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Welcome to UISpace, The University of Ibadan Institutional Repository. A collection of theses, articles, books, videos, images, lectures, papers, data sets and all types of digital content originating from the University of Ibadan Nigeria. This repository is managed by the Kenneth Dike Library University of Ibadan, Nigeria.
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Food sources of key nutrients, meal and dietary patterns among children aged 4–13 years in Ibadan, Nigeria: findings from the 2019 Kids nutrition and health study
(MDPI AG (Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute), 2022) Sanusi, R. A.; Wang, D.; Ariyo, O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Tassy, M.; Eldridge, A. L.; Ogundero, A.; Leshi, O.; Lenighan, Y. M.; Ejoh, S. I.; Aleru, E.
This study examined the contribution of food to nutrient intake, meal and dietary patterns
among children aged 4–8 and 9–13 years in the city of Ibadan, Nigeria. Multi-pass 24-hour dietary
recalls were used to assess intakes. Prudent and traditional Southwestern Nigerian dietary patterns
were identified among children. The top foods and beverages were defined by frequency and
amount consumed. Meal patterns were described by the eating occasions, while cluster analysis
probed dietary patterns. About 88% of children had at least three meals including breakfast (95%),
lunch (85%), dinner (92%) and midmorning meals (48%), while about 60% ate snacks at least once
daily. Sources of energy and key nutrients were limited (yam, cassava, rice, maize, bread and
beans/peas/legumes). The amount consumed per consumer of cassava products (192.2, 256.0 g),
yam (169.7, 256.0 g), legumes (115.3, 150.7 g), corn/maize (160.4, 195.2), and rice (138.4, 182.3 g) were
high, while beef (15.2, 17.9 g), eggs (50.6, 49.2 g), fish (27.5, 30.6 g), milk (24.2, 27.0 g) and nuts and
seeds (18.2, 19.7 g) were low for children ages 4–8 and 9–13 years, respectively. In conclusion, while
the frequency of meals suggests a healthy pattern, the top foods could not provide adequate nutrient
(especially micronutrient) intake, which is key to the development of the target population.
Investigation of the effect of some salts on the rheological properties of Xanthan Gum and Gum Arabic present in a drilling fluid
(National Institute of Professional Engineers and Scientists, 2022) Okaome, P.; Akintola, S.
The rheological properties of a drilling fluid are important because they allow for extensive examination of the viscosity, fluid flow profile, pressure loss, equivalent circulation density, and hole cleaning capability making it the foundation for all wellbore hydraulics. The viscosity, gel strength, and yield point of Gum Arabic and Xanthan Gum contained in a fresh water-based drilling fluid were investigated in the presence of three distinct salts: calcium chloride (CaCl2), potassium chloride (KCl), and sodium chloride (NaCl). The salts were introduced separately to three distinct fresh water-based drilling fluid samples in increasing weights. The Fann V-G viscometer was used for the required rheology properties measuring the RPM and gel strength. The plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, and yield point were calculated from the experimental data. With increasing the salt concentration, the plastic viscosity, apparent viscosity, yield point, and gel strength all decreased, which was observed for all three salts used. This research aimed to investigate the effect of three different salts; Calcium chloride (CaCl2), Potassium Chloride (KCl), and Sodium Chloride (NaCl) on the rheological properties of Gum Arabic and Xanthan Gum viscosified water-based drilling fluid.
Modeling the effect of modified local polymer on the rheological and filtration properties of water-based drilling fluid
(New enigineering journal, 2021) Akintola, A.S.; Adeniji, A.A.; Mogbolu, U.J.
