INSTITUTE OF AFRICAN STUDIES
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Item Photography: a tool for historical records in Nigeria(University of Cape Coast Press, Cape Coast, Ghana, 2012) Pogoson, O. I.; Akande, A. O.History is either oral or written. Whichever of these forms it assumes, one thing is clear; it brings to memory records of past or present events, places or situations. The question of two or more people experiencing the same or somewhat similar graphic imagery of oral or written history becomes pertinent. This situation is improbable. However, with the aid of photographs, the graphic representation of an event is frozen in time and space, thereby making it possible for a number of people to view the record of a past event that they may not have witnessed. With video, we can even hear voices and experience life in such events. Using pictures from old newspapers, published books and from private collections, this essay attempts a pictorial social, cultural and political history of the country. It also appraised the development of photography in Nigeria. This essay avers that photography is a veritable tool for documenting historical records for posterity and an endeavour that should be encouraged and communalised.Item Diaspora grand-mothering in Nigeria(Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis, 2022-02) Busari, D. A.; Adebayo, K. O.Leaving children in the care of grandparents is a fairly common practice in close knit societies such as Nigeria. This service of providing childcare by grandmothers is however taking a transnational form with the exportation of grandmothers from Nigeria to care for grandchildren whose parents, out of economic necessity, must work fulltime. This article explores the dynamics of Nigerian grandmothers providing childcare to grandchildren in the diaspora, using twenty-five grandmothers selected in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria based on their experience of this phenomena. Study found that participants were motivated to undertake diaspora childcare out of empathy for the younger couples, the feeling of a sense of duty, perceived knowledge of childcare, self-fulfilment, cultural norms, and the need to minimize the cost of childcare for couples in the diaspora. The sense of being ‘available’ played a significant role in participants’ decision to provide childcare abroad. The study equally showed that the practice had both emotional and social impact on the grandmothers involved. The research advances the significance of diaspora grandmother child care services as a critical part of the broader debate on companionship and gender roles in old age, especially in Africa, where elders remain key transmitters of societal norms and values.Item Socio-economic context of begging among elderly in Nigeria(2014) Adebayo, K.; Fayehun, O.; Falase, O. S.; Adedeji, I. A.This study utilised a context-based analysis of field observations and fifteen in-depth interviews to examine how begging is practiced by the elderly in a city in Southwestern Nigeria. As both sub-categories of beggars in the population and the larger elderly persons in the society, elderly beggars are a distinct demographic group whose needs differ from the rest of the population. Adopting a livelihood perspective as the exploratory frame, the study explains how beggary constitutes a rational response to economic, social, physiological, institutional and structural imperatives, adopted b) old people as a strategy for improving their wellbeing. The study concluded that in trying to eradicate begging among elderly, the context of their emergence must be duly examined and given considerable attention in the policy process. Efforts should also be directed at supporting households headed by the elderly as means of removing the most fundamental social and economic situations that promote begging among oh people.Item Fuel subsidy in Nigeria: contexts of governance and social protest(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Akanle, O.; Adebayo, K.; Adetayo, O.Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and current perspectives into the issue and trajectories of fuel subsidy, which has become a major problem in Nigeria’s development struggles. Previous works were dated and did not capture most recent popular uprising. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Purely primary, empirica and normative with primary insight. Findings – A major mechanism that must be put in place is popular and unpoliticized anti-corruption mechanisms and networks especially to sanitize the oil sector in the minimum. Also, government must demonstrate transparency and accountability across sectors and spending including at the government house. Sufficient palliatives like public transport and dedicated social services for the really poor is important before subsidy is implemented. Until these are done, government’s intention to successfully Remove Subsidy For Development (RS4D) may be a mirage! Research limitations/implications – This paper presents details of an international work with evolving issues. Originality/value – The paper argues that subsidy removal that will lead to high fuel prices appears unjustified given the wide income gap between workers in Nigeria and those in other oil-producing nations.Item Fuel subsidy in Nigeria: contexts of governance and social protest(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2014) Akanle, O.; Adebayo, K.; Adetayo, O.Purpose – Fuel subsidy removal has become a recurring issue in Nigeria. Successive governments in the country have interfaced with this issue as they attempted to reform the economy and the petroleum downstream to reduce corruption and waste and make the sector more effective. Importantly however, fuel subsidy removals have always met opposition from the citizens and civil society organisations. The remit of this article is to bring original and current perspectives into the issue and trajectories of fuel subsidy, which has become a major problem in Nigeria’s development struggles. Previous works were dated and did not capture most recent popular uprising. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Purely primary, empirica and normative with primary insight. Findings – A major mechanism that must be put in place is popular and unpoliticized anti-corruption mechanisms and networks especially to sanitize the oil sector in the minimum. Also, government must demonstrate transparency and accountability across sectors and spending including at the government house. Sufficient palliatives like public transport and dedicated social services for the really poor is important before subsidy is implemented. Until these are done, government’s intention to successfully Remove Subsidy For Development (RS4D) may be a mirage! Research limitations/implications – This paper presents details of an international work with evolving issues. Originality/value – The paper argues that subsidy removal that will lead to high fuel prices appears unjustified given the wide income gap between workers in Nigeria and those in other oil-producing nations.Item Photography: a tool for historical records in Nigeria(University of Cape Coast Press, Cape Coast, Ghana, 2012) Pogoson, O.I.; Akande, A.O.History is either oral or written. Whichever of these forms it assumes, one thing is clear; it brings to memory records of past or present events, places or situations. The question of two or more people experiencing the same or somewhat similar graphic imagery of oral or written history becomes pertinent. This situation is improbable. However, with the aid of photographs, the graphic representation of an event is frozen in time and space, thereby making it possible for a number of people to view the record of a past event that they may not have witnessed. With video, we can even hear voices and experience life in such events. Using pictures from old newspapers, published books and from private collections, this essay attempts a pictorial social, cultural and political history of the country. It also appraised the development of photography in Nigeria. This essay avers that photography is a veritable tool for documenting historical records for posterity and an endeavour that should be encouraged and communalisedItem Factors associated with academic performance of students in music at NCE level: a case study of Oyo state college of education, Oyo, Nigeria(African Minds, Pretoria, 2006) Samuel, K.The study investigates factors associated with music students' academic performance at NCE level using Oyo State College of Education, Oyo, as case study. Purposive sampling procedure was used to administer a questionnaire to all final-year music students. Interview sessions were also held with the educators in the department. The questionnaires were analysed using simple percentage and Spearman's rank correlation method. The result of the statistical analyses showed that students' interest in music, followed by parental influence, correlated with students' performance in music. The outcome of the teachers' interviews revealed the problems of inadequate staffing, poor infrastructure as well as the problem of lack of interest as factors associated with poor academic performance of students. Review of entry requirements as a means of selecting students based on their interest in music, adequate funding, staffing and personnel capacity-building were some of the suggestions made to provide the much-desired enabling environment for learning.