Browsing by Author "Adeoye, I. A."

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Factors associated with treatment success among pulmonary tuberculosis and HIV co-infected patients in Oyo State, South West-Nigeria
(Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch., 2013) Oladimeji, O. O.; Obasanya, J. O.; Daniel, O. J.; Gidado, M.; Akolo, C.; Oladimeji, K. E.; Atilola, O.; Ajayi, T.; Adeyinka, A. D.; Osman, E.; Odusote, T.; Awe, A.; Lawalu, O.; Omoniyi, A.; Dairo, D. M.; Adedokun, B. O.; Adeoye, I. A.; Igodekwe, F. C.; Hassan, A.; Onoja, M. A.
BACKGROUND The co-existence of Tuberculosis (TB) and Human immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is known to increase morbidity and mortality in patients. The determinants of treatment success in TB- HIV co-infection are not yet well studied. Such information can help optimise treatment and reduce morbidity and mortality. OBJECTIVE To determine factors associated with anti- tubercular treatment success among TB /HIV coinfected patients. METHODS A cross sectional study was carried out in fifty three DOT clinics and treatment centres using tuberculosis patient’s records from January 2009 to December 2010 in Oyo state, Nigeria. The study population consisted of 7905 tuberculosis patients. Information on variables of interest were obtained with the use of data extraction forms. Chi-square and logistic regression were used to test the relationship between TB/ HIV co- infection and socio-demographic variables, clinical characteristics and treatment success. RESULTS Prevalence of TB /HIV co-infection was found to be 14.2%. Patients with TB-HIV co-infection were younger and more likely to be females. There were statistically significant association between treatment success and gender, marital status and patient point of care. After adjusting for other variables, it was found that patients receiving treatment in private facilities were independently less likely to be successfully treated compared with those receiving care in Public facilities. Female patients were also independently more likely to have better treatment outcome than male. CONCLUSION In addition to patients’ point of care, gender of the patients can adversely impact on their treatment success. Efforts from the government to strengthening the private public mix, health education and media awareness on adherence to treatment to improve treatment success should be intensified in the country.
Incidence, determinants and perinatal outcomes of near miss maternal morbidity in Ile-Ife, Nigeria: a prospective case control study
(Springer Nature, 2013-04) Adeoye, I. A.; Onayade, A. A.; Fatusi, A. O.
Maternal mortality ratio in Nigeria is one of the highest in the world. Near misses occur in larger numbers than maternal deaths hence they allow for a more comprehensive analysis of risk factors and determinants as well as outcomes of life-threatening complications in pregnancy. The study determined the incidence, characteristics, determinants and perinatal outcomes of near misses in a tertiary hospital in South-west Nigeria. Methods: A prospective case control study was conducted at the maternity units of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospitals Complex, Ile-Ife Nigeria between July 2006 and July 2007. Near miss cases were defined based on validated disease-specific criteria which included severe haemorrhage, hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, prolonged obstructed labour, infection and severe anaemia. Four unmatched controls of pregnant women were selected for every near miss case. Three categories of risk factors (background, proximate, clinical) which derived from a conceptual framework were examined. The perinatal outcomes were also assessed. Bi-variate logistic regressions were used for multivariate analysis of determinants and perinatal outcomes of near miss. Results: The incidence of near miss was 12%. Severe haemorrhage (41.3%), hypertensive disorders in pregnancy (37.3%), prolonged obstructed labour (23%), septicaemia (18.6%) and severe anaemia (14.6%) were the direct causes of near miss. The significant risk factors with their odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals were: chronic hypertension [OR=6.85; 95% CI: (1.96 – 23.93)] having experienced a phase one delay [OR=2.07; 95% CI (1.03 – 4.17)], Emergency caesarean section [OR=3.72; 95% CI: (0.93 – 14.9)], assisted vaginal delivery [OR=2.55; 95% CI: (1.34 – 4.83)]. The protective factors included antenatal care attendance at tertiary facility [OR=0.19; 95% CI: (0.09 – 0.37)], knowledge of pregnancy complications [OR=0.47; 95% CI (0.24 – 0.94)]. Stillbirth [OR=5.4; 95% CI (2.17 – 13.4)] was the most significant adverse perinatal outcomes associated with near miss event. Conclusions: The analysis of near misses has evolved as a useful tool in the investigation of maternal health especially in life-threatening situations. The significant risk factors identified in this study are amenable to appropriate public health and medical interventions. Adverse perinatal outcomes are clearly attributable to near miss events. Therefore, the findings should contribute to Nigeria’s effort to achieving MDG 4 and 5.
Investigation of a measles outbreak in a Rural Nigerian community – the aladura experience
(Academic Journals, 2010-03) Adeoye, I. A.; Dairo, M. D.; Adekunle, L. V.; Adedokun, H. O.; Makanjuola, J.
