Browsing by Author "Abu, O. A."

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ABN 200: Introduction to agricultural biochemistry
(Center for External Studies, University of Ibadan, 2002) Babayemi, O. J.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.
Agro-Industrial by-products and farm wastes for poultry production in Nigeria: challenges and opportunities
(Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Univcrsity of Ibadan, 2011-06) Abu, O. A.; Iyayi, E. A.; Tewe, O. O.
The poultry industry in Nigeria requires up Io ninety per cent of the total commercially produced feeds in Nigeria. Conventionally, maize is the major source of energy in poultry feeds in Nigeria, while soybean, groundnut cake and fish meal are sources of protein. Poultry farmers often use alternative feed ingredients whenever the prices of the conventional feed ingredients increase beyond realization of profit. Agro-industrial by-products (AlBs) are mostly cereal and oil seed processing by-products but when poorly stored agro-industrial by-products often go mouldy necessitating the use of toxin binders. The substituability of cassava for maize is almost unity but for the additional processing effort that is required for cassava. Hatchety wastes (eggshell, culled eggs, poorly formed chicks) and slaughter houses (blood, bones, rumen scrapping, and feathers) are of animal origin potentially available for inclusion in feed. The use of animal by-products for componding feeds is however becoming less acceptable. Crop wastes that have potential for use in poultry feeding are cassava leaves and also leaves from other crops. The leaves can be good sources of leaf protein when harnessed. Exogenous enzymes results in cost reduction and improved animal performance. Whereas several of these by-products are available for inclusion in poultry feeds either as energy or protein alternatives, wide Variation in their nutritional compositions and lower quality compared to the conventional feedstuffs create a Situation of challenge in their use. Nevertheless, their potential can be harnessed by guided inclusion levels, further processing, supplementation with exogenous enzymes or a combination of all three factors. In conclusion, to complementing the use of alternatives feed ingredients, the poultry farmer should also be encouraged to increase the efficiency of production by considering proper manipulation of feed, application of appropriate housing System, the use of feed additives among others.
ANS 210: Principles of animal production
(Distance Learning Centre, University of Ibadan, 2003) Babayemi, O. J.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Ogunsola, O. O.
Assessment of the effects of supplementing rabbit diets with a culture of saccharomyces cerevisiae using performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities
(Elsevier, 1999) Onifade, A. A.; Obiyan, R. I.; Onipede, E.; Adejumo, D. O.; Abu, O. A.; Babatunde, G. M.
The effects of dietary supplementation with a pure culture of Saccharomyces cerevisiae at 0.0, 1.5 and 3.0 g kg−1 on growth performance, blood composition and clinical enzyme activities in serum of rabbits were studied during a 56-day experiment. Rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 attained the heaviest (P < 0.05) body weight, consumed the highest (P < 0.05) quantity of feed and had the best (P < 0.05) feed conversion. Rabbits fed 1.5 g kg−1 yeast had higher (P < 0.05) body weight, feed intake and feed conversion efficiency than the unsupplemented group. The haematocrit, erythrocytes, haemoglobin, serum albumin: globulin ratio, and erythrocytic indices in rabbits fed 3.0 g kg−1 were superior (P < 0.05) to the unsupplemented group. Other haematological indices were similar (P > 0.05); but differential populations of lymphocytes were fewer (P < 0.05) and monocytes and eosinophils were larger (P < 0.05) in rabbits fed the basal group. Serum Ca2+, globulin, cholesterol, aspartate and alanine aminotransferases, and alkaline phosphatase were higher (P < 0.05) in the basal group than with the yeast-supplemented diets. The data obtained suggest that yeast addition significantly improved growth performance, enhanced haematopoiesis, reduced serum cholesterol and maintained the serum enzymes at normal ranges. Furthermore, the activities of the clinical enzymes suggested liver- and bone-specific advantages from supplemental yeast. The effects of yeast were dose-dependent, and there is a need to determine the economically optimum dietary concentration.
Carcass characteristics and meat quality of broilers fed cassava peel and leaf meals as replacements for maize and soyabean meal
(International Organization Of Scientific Research, 2015-03) Abu, O. A.; Olaleru, I. F.; Omojola, A. B.
