181 (45.3%) which was significantly higher among the females compared with the males (51.8% vs 33.8%) p = 0.01. Classes of medications such as anti-Parkinson’s (p = 0.027), sedatives (p = 0.033), antipsychotics (p = 0.011) and anticholinergic (p = 0.027) were significantly associated with fall. Predictive factors for falls on logistic regression were female [OR = 2.375; 95% CI 0.274–3.704, p = 0.001] and use of antipsychotics [OR = 5.132; 95% CI 1.352–19.480, p = 0.016]. Conclusion The prevalence of falls was high and being a woman ≥ 60 years is a major risk factor for falling. Interventions to decrease falls in older patients by drug modification and deprescribing of FRIDs and ODs might reduce fall-related injuries. Thus, a multidisciplinary approach is essential for intervention to reduce the risk of falls and improve therapeutic outcomes among older patients.
Pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling on fall risk increasing drugs in a tertiary teaching hospital in Nigeria
(Springer Nature, 2020) Akande-Sholabi,W.; Ogundipe, F. S.; Adisa, R.
Background: Falls and fall-related injuries are a foremost health concern among older adults aged 60 years and above. Fall-risk-increasing drugs (FRIDs) use by older adults is one related cause of falling, and it is frequently used among older adults. Pharmacist-led counselling is an aspect of patient education that has been associated with improved therapeutic outcome and quality of life in high income countries with scarcity of information in lowmiddle income countries. This study therefore aims to assess hospital pharmacists’ knowledge and counselling on fall-related medications using the list compiled by the Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare on FRIDs and orthostatic drugs (ODs).
Methods: A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 56 pharmacists working in a teaching hospital in Nigeria, between July and August 2019, using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics while chi-square test was used for categorical variables at p < 0.05.
Results: Thirty-five (62.5%) were within 10 years of practice experience. Two-third (62.5%) of the pharmacists possessed an additional qualification to Bachelor of Pharmacy degree. Twenty-two (40.0%) were aware of the FRIDs and ODs list. In all, (89.3%) had “unsatisfactory” knowledge of classes of medications and specific medicines that could cause a fall. Most pharmacists 42 (80.8%) focused counsel on appropriate medication use, adverse effects of drugs and storage of medications. Knowledge score of both FRIDs and ODs were neither significantly associated with pharmacists’ years of qualification (χ 2 = 1.282; p = 0.733), (χ 2 = 2.311; p = 0.510) nor with possession of additional qualification (χ 2 = 0.854; p = 0.836), (χ 2 = 2.996; p = 0.392). Majority, 53 (98.1%) believed that patients will benefit from effective counselling on FRIDs and ODs. About half (25; 51.0%) suggested training through seminar presentation as a measure for FRIDs and ODs sensitization.
Conclusion: A substantial gap in knowledge and awareness of FRIDs and ODs was noted among the hospital pharmacists. However, engagement of pharmacists on counsel that focus on medication use, adverse effect and storage was relatively better. Thus, there is a general need to create awareness about fall-risk-increasing drugs among hospital pharmacists, so as to help improve the therapeutic outcome particularly in the older adults.
Attitude and opinion of nigerian community pharmacists to self medication practices
(2012) Fakeye T. O.; Adisa R.; Showande S. J. S.
This study evaluated the attitude and opinion of Nigerian community pharmacists on self medication practices with respect to the definition, advantages and disadvantages of self medication, ailments for which self medication should be allowed, as well as measures that may be instituted to ensure appropriate self medication practices. Pretested structured questionnaires were administered to licensed community pharmacists practicing in Southwestern Nigeria between December, 2009 and July, 2010. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data. Mann Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used to evaluate the respondents’ opinions in ordinal variables with p < 0.05 considered statistically significant. Respondents with postgraduate qualification (p < 0.05) believed that self medication solely done by patients without guidance of a health care professional may lead to mismanagement or subtherapeutic management of diseases (66; 91.66%), medication errors and likelihood of disease complications (68; 93.15%). Years of practice had a significant effect on community pharmacists’ perception of advantages of self medication (p < 0.05). Rigorous monitoring of drug advertisement in the media might help in controlling the practice of self medication (63, 86.30%). Respondents believed that keeping the identity of the medications (29; 39.73%) and diagnosis details (19; 27.14%) unknown to patients is unethical. Self medication may be acceptable for fever (53; 74.65%), diarrhea (46; 67.65%) and cough (39; 53.62%), but with specific time limits, for patients on chronic medication who have stable clinical conditions, including asthma (46; 66.67%), hypertension (36; 51.43%) and diabetes (37; 52.86%). Community pharmacists in Southwestern Nigeria possess a good understanding of the concept of self medication, believed the practice should not be discouraged in totality, but should be practiced under controlled conditions, and that public enlightenment may help to ensure safe self medication practices.
Perception and Use of Herbal Medicines Among Clients Visiting Selected Community Pharmacies in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2020) Akande-Sholabi W.; Iluyomade A.; Ilesanmi O.S.; Adisa R.
Globally, there is an increasing trend in the use of herbal medicines. Despite, the benefit of its use, herbal medicines are not completely harmless. This study aims to evaluate the perception and use of herbal medicines among clients who visited selected community pharmacies in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among clients who patronized the selected community pharmacies, using a self-administered questionnaire. Demographic information, as well as perception and use of herbal medicines were evaluated. Data were summarized with descriptive statistics while K-W test was used for ranked variables at P< 0.05. The response rate was 90.7 %. Malaria 113 (58.9 %) was cited as the most common illness treated with herbal medicines. A total of 232 (76.8 %) had score 50.0 % indicating “good” perception on the use of herbal medicine. The level of education of the clients significantly influenced some of their perception towards herbal medicine. This include statement such as herbs can cure all diseases (K-W p=0.011), combination of the conventional drugs and herbs have no side effects (K-W p=0.002), and that side effect of synthetic drugs can be minimized with combination with herbs (K-W p=0.044). Most of the respondents had good perception about herbal medicine use. However, it was notable that the level of education significantly influenced the perception about the use of herbal medicines of some respondents. Public sensitization programme, and health education about the safety of herbal medicines, may be a useful means of improving the use of herbal medicine and reduce potential health risk.