Browsing by Author "Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O."

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Antifungal potential of endophytic Bacillus species isolated from tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against Fusarium oxysporum collected from selected farms in Nigeria
(Taylor and Francis, 2023) Adedire, O. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odeniyi, A. O.
Fusarium wilt, caused by Fusarium oxysporum, is a prevalent and destructive disease of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) in Nigeria. The development of safe and efficient biocontrol measures is important for the management of the disease. In this study, the incidence of Fusarium wilt of tomato in four agricultural zones of Oyo State was established through purposive sampling, and the abundance and in vitro biocontrol potential of Bacillus endophytes were determined. Strains of Fusarium oxysporum and Bacillus endophytes were isolated from tomato plants collected from 21 farms. The in vitro inhibition potential of endophytes was determined through a modified dual-culture assay involving six endophytes and carbendazim (fungicide), arranged in a completely randomized design. Using a disease rating scale of 0–9, the highest wilt severity (6.67) and incidence (39.30%) were observed on Akinware Farm in the Ibadan/Ibarapa agricultural zone of Oyo State. Fusarium oxysporum IB3q caused severe wilt symptoms, including leaf chlorosis, necrosis, vascular discoloration and wilting, on infected Alausa and Ibadan-local tomato varieties. Thirty-nine strains of Bacillus endophytes were isolated from the tissues of healthy tomato plants. Six of the isolated Bacillus endophytes inhibited Fusarium oxysporum. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Sa08 and Bacillus subtilis Og04 produced inhibition zones of 15.67 mm and 19.43 mm, respectively, against Fusarium oxysporum and caused hyphal disintegration of the pathogen. These isolates produced cell wall-degrading enzymes with relative activities ranging from 0.87 to 5.04. Based on their in vitro inhibitory potential, Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Sa08 and Bacillus subtilis Og04 should be considered as prospective biocontrol agents against seed-borne Fusarium pathogens and Fusarium wilt of tomato.
Antimicrobial Activities of crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica
(International Journal of Current Research (IJCR), 2011) Oloyede, A. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.
Crude ethanolic extract of Xylopia aethiopica traditionally used as condiment in food and against bacterial infections, cough and inflammations was evaluated invitro for its antimicrobial activities against Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus aurum, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and a fungus pathogen Candida albicans, so as to justify its medicinal activities and validate its traditional use scientifically. The agar diffusion technique was used to determine the zone of inhibition and the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) respectively. The extract was active against E. coli, S. typhi, Candida albicans, B. aurium with 15mg/ml MIC, though was most active against S .typhi and B. aurum and compared favourably and significantly with ampicillin. X. aethiopica did not show any activity against S. aureus and B. subtilis. This study has provided relevant scientific information for the potential use of X. aethiopica for antimicrobial activities. It therefore suggests that X. aethiopica contain a broad spectrum antibiotic compound, which if properly harnessed can be used in managing an array of pathogens
Application and Fungal Incidence and Variability of stored Maize Seeds
(OMICS Publishing Group, 2013) Sobowale, A. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Egberongbe, H. O.