A 49-day feeding trial involving 180 1-day-old Abhor acre broilers was carried out to evaluate growth and carcass quality of broilers fed cassava leaf meal and cassava peel meals used as replacements of soya bean meal and maize at 20% respectively. Four groups of 45 birds per group of 15 birds per replicate consisting of three replicates per group. Group A served as control (cassava leaf meal (0%) and peelings meal (0%)), Group B (20% cassava peelings -20% leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal -0% cassava peelings) and group D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). The cut parts of the carcass showed superior values (p<0.05) in the A (control) treatment and they differed significantly (p<0.05) from broilers on to the group on B (20 % cassava peelings-20 % leaf meal), C (20% leaf meal-0% cassava peelings), D (20% cassava peelings-0% cassava peelings). On the 49th day, the breast muscles of 36 birds were analysed for dry matter, proteins, fat and ash. The organoleptic values were not significantly influenced by the juiciness, taste, colour and overall acceptability among the dietary treatment levels. Up to 20% inclusion of cassava leaf meal and 20% cassava peelings as replacement for soya bean meal and maize respectively in both broiler starter and finisher, diets did not significantly affect growth and carcass yield of broilers.
Changes in the protein and fibre components in cassava and yam peels after solid state fermentation by aspergillus niger and rhizopus sp.
(2002) Iyayi, E. A.; Abu, O. A.; Afolabi, K. D.
Dried, milled cassava and yam peels were inoculated separately with A. niger and Rhizopus sp in solid state. The changes in crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and hemiccllulose were evaluated at 0. 4. 8, and 10 days after moculation. At the end of the 10th day of fermentation with A. niger the crude protein of cassava peel meal (CPM) increased from 3.5% to 7.0% while that inoculated with Rhizopus sp increased to 5.25%. Crude protein of yam peel meal increased from 4.38% to 6.38% 10 days after inoculation with A. niger and to 7.58% with Rhizopus sp. However, the dry matter, crude fibre, NDF, ADF and hemiccllulose of both meals decreased. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the degradation of CF, NDF and hemicellulose of both cassava and yam peel meals. The interaction of treatments and days had a significant effect (P < 0.05) on the level of crude protein, and degradation of CF, NDF and hemiccllulose for cassava peel meal (CPM) and yam peel meal (YPM) on inoculation with the two fungi. The pH value also decreased, with increase in the inoculation period. Simultaneous decrease in the NDF. ADF, hemiccllulose and DM with an increase in percentage crude protein content was attributed to the degradation of CF into carbon compounds (possibly simple sugar monomers) by enzymes produced by the fungi, and the utilization of these carbon compounds to build mycelial protein in the substrates. Titus the value of cassava and yam peels which are waste products of yam and cassava processing can be enhanced for livestock feeding through fungal fermentation in solid slate.
Comparative effects of unprocessed sorghum as a substitute for maize in the diets of growing rabbits
(1999) Abu, O. A.; Akpodiete, J. O.; Bakare, J
Effect of protease supplementation on the performance of laying chickens fed low protein diets in early production cycle
(2013) Abu, O. A.; Joshua, A. O.
A 10 week study w as conducted to investigate the effect of diets supplemented with protease on .he performance of 32 weeks old Isa Brow n hens housed in cages and fed low Crude Protein (CP) diets in a completely randomized design. A total of 60 Isa Brown laying birds were randomly allotted to 5 dietary treatments each having six replicates of 2 birds per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 16% crude protein (Treatment 1) which was the control diet: T2. 15.2% CP diet (5% CP reduction): T3. I5.20% CP diet + 0.05% protease: T4. 14.4% CP diet (10% CP reduction) and T5. 14.4% CP diet 0.05% protease. Feed and water were supplied ad libitum. Results showed that feed intake, Haugh unit and hen day production were not significant (p > 0.05). Addition of enzyme to 15.2 and 14.4% CP diets improved egg weight, shell weight, shell thickness and albumen weight. Yolk weight was improved by 14.4% CP diet. In conclusion, 10% CP reduction plus protease gave optimum performance of the laying hens and could be adopted.
