Browsing by Author "Abiola, J. O."

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Acute and Sub-chronic Toxicity Assessment of Methanol Leaf Extract of Persea americana (avocado) in Wistar Rats
(Science Publishing Group, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Gbadegoye, J.; Omotosho, O. O.; Akinniyi, O. O.; Banwo, O. G.; Olawuwo, O. S.; Ajani, T. F.; Abiola, J. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omóbòwálé
Persea americana (Avocado) leaves are widely used in traditional medicine, yet scientific data on their toxicological safety remains limited. This study evaluated the acute and sub-chronic toxicity profiles of the methanolic leaf extract of P. americana in Wistar rats. Acute toxicity was assessed using 28 rats (7 groups; n = 4 per group) administered single oral doses ranging from 500–5000 mg/kg. Sub-chronic toxicity involved 24 rats (4 groups; n = 6 per group) treated daily with doses of 400–1600 mg/kg for 28 days. Cardiovascular, haematological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters were measured. Data was statistically analysed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) for post hoc comparisons, with significance set at p<0.05. The estimated median lethal dose (LD₅₀) was 3162.27 mg/kg, with signs of toxicity observed at 4000 mg/kg and 50% mortality at 5000 mg/kg. No significant changes in blood pressure were detected across dose groups. Sub-chronic administration resulted in dose-dependent alterations in weight gain and mild reductions in PCV, Hb, and RBC counts at the highest dose. Histopathological analysis revealed progressive cardiac, hepatic, and renal damage with increasing dosage, despite largely unaltered serum biochemical markers. These findings suggest that P. americana methanol leaf extract is relatively safe at lower doses but may pose organ-specific risks at higher concentrations and prolonged exposure. Further research is warranted to elucidate underlying mechanisms, particularly oxidative stress, and to guide the development of safe and standardized therapeutic applications.
Ano-rectal malformations in pigs: a report of a striking case in an eight-week-old piglet (a case report)
(2011) Eyarefe, O. D.; Abiola, J. O.; Oguntoye, C. O.; Ayoade, G. O.
Anorectal malformations are rare congenital disorders in animals. In swine, atresia ani occurs with an incidence of 0.1—1.0 % and it is the most important cause of intestinal obstruction in that species. This paper reports a striking case of atresia ani et recti in an eightweek- old piglet. The surgical management and preventive measures are discussed
Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Measurement in Captive African Lion (Panthera leo) Immobilised with Xylazine-ketamine Combination
(Physiological Society of Nigeria, 2017) Omobowale, T. O.; Otuh, P. I.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Abiola, J. O.; Adebiyi, T.; Ogunro, B. N.; Adeogun, A. O.
Electrocardiographic and blood pressure measurements are extremely valuable diagnostic tools in the evaluation of the cardiovascular system of living animals. In this study, 6-lead electrocardiograms were recorded from five male captive African lions (Panthera leo). Also, blood pressure measurements were recorded and compared from three different sites; fore limb, hind limb and the tail, were recorded. Immobilization was done with a combination of Ketamine Hydrochloride (10mg/kg) and Xylazine (3mg/kg). Measurements were recorded as mean ± standard deviation. ECG readings were analysed using descriptive statistics while blood pressure readings were compared using ANOVA at a 5% level of significance. Heart rate was 66411.6 beats per minute. The heart rhythm was sinus in all the animals. Mean Electrical Axis (MEA) was between +81° and +930 degrees (Mean +895). Three animals had their MEA between +81° and +89" while two had MEA between +91° and +930. Fore limb measurements for Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP), Diastolic Blood Pressure (DAP) and Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP) were 177.6±6.8 mmllg, 157.2+5.9 mmHg and 168.645.2 mmHg respectively. Hind limb measurements for the SBP, DBP and MAP were 135.449.5 mmHg. 120.6±5.9 mmHg and 123.046.8 mmHg respectively while the tail measurements for the SBP, DBP and MAP were 149.6-8.3 mmHg, 132.845.9 mmHg and 137.2+5.8 mmHg respectively. There was weak correlation between forelimb vs hindlimb and forelimb vs tail comparisons of SBP, DBP and MAP. However, a strong positive correlation was found between hindlimb and tail comparisons of those parameters. Results from this study should serve as a guide in the cardiovascular monitoring of captive African Lions immobilized with a xylazine-ketamine combination.
Electrocardiography, Blood Pressure Measurements, Vital Parameters and Anaesthetic Indices in the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys Gambianus Waterhouse) Immobilized with Diazepam or Ketamine.
(Sciendo (part of De Gruyter) and the University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice (Slovakia), 2023) Igado, O. O.; Abiola, J. O.; Anifowose, O. R.; Alaba, B. A.; Nottidge, H. O.; Omobowale, T. O.
In spite of the increasing use and importance of the African giant rat (Cricetomys Gambianus Waterhouse) in research, and other fields, like location of landmines, there is still not enough information on their physiology. In this study, we assessed the electrocardiogram, blood pressure, vital parameters and anaesthetic indices of the African giant rat (Cricetomys Gambianus Waterhouse), both genders, using diazepam or ketamine as chemical restraints. A total of 24 adult African Giant Rats (AGR), 12 males and 12 females were used in this experiment. The animals were divided into two groups of twelve animals each (6 males and 6 females). One group was assessed for the effect of diazepam, and the other group ketamine. Diazepam (Roche®, Switzerland) was administered intraperitoneally at a dose rate of 7.5 mg/kg, while ketamine was administered intraperitoneally at a dose rate of 45 mg/kg. Parameters measured were recorded from the time desirable sedation was achieved, and every 15 minutes till the animal was awake. Animals administered diazepam took a longer time to sleep or achieve desirable sedative state, a longer time to respond to stimuli before waking up fully and a longer time to be fully awake, relative to ketamine-induced sedation. Ketamine caused a continuous increase in respiratory rate and blood pressure, while diazepam caused a continuous decrease in the respiratory rate. Electrocardiogram showed tachycardia throughout the experiment with the use of both drugs, although this was more pronounced with the use of diazepam, causing a decrease in QRS interval and a decrease in QT interval. Gender differences were observed in most parameters measured. Results obtained gave baseline values for electrocardiogram and blood pressure readings, while also detailing the changes and gender differences observed with sedation. In addition, results indicated ketamine is best used for short procedures and diazepam at a higher dose used for procedures requiring longer time in the African giant rat.
