Browsing by Author "Adepoju, O. T."

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    Anti-hyperglycemic effect of cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifollium) corm in alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats
    (Academic Journals, 2016) Folasire, O. F.; Oridupa, O. A.; Owolabi, A. J.; Adepoju, O. T.
    Diabetes mellitus constitutes a global public health concern and dietary approach is key to the control and prevention of lethal complications. This study investigated the hypoglycemic and anti-hyperglycemic effects of Xanthosoma sagittifolium-incorporated diets in normoglycemic and alloxan induced diabetic rats. Seventy normoglycemic male Wistar strain albino rats (120 to 200 g) were divided into two groups of thirty-five each. Group 1 was randomly distributed into seven subgroups and each subgroup assigned to 100% rat pellets, X. sagittifolium-incorporated rat pellet (25, 50 and 75%), 100% X. sagittifolium, 100% X. sagittifolium + Glibenclamide (oral hypoglycaemic agent for treatment of diabetes) or 100% rat pellets + Glibenclamide. Diabetes was induced in Group 2 rats fasted for 12 h by intraperitoneal injection of Alloxan (100 mg/kg body weight). Initial fasting blood glucose levels (BGL) were recorded, and alloxan-treated rats with BGL >200 mg/dl 48 h post-induction were considered diabetic and divided into seven subgroups. Dietary treatment was carried out, and blood glucose level (BGL) monitored for 14 days. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey’s post-hoc test at p< 0.05. X. sagittifolium caused a significant reduction in the BGL of alloxan-induced diabetic rats (p0.05) but no hypoglycemic effect in normoglycemic rats. Rats fed 25% (BGL:165.2±16.9 mg/dl), 50% (BGL: 189.2±15.9 mg/dl) and 75% (BGL:152.0±23.0 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium showed better control of BGL by 24 h post-prandial compared with rats administered glibenclamide (BGL: 195.0±18.6 mg/dl) and 100% X. sagittifolium (BGL: 221.0±17.0 mg/dl). Rats fed 75% (BGL: 118.4±11.0 mg/dl) or 100% (BGL: 97.0±17.1 mg/dl) X. sagittifolium had better controlled BGL compared with rats fed pellets and pellets + glibenclamide (BGL: 154.2±19.8 mg/dl) on day 7. X. sagittifolium corm has an antihyperglycemic effect, and its consumption should be encouraged among diabetic patients as a good replacement for other high-calorie diets.
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    Rural-urban differentials in lifestyle and food security of older persons in Ibadan, Nigeria
    (Food basket foundation, 2015) Ariyo, O. A.; Adepoju, O. T.; Fadupin, G. T.
    Healthy lifestyle and good nutrition are essential to promote active ageing. Knowledge of rural-urban differentials in lifestyle and food security is essential to design community-driven programmes. This study was aimed at assessing rural-urban differences in lifestyle and food security of older people in Ibadan, Nigeria. This comparative cross-sectional survey involved 346 respondents from two urban (168) and two rural (178) Local Government Areas of Ibadan. A three-stage sampling technique was used to select communities, households and respondents respectively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographic and lifestyle profile. Lifestyle index was assessed using a 7-point scale categorized as good (≥5) or poor (<5). Food security was assessed using a 27-point scale classified as food secure (≤1), food insecure without hunger (2-7) and food insecure with hunger (8-27). Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression at p<0.05. Mean age of respondents was 68.9±4.7 and 69.7±4.4 years in urban and rural areas respectively. Prevalence of heavy alcohol intake (16.1%, 16.9%) and irregular physical activity (1.8%, 9.6%) were lower in urban than rural areas. Current smoking was three times higher (13.5%) in rural than urban areas (4.8%). Food insecurity with hunger was nine-times higher in rural (16.9%) than urban areas (1.8%) while food insecurity without hunger was 17.4% and 7.1% in rural and urban areas respectively. The key predictors of food insecurity were age, income, smoking and alcohol intake in urban areas; and gender, marital status, education and smoking in rural areas. Food security and healthy lifestyle characterized by moderate alcohol intake and low prevalence of smoking among older people in Ibadan are high. Food insecurity and poor lifestyle typified by poor physical activity and low fruits and vegetable intakes were higher in rural than urban areas. Interventions to improve physical activity and intakes of fruits and vegetables should be targeted at older people particularly those in rural areas.