Effect of ß-mannanase supplementation and feed presentation on carcass characteristics and macro-mineral digestibility of growing rabbits fed palm kernel based diets
(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2012) Abu, O. A.; Tanimowo, D. A.
The influence of ß -mannanase supplementation and feed presentation of palm kernel cake (PKC, based diets were assessed on grower rabbits. Twenty crossbred grower rabbits (757.5 ± 65 g) of mixed sex aged between eight to ten weeks old were used during the trial in 2 X2 factorial design conducted in a completely randomized experimental design giving four treatment interactions with five replicates of one rabbit per replicate. The treatments were; TI- diet in mash form without enzyme; T2- diet in pellet form without enzyme; T3- diet in mash form with ß-mannanase (0.5g/kg) and T4- diet in pellet form with mannanase (0.5g/kg). The trial lasted for six weeks. The animals were weighed individually at the beginning of the study and weekly thereafter. At the end of the study period the feacal samples were collected and animals were slaughtered and measurements taken from the carcasses. The carcass yield showed no interaction, though full GIT weights (g) were significantly influenced (Tl-23.04, T2-17.67, T3-19.99 and T4- 18.74. Enzyme inclusion and feed form elicited significant effects on carcass characteristics, with varying improvements observed Enzyme inclusion on the mash diet gave lower organ weights compared to other diets. Feed form and enzyme inclusion influenced lengths of the Segments of the GTT, with rabbit on Diet 3 having the longest length. Pelleting influenced ileum lengths positively. Rabbits fed pelleted or mash diets whether supplemented or non-supplemented with ß-mannanase digested dry matter, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in the same level. In conclusion, supplementation of diets with ß-mannanase and pelleting of diets improved phosphorus digestibility in palm kernel cake based diets. In addition, rabbits feed mash and pelleted rations with addition of ß-mannanase had improved loins as opposed to those fed mash and non-supplemented rabbits while other carcass and visceral organ characteristics were not significantly affected.
Effects of cassava waste substitution for maize in weaner rabbit diets
(1996) Abu, O. A.; Onifade, A. A.
The maize in a weaner rabbit diet was substituted with cassava waste meal (CWM) at 0,25,50, 75 and 100%. The effects of these treatments on the performance, nutrient digestibility and haematology of the rabbits were evaluated in a 70-day feeding trail period. Twenty-five littermate New Zealand white rabbits between 6 -7 weeks old averaging 750 ±25.23g were used. The rabbits were randomly alloted to five treatments and each animal was individually accommodated in metal cages. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The mean voluntary feed intake increased (P < 0.05) with increasing levels of cassava waste meal inclusion in the diets. The body weight gain decreased (P <0.05) along the dietary treatments. The lowest average daily weight gain was recorded in rabbits fed 100% cassava waste meal inclusion, while the feed efficiency decreased (P < 0.05) correspondingly with increasing levels of CWM in the diets. Except for crude ash which were similar (P > 0.05), apparent digestibility for the other dietary components were different (P < 0.05) among treatments. The haematological values were unaffected (P > 0.05). This study indicates that CWM can replace up to 75% of maize in rabbit diets without compromising growth and digestibility.
Effects of chelators and metal ions on purified leucine-specific aminopeptidase from aeromonas caviae T-58
(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2007) Abu, O. A.; Nirasawa, S.; Kitaoka, M.; Hayashi, K.
An extracellular, aminopeptidase (AMP) of a bacterial soil isolate, Aeromonas caviae T-58, was purified to eleclrophorclically homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation and ion-exchange chromatography (Q-Sepharose fast flow and Mono-Q column) to 48-fold with a yield of 3.0%. The purified native enzyme is a monomer and exhibited a single band with molecular weight of 32 kDa estimated by SDS/polyaciylamide-gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was inactivated by Mn2+, Co 2+, Cu2+, and Cd2+, but not affected by Ca2+ Ba2+, Zn2+, AI3+, NI2+, LI2+ Pb2+ and Mg2+. EDTA completely inhibited enzyme activity indicative of the enzyme to a metalloenzyme type. The addition of I mM Zn2+ restored 100% activity of EDTA-inhibited enzyme while I mM Co2+ restored 10% activity. However, the addition of equimolar concentrations of both metals showed a non co- catalytic effect, as residual activity reduced to 90%. The enzyme therefore possibly belongs to a catalytic family of Zn2+ metalloenzyme and does not require Ca2+ for enzymatic activation. The purified enzyme showed a high affinity for L-Leu- p-nitroanilide and valine but not with proline, glycine or alanine-pNA.