Assessing the effect of provitamin a on maize field resistance to aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination
(Elsivier, 2024) Mboup, M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Olasanmi, B.; Mengesha, W.; Meseka, S.; Dieng, I.; Menkir, A
Vitamin A deficiency in sub-Saharan Africa is being addressed primarily through crop biofortification. As part of these efforts, several high provitamin A (PVA) maize varieties have been released. However, these varieties are often cultivated in areas where Aspergillus ear rot (AER) and Fusarium ear rot (FER) are prevalent, resulting in contamination with mycotoxins that reduce grain yield and quality. Chronic exposure to mycotoxins poses serious public health risks; therefore, PVA maize varieties should possess resistance to mycotoxin contamination. In a previous study, 120 PVA hybrids were developed by crossing 60 PVA inbred lines with two testers possessing contrasting PVA content. Several inbred lines resistant to aflatoxin contamination were identified through laboratory-based kernel screening assays. In the present study, 21 PVA inbred lines with varying carotenoid contents were inoculated with toxigenic isolates of Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium verticillioides and evaluated in field trials conducted at two locations in Nigeria for resistance to ear rot diseases and mycotoxin production. The study identified inbred lines resistant to AER, FER, aflatoxin contamination and fumonisin contamination. High-PVA inbred lines were generally less susceptible to ear rots, aflatoxin accumulation and fumonisin contamination than lines with lower PVA content. Significant negative correlations were observed between PVA content and AER (r = −0.28, P < 0.0001), FER (r = −0.37, P < 0.0001), aflatoxin concentration (r = −0.15, P < 0.05) and fumonisin concentration (r = −0.27, P < 0.0001). Three promising inbred lines exhibited resistance to both aflatoxin and fumonisin contamination. Notably, the inbred line TZI1715 combined resistance to AER, FER, aflatoxin and fumonisin with desirable general combining ability for high β-carotene and total PVA content. These findings suggest that provitamin A-biofortified maize developed to combat vitamin A deficiency may also contribute to reducing exposure to aflatoxin and fumonisin, thereby enhancing both nutritional quality and food safety.
Botanical alternatives in management of fungal pathogens of seedling blight of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.)
(GSC Online Press, 2021) Adeji, A.O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.
Introduction: Cashew (Anacardium occidentale L.) is an important tree crop and seedling survival is pertinent to successful establishment. Cashew seedling is infected by blight pathogens causing more than 60% seedling lost, however pesticides residues related issues and high cost of chemical necessitate efficacy trials of aqueous extracts of Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Hyphtis suaveolens evaluated in-vitro on associated pathogens. Methods: Flora of blight-infected cashew seedlings was randomly collected from Cocoa Research Institute of Nigeria (CRIN) nursery between July and October, 2019. Mycoflora analysis was carried out in the plant pathology (Mycology) laboratory of CRIN. Antifungal assay of powdered Mangifera indica, Azadirachta indica and Hyphtis suaveolens were screened using aqueous extracts at 1:4 (w/v). Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) amended with 1ml of 100%, 75%, 50%, 25%, and 0% of the extracts and Mancozeb (synthetic fungicide) as standard, 5mm mycelia mat disc of 10day old each of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Fusarium pallidoroseum and Macrophomina sp. were placed at the centre of the amended media in triplicate and incubated 5-7days using complete randomized design (CRD). Mycelia extension inhibition and percentage growth inhibition (R) obtained. Results: Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, Fusarium oxysporium, F. pallidoroseum, Lasiodiplodia theobromae., Pythium sp., Rhizopus sp., Macrophomina sp. and Rhizotonia sp. were isolated. Fusarium pallidoroseum, L. theobromae and Macrophomina sp. screened with the varied concentrations of botanicals showed reduction in mycelia diameter; Mangifera indica (31.50%), A. indica (48.70%) and H. suaveolens (25.86%) on F. pallidoroseum favorably competed with mancozeb (39%) at 25% concentration while only M. indica was significant on L.theobromae(64.12%)and Macrophomina sp.(40.29%) and significantly different from control (0%). Conclusion: Aqueous extracts of M. indica, A. indica and H. suaveolens showed fungicidal potential on F. pallidoroseum and M. indica was significant on L. theobromae and Macrophomina sp.
