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A preliminary investigation of prevalence of extended spectrum beta lactamases among enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry farms in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Nigeria Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2015) Ayeni, F. A.; Olujobi, O. F.; Alabi, O. S.
Background: -Antibiotic resistance and extended spectrum beta–lactamase (ESBL) producing enterobacteriaceae are global health concerns and major problems for the treatment of different infections caused by enterobacteriaceae. Objective: -This study was carried out to determine the prevalence of phenotypically identified ESBL producers in enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from poultry farms in Ibadan. Material and Methods: Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from faecal samples of 45 chickens from 3 farms in Ibadan, Nigeria. The E. coli strains in the isolates were identified by biochemical methods. The susceptibility of all enterobacteriaceae strains to selected β lactam antibiotics were tested by disc diffusion method. ESBL production was tested by double disk synergy test and MIC determination (8–512 μg/ml) Results: - A total of 40 Enterobacteriaceae strains were isolated and 20 of the strains were identified as E. coli while 20 were tagged other Enterobacteriaceae strains. The E. coli strains were generally susceptible to tested antibiotics while other Enterobacteriaceae were relatively resistant. All the tested Enterobacteriacea were susceptible to cefepine. 15% of E.coli isolates were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulaniz and 38.9% of other Enterobacteriaceace isolates were resistant to cefoxitin. 5% of E. coli strains and 25% of other Enterobacteriaceae produced ESBL with concentration range of ˂8 μg/ml and >512μg/ml for antibiotics used singly and in combination with clavulanic acid respectively. Conclusions: - This study showed low occurrence of ESBL in E. coli strains but relatively high occurrence in other Enterobacteriaceae in poultries in Ibadan, Nigeria.. Therefore, there is need to control the use of antibiotics in poultry feeds and livestock production.
Suboptimal bacteriological quality of household water in municipal Ibadan, Nigeria
(2024) Alabi, O. S.; Akintayo, I.; Odeyemi, J. S.; Oloche, J. J.; Babalola, C. M.; Nwimo, C.; Popoola, O.; Mogeni, O. D.; Marks, F.; Okeke, I. N.
Access to potable water is difficult for many African residents. This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of household water collected in the dry and wet seasons across five municipal local government areas (LGAs) in Ibadan, a large city in southwest Nigeria. A total of 447 water samples (dry season, n 5 250; wet season, n 5 197) were aseptically collected from a random sample of mapped households within Ibadan’s five municipal LGAs. The pH values and total aerobic and coliform bacterial counts were measured, and samples were screened for Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella, and Yersinia by standard phenotypic techniques and multiplex polymerase chain reaction. The most common source of water was well (53.2%), followed by borehole (34%). None of the households used municipal tap water. Cumulatively, aerobic (P 5 0.0002) and coliform (P 5 0.0001) counts as well as pH values (P 5 0.0002) changed significantly between seasons, with increasing and decreasing counts depending on the LGA. Nonpotable water samples were found to be very common during the dry (86.8%) and wet (74.1%) seasons. Escherichia coli spp., as indicators of recent fecal contamination, were isolated from 115 (25.7%) of the household water sources. Thirty three Salmonella, four enteroaggregative E. coli, and four enterotoxigenic E. coli isolates but no Shigella or Yersinia isolates were identified. This study revealed the absence of treated tap water and the poor quality of alternative sources with detectable pathogens in municipal Ibadan. Addressing the city-wide lack of access to potable water is an essential priority for preventing a high prevalence of feco-orally transmitted infections.
Prevalence of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and extended spectrum β–lactamase producers among bacteria isolated from infected wounds in a tertiary hospital in Ibadan city
(AJCEM Life Line Publishers, 2016) Alabi, O. S.; Obisesan, A. O.; Ola, A. A.