Ethanol extract of Ficus exasperata leaf and gallic acid ameliorate cisplatin-induced toxicity in Wistar rats
(Science Publishing Group, 2025) Adejumobi, O. A.; Oloko, M. D.; Omotosho, O. A.; Abiola, J. O.; Banwo, O. G.; Akinniyi, O. O.; Ajani, T. F.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Adedapo, A. A.; Yakubu, M. A.; Omóbòwálé, T. O.
Cisplatin (CP), a widely used platinum-based chemotherapeutic, is effective in cancer treatment but it is associated with significant multiple organ toxicity, particularly the liver, kidneys, gastrointestinal tract, and cardiovascular system. Oxidative stress is a major contributor to this toxicity. This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of Ficus exasperata (FE) extract and gallic acid (GA), both known for their antioxidant properties, against cisplatin-induced toxicity, oxidative stress, and organ damage in Wistar rats. Fifty male Wistar rats (162–266 g) were randomly assigned to five groups (A–E; n=10). Group A received distilled water only (control). Group B was administered cisplatin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneally) on day 8. Groups C and D received 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg of Ficus exasperata extract orally for 8 days, respectively, followed by cisplatin administration on day 8. Group E received gallic acid (100 mg/kg orally) for 8 days and cisplatin on day 8. Blood pressure and ECG measurements were taken before sacrifice. Blood, liver, kidney, and heart samples were analyzed for oxidative stress markers, antioxidant enzyme activities, hematological, liver, and renal function indices. Cisplatin administration significantly elevated systolic blood pressure and markers of oxidative stress, while reducing antioxidant enzyme levels in cardiac and renal tissues. Treatment with FE and GA significantly reduced oxidative stress and restored antioxidant enzyme levels. The 200 mg/kg dose of Ficus exasperata showed the most pronounced protective effect. FE and GA exert protective effects against cisplatin-induced cardio-renal toxicity in rats, likely through antioxidant activity. The protective effect of Ficus exasperata appears dose-dependent.
Fibroblastic variant of Osteosarcoma in a male Alsatian dog- a case report
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2015) Tijani, M. O.; Adebiyi, T. K.; Adejumobi, O. A.; Abiola, J. O.; Emikpe, B. O.
Meningoencephalocele, bilateral anorchia with radial and fibular hemimelia in a piglet
(Brazilian Society of Anatomy (SBA), 2017) Abiola, J. O.; Omotosho, O. O.; Igado, O. O.
"Introduction: Birth defects still remain one of the major causes of economic wastage in livestock farming. It may be caused by a number of aetiologies. Meningoencephalocele results from neural tube defect during embryology. It is incompatible with life. Materials and methods: This is a case report of a stillbirth pig, which was presented with a swelling on the frontal part of the skull, and a number of other musculoskeletal defects. The affected piglet was farrowed with 5 other piglets by a 4 year old sow with previous uneventful farrowings. All other piglets in the litter showed no physical abnormalities post parturition. Results: Gross examination revealed meningocele with a circumference of 19 cm. Necropsy and x-ray (dorso-ventral view) revealed skeletal deformities which involved the long bones and the axial skeleton. The long bones were considerably shortened, with some having a ‘twisted’ appearance, while the vertebral column showed scoliosis. X-ray also revealed non-closure of the frontal bone of the skull, which resulted in herniation of brain material. Other abnormalities included bilateral anorchia, anophthalmos, cleft lip, atresia ani and multiple skeletal deformities. A rudimentary phallus was present, but dissection of abdominal and pelvic cavities revealed absence of any identifiable reproductive organs (male or female). Conclusion: Abnormalities observed were not compatible with life. This is probably the first electronically documented report of meningoencephalocele of the pig, with the reported accompanying multi organ and skeletal abnormalities in Nigeria."
Socio-demographic structure and constraints of Smallholder Dairy farmers in Oyo state, Nigeria
(Integrity Research Journals, 2019) Abiola, J. O.; Olaogun, S. C.; Adedokun, R. A. M.; Onaro, S. K.
The contribution of dairy farming to the socio-economic development of Oyo state and Nigeria at large cannot be underestimated; we therefore sought to establish socio-demographic status and constraints of small holder dairy farmers at five milk collection centres built by FC WAMCO in Oyo state, Nigeria. Well structure close ended question-based questionnaires were administered in the study location. Farmer’s demography revealed 63.64% and 36.36% male and female respectively, majority (46.54%) were between 30 and 40yrs. 73.82% do not have formal education, 40.18% reported 10 years of rearing. Major constraints identified were; lack of milking equipment reported by 97.64%, 93.82% reported lack of milk preservation facilities. 97.64% reported high cost of breeder stock. 51.82% were not aware of artificial insemination. Inaccessibility to good water was reported by 98.55%, 93.09% reported cattle rustling, 70% were not aware of any biosecurity measures.