Comparative Analysis of Impact of OBD Organic and NPK Inorganic Fertilizers on Viability and Fungal Incidence in Maize (Zea mays) Seeds
(OMICS Publishing Group, 2019) Sobowale A. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O
An experiment was conducted at the experimental site of the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Moor Plantation, Ibadan, Nigeria, to examine the effect of different combination levels of OBD organic-based and 300 kg/ha NPK fertilizers on viability and fungal incidence of harvested maize (Zea mays) seeds. Six treatment combinations of OBD and NPK fertilizers were applied as a split plot in a randomized complete block design with three replicates. The treatment levels were OBD-plus organic fertilizer at 5 t/ha (OBD5), 10 t/ha (OBD10) and 15 t/ha (OBD15), and in combination with NPK 15-15-15 mineral fertilizer applied at 300 kg/ha: OBD5NPK, OBD10NPK and OBD15NPK. Fertilizer NPK applied at 300 kg/ha served as the control treatment. Twelve weeks after planting, the seeds were harvested, shelled, dried and stored for four weeks at room temperature. They were cultured weekly using the blotter method and scored for viability and fungal incidence, while the data collected were subjected to ANOVA using the GLM procedure of SAS. Isolated fungi included Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium notatum, Mucor species and Fusarium verticillioides. Occurrences of Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus flavus were significantly higher than those of other fungi in that order (p ≤ 0.01, R² = 0.66). F-values for viability, isolated fungi, treatment, model, week of storage, interactions between treatment and fungi, and between week of storage and fungi were all highly significant (p ≤ 0.001). Generally, fungal incidence in seeds treated with OBD only was significantly higher than in the control (NPK only). However, Fusarium verticillioides and Aspergillus niger in seeds treated with OBD only were significantly lower than in the control (p ≤ 0.05). Fungal incidence in seeds treated with OBD only was significantly lower than that in seeds treated with OBD and NPK (p ≤ 0.01, R² = 0.66). Viability (p ≤ 0.01, R² = 0.62) and fungal incidence in the seeds (p ≤ 0.01, R² = 0.66) increased significantly with increase in week of storage. During storage, viability of seeds treated with OBD only was significantly higher than that of seeds treated with OBD and NPK (p ≤ 0.01). Thus, separate application of OBD fertilizer is strongly associated with lower fungal incidence in maize seeds and higher seed viability. Higher application rates of OBD fertilizer may be associated with increased viability and lower incidences of certain fungi in maize seeds. Appropriate use of OBD fertilizer alone in the field by farmers might sustain seed viability and appreciably reduce fungal incidence in maize seeds during long-term storage.
Comparison of similarity coefficients and clustering methods with amplified fragment length polymorphism markers in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from yam
(Elixir, 2014) Ojurongbe, T. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Schachtel, G.; Frisch, M
The choice of the similarity coefficient used in clustering could have great impact on the resulting classification, there is need to study and understand these coefficients better to be able to make the right choice for specific situations. In this study, variations caused by three similarity coefficients: Dice, Jaccard and Simple matching with five clustering methods: (Unweighted Pair-Group Mean Arithmetic (UPGMA), Weighted Pair-Group Mean Arithmetic(WPGMA), complete linkage, single linkage and Neighbour-Joining with AFLP markers in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides isolates from yam were assessed. Comparison among the similarity coefficients and clustering methods were made using correlation analysis, multidimensional scaling and principal component analysis. Dendrogram topology was compared using consensus fork index (CFI) and node counts. The grouping of the pathogens by the markers is not related to their agro-ecological zones. The CFI results showed varying level of similarity for the cluster analysis CA methods. It was observed that high correlation does not necessarily imply similarity in the topology of a tree, therefore care should be taken in its interpretation. The cophenetic correlation with original distances suggests that the UPGMA method gives consistent results with respect to grouping irrespective of the similarity coefficient. The use of UPGMA method is therefore recommended for its consistency
Distribution of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria
(International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 2010) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C; Asiedu, R.
Yam anthracnose disease, characterized by leaf necrosis and shoot die-back, is a major constraint to the cultivation of yam, especially water yam (Dioscorea alata Linn.). Studies were conducted on the distribution of the disease in the major yam growing zones in Nigeria. Yam anthracnose disease was found to be widely distributed in 148 farmers' fields in three agroecologies. The incidence was 52.2% in the southern Guinea savanna, 51.3% in the forest/savanna transition, and 40.3% in the humid forest, with D. alata having the highest severity score followed by D. rotundata. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) was the pathogen most commonly associated with the symptoms of anthracnose based on isolations from leaf samples collected from the farmers' fields. Fusarium spp., Rhizotonia solani (Kuhn), Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat), and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) were also isolated from the infected yam leaves.
