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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Forest liquidation, rural agrarian poverty and growth in Nigeria
(Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), Nigeria, 2021-12) Oyeranti, O. A.; Ishola, O. A.
This paper assesses forest resource liquidation within the context of rural agrarian poverty and growth in Nigeria, using annual and quarterly data from 1990 to 2016, and 2001 to 2019. Descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were employed to examine how forest resource utilisation is associated with rural agrarian poverty and economic growth. Findings revealed that forest resources have consistently been exploited in an unrestrained manner in the last 26 years, with shifting agriculture and urbanisation as major drivers. In addition, efforts to replenish these resources have not been sufficient enough to ensure their sustainability; thus the share of the forestry subsector has been extremely low. However, as forest depletion took place over time, rural agrarian poverty in Nigeria declined, due to the release of additional land that became available for crop and livestock production, thereby signifying the prevalence of a deep-rooted dichotomy between forest and agriculture in the country. The study recommends the replenishment of lost forest cover across the country, discouraging the primitive practice of shifting agriculture, ensuring balanced development to check rural urban drift, and the development of a national accounting system for the efficient management of forest resources.
Economic growth and carbon dioxide emission in Nigeria
(Academic Staff Union of Universities (ASUU), Nigeria, 2021-12) Oyeranti, O. A.
Environmental degradation measured by CO2 emissions is a significant challenge to sustainable economic development. Owing to the significant impact of the empirical relationship between economic growth and CO2 emissions, this study examined the relationship between economic growth and carbon dioxide emission with a view to testing the validity or otherwise of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) in Nigeria. Using Autoregressive Distributed Lags (ARDL) approach, the study employed data on trade openness, electricity consumption, population and the square of GDP as control variables in the analysis for the period 1970 to 2018. The result showed that electricity consumption and trade openness have a negative and significant relationship with CO2 emission, while population growth has a positive but insignificant impact on CO2 emission. This insignificant impact of population growth can be linked to the lower income of the populace. However, the estimated coefficient of the square of income is negative, while that of its level is positive and thus supports the existence of EKC in Nigeria. Increasing the degree of openness to international trade along with appropriate trade policies will contribute to the Nigerian economy as openness leads to the reduction of pollutants in the environment. Adoption of mixed energy consumption, especially through hydroelectricity and solar system, will drastically reduce the rate of carbon emission in Nigeria regarding the fact that Nigeria is well endowed with these resources.
Sublingual misoprostol versus standard surgical care for treatment of incomplete abortion in five sub-Saharan African countries
(BioMed Central (BMC), 2012) Shochet, T.; Diop, A.; Gaye, A.; Nayama, M.; Sall, A. B.; Fawole, B.; Blandie, T.; Okunlola, M. A; Dao, B.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Winkoff, B.
Background: In low-resource settings, where abortion is highly restricted and self-induced abortions are common, access to post-abortion care (PAC) services, especially treatment of incomplete terminations, is a priority. Standard post-abortion care has involved surgical intervention but can be hard to access in these areas. Misoprostol provides an alternative to surgical intervention that could increase access to abortion care. We sought to gather additional evidence regarding the efficacy of 400 mcg of sublingual misoprostol vs. standard surgical care for treatment of incomplete abortion in the environments where need for economical non-surgical treatments may be most useful.
Methods: A total of 860 women received either sublingual misoprostol or standard surgical care for treatment of incomplete abortion in a multi-site randomized trial. Women with confirmed incomplete abortion, defined as past or present history of vaginal bleeding during pregnancy and an open cervical os. were eligible to participate.
Participants returned for follow-up one week later to confirm clinical status. If abortion was incomplete at that time, women were offered an additional follow-up visit or immediate surgical evacuation.
Results: Both misoprostol and surgical evacuation are highly effective treatments for incomplete abortion (misoprostol: 94.4%, surgical: 100.0%). Misoprostol treatment resulted in a somewhat lower chance of success than standard surgical practice (RR = 0.90; 95% Cl: 0.89-0.92). Both tolerability of side effects and women's satisfaction were similar in the two study arms.
Conclusion: Misoprostol, much easier to provide than surgery in low-resource environments, can be used safely, successfully, and satisfactorily for treatment of incomplete abortion. Focus should shift to program implementation, including task-shifting the provision of post-abortion care to mid- and low- level providers, training and assurance of drug availability.
Acceptability of counselling and testing for HIV infection in women in labour at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, 2011-03) Bello, F. A.; Ogunbode. O. O.; Adesinsa, O. A.; Olayemi, O.; Awonuga, O. M.; Adewole, I. F.
Background: Many patients are referred to labour ward as emergencies, and therefore do not benefit from the antenatal
HIV counselling and testing and treatment offered to registered patients.
Objective: To assess the acceptability and suitability of offering HIV counselling and testing to women of unknown HIV status presenting in labour.
Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising counselling and obtaining consent for HIV testing among 104 unregistered patients who presented in labour over a 3-month period. Rapid and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening was performed for 90 consenting respondents. Reactive results were confirmed by Western blot. Appropriate therapy was instituted.
Results: Acceptance rate for HIV testing was 86.5%, prevalence of HIV was 6.7%. Women of lower educational status were more likely to accept testing in labour (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7; p=0.01); age, parity, occupation and knowledge of HIV had no influence. Most women (66.3%) had satisfactory knowledge of HIV. No one admitted to feeling coerced to test in fear of being denied care. Most refusals for screening were to avoid needle pricks (28.6%).
Compared to ELISA screening test, specificity of the rapid test was 100%, sensitivity 85.7%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 98.8%. Attitude to testing was maintained on post-partum re-evaluation.
Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV amongst unregistered parturients showed the importance of offering point-of-care HIV testing and intervention, especially in an environment where antenatal clinic attendance is poor. Rapid testing appeared to be acceptable and feasible in labour to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Liberalization of trade in health services and the implication for Africa’s health system
(Centre for Sustainable Development, University of Ibadan, 2014) Olaniyan, O.; Bankole, A. S.; Oyeranti, O. A.; Afaha, J. S.
This paper explores the relationship between trade in health services, its liberalization, and Africa's health system with particular focus on Africa. Using a sample of African countries, a regression model link, health outcomes to health inputs and health policy variables were estimated to cover two separate periods- the pre- General Agreement in Trade in Services (GATS) (1990-1994) period and GATS period (1995-2006). The coefficients of the regression are then compared to determine the impact of GATS. Increasing the public health expenditure through additional budgetary provisions in African countries improves health only at the margin. The lack of agreement in the form of GATS limited the intensity of trade in health services. The non-significance of the trade in health services proxy variables during GATS period shows that health trade services impacts on Africa's health sector should be limited to commercial presence (Mode 3) and movement of health professionals (Mode 4) which are the channels through which health services trade is conducted in many African countries. Health services trade data are limited, hence proxy measure of health services were utilised in the paper and this might blur the expected impacts. The implication of the paper is for African countries to adequately participate in GATS as it involves trade in health services.