Effects of dietary acidifier-based diet on haematology and serum biochemical indices of broilers
(2009-07) Ogunwole, O. A.; Abu, O. A.; Sokunbi, O. A.; Asiruwa, P. O.
A trial was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Biotronics SE® supplementation on haematological and serum parameters of broilers. A total of 120 1-day old Marshall broilers were randomly distributed to four dietary treatments using completely randomized design. Chicks in treatment 1 were fed basal diet (control) while those on treatments 2, 3 and 4 were given basal deits supplemented with 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl only; 0.3% Biotronics SE® only and 0.1% oxytetracycline HCl + 0.3% Biotronics SE®, respectively. Each treatment was a duplicate of fifteen chicks per replicate. The diets were formulated to contain 3000 Kcal/kg ME and crude protein of 23% (Starter) and 20% (finishers). Variations in values obtained for haemoglobin (g/dl) (9.28, 9.69. 10.04 and 10.15) and Mean Cell Volume (MCV) (fl) (107.02, 109.38, 125.43 and 118.31) for birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4., respectively were significantly (p<0.05) different while other haematological parameters measured in both phases were similar (p>0.05). The serum triglycerides (mg/dl)(23.19. 19.29, 23.93 and 19.01) and VLDL (mg/dl) (4.63, 3.85, 5.78 and 3.80) for the Starter birds fed diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively were affected by dietary acidifier inclusion. The serum total proteins and Cholesterol also varied significantly for finishers birds. Generally, most serum indices measured declined in values at the finishers phase compared with corresponding values for Starter. All measured indices were within normal physiological ranges. This study revealed Biotronics SE as a suitable alternative growth promoter for the production of meat type chickens.
Effects of supplemental methionine and lysine on nutritional value of housefly larvae meal (musca domestica) fed to rats
(Elsevier, 2001) Onifade, A. A.; Oduguwa, O. O.; Fanimo, A. O.; Abu, O. A.; Olutunde, T. O.; Arije, A.; Babatunde, G. M.
The performance and blood composition of rats fed housefly larvae meal supplemented with, or without, methionine and lysine, or fed at high concentration were investigated. Rats fed supplemental methionine alone achieved highest body weight gain (P < 0.05). dietary supplemented of both methionine and lysine or high dietary concentration of larvae meal depressed (P < 0.05) rat feed intake. The blood composition of rats was superior (P < 0.05) on methionine-supplemented larvae meal. Additional amino acids from larvae elicited higher (P < 0.05) serum proteins, cholesterol and triglyceride; however, other blood biochemical profiles were lower (P < 0.05) than in the unsupplemented group. In conclusion, housefly larvae meal seemed deficient in methionine and it benefited the rat tremendously to supplement with this amino acid; however, additional lysine and high dietary inclusion of larvae meal as sole protein source appeared nutritionally inconsequential.
Growth and carcass characteristics of finishing broilers on acidified blood meal based diet
(2013-01) Abu, O. A.; Ogunwole, O. A.; Adedeji, B. S.; Adeboboye, A. V. K.; Tewe, O. O.
