Browsing by Author "Adewole, D."

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Dynamics of poverty-related dissimilarities in fertility in Nigeria: 2003-2018
(Elsevier B.V, 2020) Adebowale, A. S.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Olowolafe, T.; Onwusaka, O.; Adewole, D.; Sadikue, S.; Palamuleni, M.
Nigeria is one of the high fertility countries worldwide. Little is known about the differences in fertility experience of women in poor and rich households in Nigeria. We ex amined the relationship between household wealth and fertility in Nigeria with focus on women from poor and rich households.This national representative and cross-sectional design study involved analysis of fourrounds (2003, 2008, 2013, 2018) of Nigeria Demographic Health and Survey data . Theoutcome variable was fertility measured from the full birth history information reported by women of reproductive age. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, direct and Gompertz-relational demographic methods, logistic regression and negative binomial re gression models (α=0.05). Across the survey years, the mean number of children ever born (CEB), the total fer tility rate and the percentage of women who had high fertility were consistently higher among the women from poor households than those from the rich households. From 2003 to 2018, declining pattern (slope = -0.87) in percentage of high fertility women was observed among rich unlike the poor women (slope = +0.31) where a slight increase was observed. In 2018 as for other survey rounds, about 18.7% and 38.4% of rich and poor women had high fertility (CEB≥5) respectively. The likelihood of high fertility (CEB≥5) was 2.74 (C.I=2.60-2.89, p<0.001) times higher among poor women than the rich women. In 2018,the fertility incidence risk ratio was about 8.0% higher among the women from the poo rhouseholds than their counterparts from the rich households and this pattern was observed when some other factors were included in the regression model across the survey years (2003-2018).
Exposure to agrochemicals and markers of kidney damage among farmers in rural communities in Southwestern Nigeria
(2021) Ajayi, S.O.; Raji, Y.R.; Michael, O.S.; Adewole, D.; Akande, T.; Abiola, B.; Aminu, S.; Olugbenga-Bello, A.; Arije, A.
Background: Chronic kidney disease of unknown origin (CKDu) is assuming an epidemic proportion, especially in farming communities worldwide. We explored the relationship between CKD markers and agrochemical exposure among rural farmers in South Western Nigeria. Methods: We studied selected farming communities in Southwestern Nigeria where the use of agrochemicals was widespread. A pre-tested questionnaire was administered to participants. Anthropometric data, information on use of agrochemicals; urine and blood samples were obtained. Informed consent was obtained from participants. The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics committee and complied with 1975 Helsinki declaration, as revised in 2000. Results: A total of 438 farmers made up of 202 males (46.1%) and 236 females (53.9%) were studied. The mean microalbuminuria was 30.2 ±11.7 mg/dl. Majority of the farmers had CKD stage 2 (42.0%) and CKD stage 3 (37.7%). The type of farming engaged in had a positive, but not significant, correlation with eGFR (r=0.012, p=0.832). There was positive correlation between type of farming and GFR category (r=0.24, p=0.000). Frequency of use of hexachlorocyclohexane had a positive and significant correlation with eGFR (r=0.111, p=0.045). Annual crop farming had a correlation with UACR (r=0.149, p=0.024). Conclusion: Annual crop farming had a positive correlation with UACR, eGFR and GFR category. The prolonged use of agrochemicals on an annual basis can cause kidney damage.
Tuberculosis treatment outcomes and associated factors in two states in Nigeria
(John Wiley & Sons Ltd (Wiley-Blackwell), 2029) Adebayo, A. M.; Adeniyi , B. O.; Oluwasanu, M.; Abiodun, H.; Ajuwon, G.; Ogbuji, Q. C.; Adewole, D.; Osho, A. J.; Olukolade, R.; Ladipo, D. A.; Ajuwon, A.
Objective: To determine the treatment success rate among TB patients and associated factors in Anambra and Oyo, the two states with the largest burden of tuberculosis in Nigeria. Methods: A health facility record review for 2016 was conducted in the two states (Anambra and Oyo). A checklist was used to extract relevant information from the records kept in each of selected DOTS facilities to determine TB treatment success rates. Treatment success rate was defined as the proportion of new smear-positive TB cases registered under DOTS in a given year that successfully completed treatment, whether with bacteriologic evidence of success (“cured”) or without (“treatment completed”). Treatment success rate was classified into good (≥85%) and poor (<85%) success rates using the 85% national target for TB treatment outcome. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi square at p<0.05. Results: There were 1281 TB treatment enrollees in 2016 in Anambra and 3809 in Oyo (total=4835). An overall treatment success rate of 75.8% was achieved (Anambra-57.5%; Oyo-82.0%). The percentage cure rates were 61.5% for Anambra and 85.2% for Oyo. Overall, only 28.6% of the facilities in both states (Anambra-0.0%; Oyo-60.0%) had a good treatment success rate. More facilities in Anambra (100.0%) than Oyo (40.0%) had a poor treatment success rate (p<0.001), as did more private/FBO (100.0%) than public health facilities (60.0%) (p=0.009). All tertiary facilities had a poor treatment success rate followed by 87.5% of secondary health facilities and 56.5% of primary healthcare facilities (p=0.035). Conclusion: Treatment success and cure rates in Anambra state were below the 85.0% of the recommended target set by the WHO. Geographical location, and level/tier and type of facility were factors associated with this. Interventions are recommended to address these problems.