The global burden of measles has remained a public health challenge. Worldwide, measles is the fifth leading cause of death among under-five children with an estimate of 197,000 deaths in 2007. In Nigeria, measles is an important cause of childhood morbidity and mortality. Measles outbreaks have been increasingly common in the country with 30, 194 and 256 outbreaks reported in 2006, 2007 and 2008 respectively. This paper describes the investigation, findings and mitigation efforts of a measles outbreak in Ogunmakin, a rural community in South-western Nigeria from 7th January to 15th February 2009. The study design was descriptive and cross-sectional in nature. The investigation was multidisciplinary in nature performed based on the national guidelines for investigating a measles outbreak. This involved data and blood sample collection from the initial cases, notification of the local government health authority, active search and line listing of cases from other health facilities. A household survey was conducted to find additional cases as well as to define the extent of the outbreak. Qualitative techniques were also employed to explore the issues associated with the uptake of immunization in the community. A total of 29 measles cases were identified, all were less than five years old. There were two deaths giving a case fatality rate of 6.9%. Majority of the cases (96.5%) were not immunized against measles. The epidemic spanned 5 weeks with majority of the cases occurring in the 2nd week. There was a clustering of cases in one of the five quarters/settlement – Otesile. The measles immunization coverage for the community was estimated as 22.9%. The stated reasons for the poor uptake of immunization were lack of time, not regarding it as important. A total of 432 children aged 9 months to 15 years received measles antigen during the response vaccination campaign. The measles outbreak in Ogunmakin village was due to low routine immunization coverage resulting in an accumulation of susceptible children. Socio-cultural factors and weak health infrastructure contribute significantly to the low uptake of immunization. There is the need mobilized the entire community on the importance of immunization as well as strengthen the provision of routine immunization.
Soil transmitted helminthes infection among pregnant women in peri-urban areas of Ibadan, Nigeria: A cross-sectional study
(2018) Umezurike, C. E.; Adeoye, I. A.; Oluwatoba, O. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.
"Background: Soil Transmitted Helminthes (STH) infection is an important public health problem in developing countries which adversely affects pregnant women and their newborn infants. The epidemiology of STH among pregnant women has not been fully explored in Nigeria. We examined the prevalence, intensity and risk factors of STH among antenatal care attendees in Ibadan. Methods: A cross sectional facility-based study was conducted among the 326 pregnant women attending antenatal care clinics in six selected Primary Health Care centers, in the peri-urban areas of Ibadan Oyo State. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used to obtain information on the socio-demographic, maternal, environmental characteristics and hygiene practices. Kato-Katz method was used to identify the presence of STH from stool samples. Data were analysed using chi-square and bivariate logistic analysis. Results: The overall prevalence of STH was 13.8%, 95% CI (10.0–17.7). Ascaris lumbricoides 12.8%, 95% CI (9.5–16.9) was the most prevalent followed by hookworm infection 0.6%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.15) and Trichuris trichiura 0.3%, 95% CI (−0.2–0.9). Majority of the infection were of light intensity (44 out of 45). Walking bare footed in the home environment increased the likelihood of being infected with STH [OR 1.93 95% CI (1.01–3.72) p=0.048] compared with women who wore shoes. Conclusion: STH infection is prevalent among pregnant women in the peri-urban region of Ibadan. Therefore public health interventions like active surveillance of STH and the prescription of deworming drugs will be beneficial for pregnant women. "
Utilisation of modern contraceptive among women of childbearing age in resource constraint setting: evidence from 2008 national demographic and health survey in Nigeria
(Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2014) Igbodekwe, F. C.; Oladimeji, O. O.; Oladimeji, K. E.; Adeoye, I. A.; Akpa, O. M.; Lawson, L.
Nigerian women are known to have high fertility rates and a low utilization of modern contraceptives. Understanding the factors affecting the use of contraceptives using a nationally representative data is crucial to tackling the low prevalence of contraceptive use in Nigeria. Methods: Secondary dataset of 33,385 women aged 15-49 years, who participated in the 2008 National Demographic and Health Survey was analysed. We calculated contraceptive prevalence rates for various population sub-groups, and examined the association between socio-demographic characteristics and current modern contraceptive use, using multiple logistic regressions. Results: Mean age of the respondents was 31.1±8.8 years. Current contraceptive prevalence rate was 13.2%, while that of modern methods was 9.4%. The significant factors associated with the utilization of contraceptives were urban residence (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being a working class woman (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being educated (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), parity (OR=1.22, 95%CI=1.11-1.35), being wealthy (OR=2.62, 95%CI=2.14-3.21). Importantly, the likelihood utilization varied across the gradient of wealth. Women in richest (OR=2.62, 95%CI=2.14-3.21), richer (OR=2.44, 95%CI=2 .02-2.94), and middle (OR=1.78, 95%CI=1.48-2.14) wealth quintiles were more likely to use modern method compared to women in the poorest category. Conclusions: Prevalence rates were very low across virtually all segments of the population. Concerted efforts are required to increase use of modern methods of contraception.
What is the link between malaria prevention in pregnancy and neonatal survival in Nigeria?
(Women’s Health and Action Research Centre, 2019) Adeoye, I. A.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.
Neonatal mortality has been recognized as a global public health challenge and Nigeria has the highest prevalence in Africa. Malaria during pregnancy jeopardizes neonatal survival through placental parasitaemia, maternal anaemia, and low birth weight. This study investigated association between the malaria prevention in pregnancy and neonatal survival using a nationally representative data - Nigeria Demographic Health Survey 2013. Child recode data was used and the outcome variable was neonatal death. The main independent variables were the use of at least 2 doses of intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPT-SP) and proportion of pregnant women who reported Insecticide Treated Net (ITN) use the night before the survey. Data were analyzed using Pearson Chi-square (x 2 ) test of association and survival analysis techniques. Total neonatal mortality rate was 38 per1000 live births. Cox proportional hazard model showed that low birth weight (HR 1.49, 95% CI (1.15 – 1.93 p=0.003) and adequate number of ANC visits (≥ 4 visits) (HR 0.68, 95% CI (0.53 – 0.93) were associated with neonatal survival. The use of at least 2 doses of IPT-SP was not an independent factor for neonatal survival (HR 0.72, 95% CI (0.53 – 1.15). Malaria prevention in pregnancy is crucial for neonatal survival through the prevention of low birth weight.