Wound colonization by microorganisms is most frequently polymicrobial and incidences of high level resistance among bacterial isolates from wounds have been reported. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and extendedspectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria both constitute serious challenge to physician in their choice of antibiotic treatment of infections caused by these bacteria. This study determined the antibiotic susceptibility profiles and prevalence of MRSA and ESBL producers among wound bacterial isolates from a tertiary hospital in Ibadan City. Forty (40) clinical bacterial isolates from five wound sources were collected from the Microbiology unit of the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan and were authenticated with standard bacteriological techniques. Antibiotic susceptibility test was done by disc-diffusion method using 19 antibiotics belonging to 12 classes. MRSA strains were detected by their resistance to cefoxitin and/or oxacillin antibiotics. Presumptive ESBL production was by double-disc synergy test using 30 μg cefotaxime and ceftazidime around 20/10 μg amoxicillin-clavulanic acid discs. ESBL confirmation was by minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using agar-dilution method. The authenticated isolates include Proteus spp (47.5%), Staphylococcus aureus (27.5%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (12.5%), Klebsiella spp (7.5%), Acinetobacter baumanii (2.5%) and E. coli (2.5%). Distribution of the isolates collected according to wound sources includes: acute soft tissue wounds (35%), leg ulcer (32.5%), surgical wounds (17.5%), burn wounds (12.5%) and diabetic foot ulcer (2.5%). Distributions according to patients’ gender are: male (65%), female (35%), and according to age-groups are: 0 – 19 years (22.5%), 20 – 39 years (35%), 40 – 59 years (32.5%) and ≥ 60 years (10%). All (100%) the isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR) being resistant to ≥ 3 classes of antibiotics. Percentages of isolates resistance to each of the antibiotic include: piperacillin, piperacillin-tozobactam and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid were 100%, ceftazidime, cefuroxime, cefixime, aztreonam, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim, erythromycin, chloramphenicol and doxycyclin were > 70%, cefoxitin (62.5%), Nitrofurantion (52.5%), ciprofloxacin (45%), ofloxacin (35%), perfloxacin (37.5%), gentamicin (32.5%) and imipenem (2.5%). Of the 11 Staphylococcus aureus collected, 54.5% were detected to be MRSA strains while ESBL production was detected in 55.2% of the Gram negative isolates. This study revealed 100% MDR phenotype constituting high level of MRSA strains (54.5%) and ESBL producers (55.2%) among Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial wound isolates respectively. Hence, this calls for caution in the use of extended spectrum antibiotics in treating patients with infected wounds.
Multidrug resistant and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing proteus mirabilis from tertiary hospitals in four states in Southwest Nigeria
(Nigeria Association of Pharmacists in Academia (NAPA), 2015) Alabi, O. S.; Adeleke, O. E.; Adegoke, O. A.; Gbadeyan, O. F.; Ejilude, O.
Background: Multidrug resistant (MDR) and extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing Gram-negative bacteria pose great threat to antibiotic treatment of life threatening infections worldwide. Objectives: This study investigated the occurrence and distribution of MDR and ESBL producing Proteus mirabilis among clinical isolates collected from tertiary hospitals in four states in Southwest Nigeria. Materials and Methods: One hundred and eight (108) none-duplicated P. mirabilis collected from microbiology units of tertiary hospitals in four states in Southwest Nigeria namely; Oyo, Osun, Ogun and Lagos state, after authentication with standard bacteriological method, were subjected to antibiotic susceptibility test against ten selected antibiotics using disc-diffusion method. Presumptive production of ESBL was determined by double disc synergy test among isolates with MDR phenotype that showed resistance to any of the third generation cephalosporin antibiotics. Results: Of the 108 clinical isolates of P. mirabilis collected from Oyo (39.8%), Osun (25.9%), Ogun (21.3%) and Lagos (13%) states, 60 (55.6%) showed MDR phenotype. Among the 60 MDR isolates collected in Oyo (50%), Lagos (10%), Ogun (21.7%) and Osun (18.3%), 66.7%, 66.7%, 30.8% and 9.1% of the isolates produced ESBL, respectively. Conclusion: This study recorded the occurrence of ESBL and MDR P. mirabilis in all the four states but higher percentage of ESBL-production among MDR P. mirabilis in two of the states, Oyo and Lagos. Hence, there is need for adequate monitoring of antibiotic use to prevent increased rate of ESBL-positive MDR P. mirabilis in these states and others in the nearest future.
Microbiological evaluation of the potencies of brands of four parenteral antibiotic preparations used in the treatment of urinary tract infections
(AJCEM Life Line Publishers, 2015) Alabi, O. S.; Ijose, A. O.
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease and sometimes life threatening if not properly treated. In Nigeria, aside adulteration and counterfeiting of antibiotics, potency of antibiotics can also be altered by factors like production errors and storage condition at the Pharmacy stores. This study investigated the potencies of selected brands of four common parenteral antibiotic preparations, in Nigerian drug markets against uropathogens isolated from patients with recurrent UTI. Ten selected clinical bacterial isolates from patients with recurrent UTI were collected from the Microbiology unit of the University College Hospital, Ibadan and authenticated by standard bacteriological methods. The isolates were subjected to susceptibility test against eight standard antibiotics by disc diffusion method. The selected brands of the four parenteral antibiotic preparations used in this study includes: Ciprofloxacin (Emason® and Uniflox®); Ceftriaxone (Rocephin® and Cefin®); Aminoglycoside (Pe-genta® and Philo-genta®) and Aminopenicillin/inhibitor (Augmentin® and Amoxiclav®). Efficacies of the parenteral antibiotic preparations against the isolates were determined by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) using broth-dilution method. L'EVALUATION MICROBIOLOGIQUE DES PUISSANCES DES MARQUES DE QUATRES PREPARATIONS ANTIBIOTIQUES PARENTERALES UTILISEES DANS LE TRAITEMENT DE L'INFECTION DES VOIES URINAIRES. *ALABI O.S et AJOSE A. O