In order to achieve a successful drilling operation, the drilling fluid used must be properly designed. Water based drilling muds that are formulated to suit drilling requirements include additives like clays for higher viscosity and starch for better filtration control properties. Locally available yams (Dioscorea) are a good source of starch, with good absorbent properties that give its good filtration control properties but poor gelling properties due to the easily soluble branched chained Amylopectin molecules which causes it to easily degrade. While mud samples treated with Carboxylmethyl cellulose (CMC) was used as control. Chemical modification of starch has been researched to be a good method of improving its gelling properties in water based mud which in turn improves the rheological properties of the mud. Cross linking agents like sodium acetate and ammonium phosphate are used to cross-link the Amylopectin and Amylose molecules in the starch thus making them less degradable. An experimental study was carried out to reduce the yams starch bio-degradable nature via chemical modification with some cross-linking agents (sodium acetate and ammonium phosphate). The results from the rheological and filtration control test carried out on the formulated mud samples treated with modified yams starch additive gave higher gel strength and yield point, exceptional shear thinning ability, lower plastic viscosity and a good but lower fluid loss control when compared to with the control samples. A Factorial design was developed to predict the rheological properties of the mud system at different temperatures and varying starch quantities. The results of the mud samples treated with the non-modified starches, modified yam starches and imported viscosifier (CMC) are indicators that the modified starches improved its gelling nature thereby giving the drilling mud a better rheological properties.
Food-related coping strategies adopted by some households during covid-19 lockdown in Nigeria
(Open Journals Nigeria, 2021) Ariyo, O.; Samuel, F. O.; Eyinla, T. E.; Leshi, O. O.; Brai, B. I. C.; Afolabi, W. O.
As part of the measures to contain the spread of the COVID-19 virus in Nigeria during the early stages of the pandemic, a lockdown of movements within and from outside the country was declared by the federal government. This article presents findings on food-related coping strategies adopted during the COVID-19 lockdown in Nigeria. A cross sectional survey using an online based questionnaire received responses from 883 households regarding information on food consumption, health seeking behaviour and food coping strategies during the COVID-19 lockdown. Food Coping Strategy Index (FCSI) was computed from the data received based on standard methods. Analysis and presentation of data was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The key findings show that daily mealtimes generally reduced from an average of 3 to 2 times. The storage capacity of households showed an average of 2-week food stock of staples, and most of the respondents had started reducing either their usual portion sizes or frequency of meals in order to cope with food shortages. As regards health seeking behavior, older respondents were more likely to take prophylactic medication (p<0.004) and there was a higher preference for fruits and Vitamin C as prophylactic items. A negative correlation between FCSI with mealtime during COVID-19 lockdown (p<0.000) and monthly income (p<0.000) was observed. The findings presented provide information for policy intervention in the areas of social safety nets and palliatives disbursement in the event of similar lockdown restrictions in the future.
Fuel energy potential of pyrolyzed municipal solid wastes
(Slovnaft VURUP, 2021) Okareh, O. T.; Adegoke, S. O.; Richard, R.; Akintola, S. A.; Adeleke, A. A.; Ikubanni, P. P.
Municipal wastes have become a menace and the recycling of these wastes has been the focus of many researches. In this study, municipal plastic wastes were converted to energy fuel using pyrolysis using a locally fabricated vacuum pyrolyzer. 6 kg of municipal plastic wastes (PP, PET and PS) were collected, grounded into chips using a knife milling machine and were fed into the pyrolyzer to undergo thermal degradation at a temperature of 500oC with holding time of 4-5 hours. The pyrolyzed oil was collected into a Pyrex condenser unit and subjected to pseudo-distillation at 100oC to obtain the volatile components. The percentage pyrolyzed oil mass yield was calculated using mass balance equation. The liquid fuel was analyzed for its physical properties using ASTM methods, while the chemical properties were characterized using FTIR and GC-MS. The pyrolytic process showed the percentage mass yield of the pyrolyzed oil for the municipal plastic wastes oil, char, and non-condensable gas as 82.0, 16.0 and 2.0%, respectively. The derived energy fuel indicated a cloud point, pour point, density and flash point of -26.0oC, -28.0oC, 0.839 g/cc, and 50.0oC and -28.0oC, -35.0oC, 0.744 g/cc, and 30.0C for pyrolyzed oil and distillates oil, respectively. The FTIR and GC-MS results of the liquid pyrolyzed oil indicate the presence of aliphatic, alkane, alkene, and aromatic hydrocarbons of carbon number C9-C44 in the energy fuel. Physicochemical characterization of the recovered oil indicated similarities with the conventional fossil fuels. The technology has proven to be effective in solving the environmental problems.