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of inclusion of acidifer in a blood meal based diet on broiler performance and carcass characteristics. One hundred and eighty un-sexed 4-week old broiler chicks raised on a common Starter diet were randomly distributed into four experimental diets of 3 replicates and fifteen birds per replicate consisting of a control diet devoid of blood meal and acidifier (T1). Birds on treatment 2 (T2), in addition to common ingredients, had blood meal and acidifier; birds on treatment 3 (T3) had blood meal without acidifer and birds on treatment 4 (T4) had acidifier without blood meal. The birds were fed respective diets and watered ad libitum for four weeks. Daily feed intake was not significantly (p> 0.05) affected by dietary treatment. However, birds on treatment 3 had the poorest average daily body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The addition of acidifier to diet containing blood meal however alleviated depressed daily body weight. The final body weights were 1.78, 1.74, 1.53 and 1.71 kg for birds on diets 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively. Carcass yield expressed in percent live body weight were not significantly (p< 0.05) affected. The inclusion of blood meal in the diet without the addition of acidifier caused a mortality of 22% in the chickens and that addition of acidifier at 0.3% improved the growth performance and livability of chickens.
Growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as influenced by propriety source of feed
(1999) Joseph, J. K.; Ijalana, O. O.; Abu, O. A.
This study investigated the quality of selected popular poultry feeds available in Nigerian poultry feed market, using growth performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens as indices. Day old broiler chicks were fed with diets obtained from four different commercial feed manufacturers (coded FTE, GFE, PFE and SFE to protect the manufacturers) and control diet (formulated in conformity with recommended nutrient requirements for broiler chickens) over an eight week trial period. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in crude protein, fat and fibre contents of feeds. Crude protein contents of the commercial feeds were found to be below the recommendation level. In some of the feeds the crude fat and fibre contents were higher than the standard levels. The variation in feed quality resulted in reduced feed intake, lower average daily live weight gain, higher feed: gain ratio and lower nutrient retention (protein, fat, fibre) in broilers fed commercial diets when compared with birds on control diet. Live and carcass weight of birds placed on commercial diets FTE, PFE and SFE were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those placed on control diet. Since live and carcass weights of birds are the two major price indices in broiler chicken market, it was therefore concluded that most of the commercial feeds in Nigerian market were substandard.
Haematogical and biochemical proflies of rabbits fed pelleted and non pelleted maize substituted sweet potato root diets
(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2011-09) Abu, O. A.
Unpeeled, sliced sun-dried sweet potato roots were milled and replaced with maize at 0, 25. 50, 75 and 100% levels in the diets rabbits. Fifty mongrel rabbits aged between 8-10 weeks average body weight of 650.25A0.33g were randomly allotted to the ten diets with five rabbits per diet. A group of five diets were fed in meal form while a second group was fed in pelleted form. The rabbits were fed and given water ad libitum for 10 weeks. At the end of the tenth week blood samples were collected from the marginal ear vein for haematological and serum profiles. Except for PCV and MCHC values of rabbits fed non pelleted total replacement of maize with sweet potato all the haematological and biochemical indices did not show any appreciable effects.
Haematological indices of Wistar rats fed dehulled African yam bean (stenostylis stenocarpa) soaked in acidic and alkaline media
(Nigerian Society for Animal Production, 2015-03) Amusa, H. O.; Abu, O. A.
A total of thirty Wistar rats weighing 40±50g were randomly allocated to three dietary treatments in a completely randomized block design to investigate the haematological indices of Wistar rats fed dehulled African yam bean (Sphenostylis stenocarpa) soaked in acidic and alkaline media. Three diets were formulated to contain dehulled AYB- (TI), dehulled AYB soaked ogi liquor (acidic medium)- (T3) and dehulled AYB soaked in wood ash (alkaline solution)-(T3). The experiment lasted for 28days. Two rats per treatment were sacrificed by cervical decapitation, Red Blood Cell (RBC), lymphocyte AST and creatinine were not affected by dietary treatments while Packed Cell Volume, Haemoglobin, White Blood Cell, Neutrophils, Monocytes, Basophil, Platelets, total protein, albumin, globulin and ALT were significantly affected (P>0.05) by dietary treatments. Rats on T3 had the highest haemoglobin value (15.6g/dl) and PCV (48.0%). Rats on T2 and TI had the highest value of monocyte (2.00%) and basophil (2.00%) However, values of PCV and Haemoglobin followed similar pattern. In conclusion dehulled African yam bean seeds soaked in ogi liquor (acidic medium) and wood ash (alkaline medium) can be fed to rats without having adverse effects on haematological indices of the rats.
Information needs of small ruminant rearers in peri-urban areas of Southwest Nigeria
(2010-07) Abu, J. Z.; Adekoya, A. E.; Abu, O. A.
The study aimed at recognizing the information needs of small ruminant rearers within households in three peri-urban areas of Oyo state and Ile-Ogbo in Osun state. The respondents were purposively selected and snowball technique was used to identify them. Focus group discussion and questionnaire/interview schedule were used to collect information for the study. It was discovered that 51.3% of respondents were aged 50years and above indicating that the rearing of small ruminants was also suitable for the more settled and slower citizens and that 73.6% of the respondent had some form of education. Majority of the respondents (87.6%) earned less than N5,000.00 monthly from small ruminants and 94.2% of them think rearing small ruminants is profitable. In addition, 77.7% of them reared small ruminants primarily for income generation. The study also revealed that the most important constraints to small ruminant production were theft, death from vehicles and pests and disease infestations and that the respondents needed information on small ruminant rearing in areas like feeding, management System, housing, disease Identification and record keeping.
Microbial load, cholesterol levels and sensory quality of hard-boiled commercial eggs
(Bioline International, 1999) Joseph, J. K.; Adeniyi, J. O.; Abu, O. A.
Microbial flora and load, Cholesterol levels and sensory quality of attributes of hard-boiled commercial eggs being hawked along Lagos-Ilorin Road were monitored in this study. The bacteria isolated from the eggs include; Achromobacter sp. and Staphylococcous aureus. While the eggs sampled from Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Ilorin had lower microbial load (20 - 33 X 10(4) CFU/g). On the average a 56g egg was found to contain 235mg Cholesterol. The results of sensory quality evaluation showed that the panelists that rated the eggs for appearance of albumen, and yolk, juiciness, flavour, firmness and Overall acceptability preferred and rated higher eggs obtained from Ibadan, Ogbomoso and Ilorin when compared with eggs obtained from Lagos and Oyo States. The implications of these findings from the standpoint of food poisoning and public health were discussed.
Nutrient utilisation and carcass value of broilers fed palm kernel cake and cassava rations supplemented with ß- mannanase
(Animal Science Association of Nigeria, 2010-09) Adetunji, V. A.; Abu, O. A.; Tewe, O. O.
An 8-week feeding trial was conducted on one 144- day old Arbor acre strain of broiler birds to investigate the nutrier utilization and carcass value of broilers fed palm kernel cake and cassava rations supplemented with ß -mannanase enzyme ir. a completely randomized design. The birds were subjected to six different dietary treatments with 24 birds per treatment ea: treatment had 3 replicates . Treatment I was the control with no test ingredients (no PKC, no Cassava grit). Treatments II, III, IV, V and VI were the test diets. In treatments II and III, maize were replaced in the diet with palm kernel cake + cassava Grit and Palm Kernel Cake +Dried Oil Cake respectively. Diet IV consisted of control + enzyme ß mannanase and diet V and VI consisted of the addition of enzyme ß mannanase to diets III & IV respectively. There was no significant difference (p>0.05, due to treatments on the weekly feed intake and body weight gain. There was no significant difference (p<0.05) on carcass value and nutrient utilization except dressed weight, eviscerated weight, neck weight expressed as percentage of dressed weight which showed significant (p<0.05) difference. Other carcass parameters evaluated did not differ significant (p>0.05). There was no significant difference in eviscerated weight and dressed weight among treatment II, VI and the control but treatment V and IV differ significantly from other treatments. There was significant (p<0.05) difference in nutrient utilization among the treatments. Treatments IV, V, and VI differ significantly from the control in dry matter digestibility, crude protein, crude fibre, ash. ether extract and nitrogen free extract. There was no significant difference in feed conversion With the noticeable trend in the result indicated that treatment V had improved performance therefore; it is more feasible to raise broilers on Cassava and palm kernel cake based diet supplemented with Enzyme mannanase for Optimum performance and productivity.