Distribution of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria
(International Society for Tropical Root Crops-African Branch, 2010) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Odebode, A. C; Asiedu, R.
Yam anthracnose disease, characterized by leaf necrosis and shoot die-back, is a major constraint to the cultivation of yam, especially water yam (Dioscorea alata Linn.). Studies were conducted on the distribution of the disease in the major yam growing zones in Nigeria. Yam anthracnose disease was found to be widely distributed in 148 farmers' fields in three agroecologies. The incidence was 52.2% in the southern Guinea savanna, 51.3% in the forest/savanna transition, and 40.3% in the humid forest, with D. alata having the highest severity score followed by D. rotundata. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz) was the pathogen most commonly associated with the symptoms of anthracnose based on isolations from leaf samples collected from the farmers' fields. Fusarium spp., Rhizotonia solani (Kuhn), Botryodiplodia theobromae (Pat), and Macrophomina phaseolina (Tassi) were also isolated from the infected yam leaves.
Effect of nitrogen application on root rot disease of selected cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) varieties in a moist savanna
(Agricultural Society of Nigeria, 2024) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Adedire, M. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O.; Oduwaye, O. F.
Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is one of the most important root crops in Nigeria; where it is widely cultivated for its calories and usage as raw material for other value-added products. Cassava root rot disease (CRRD) is a widespread and economically significant disease in tropical Africa, contributing substantial yield loss. The screening for resistant varieties to CRRD is therefore imperative to militate against the loss attributed to CRRD. Fifteen pro-vitamin A cassava varieties were investigated for their resistance to root rot disease in this study. The trial was laid as a split plot in randomized complete block design (with two nitrogen (N) rates of 0 and 100 kg/ha) in three replications. The trial was established for two consecutive seasons (2018 and 2019). Variety IBA 980581 had the highest incidence of CRRD (6.39% and 3.99%) in 2018 and 2019 planting seasons, respectively; with percentage disease severity index of 3.62 and 1.99, respectively. IBA 070539 appeared resistant to CRRD, with and without N fertilizer application in both seasons. From our study, N application, influenced the spread and severity of CRRD in pro-vitamin A cassava varieties. Aspergillus species were the most prevalent pathogen associated with infected cassava, while other pathogens included Fusarium, Lasiodiplodia, Botrytis and Rhizopus. Fourteen pro-vitamin A varieties appeared tolerant to CRRD, while IBA 070539 expressed the best performance against CRRD and could be further investigated for the presence of resistant genes, as well as antimicrobial metabolites.
Effect of packaging material on the ripening of mature plantain
(Faculty of Science, University of Ibadan, 2011) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Olaniyi, O; Oyetoran, B. O.
Freshly harvested mature plantain (Musa spp. AAB-group) bunches from the field were evaluated in the laboratory to assess the effect of packaging material on its ripening. The bunches were separated into hands and hands one to three were employed in the study. The fruits were subjected to three treatment conditions: (1) exposed on laboratory bench without any packaging, (2) packed in thin black nylon fastened bags, and (3) packed in thick black polythene fastened bags. The set up was arranged in a 3 x 3 factorial randomized complete block design with hand number and packaging materials forming the factors. Response of the fruits was monitored over a period of eighteen days, determined by the number of ripe fruits (i.e. fingers) per hand. At the end of the first week, there was no significant difference in fruit ripening rate while in the second week, the exposed plantain fruits ripened faster than the packaged ones. However, ripening rate for fruits packed in thin polythene bags was significantly higher (P< 0.05) than the unpackaged control and fruits packed in the thick polythene bag. Fruits stored in the thick polythene bags had longer shelf life in the green state, ripened more uniformly and is recommended for commercial bulk processors who would require large quantities of fruits in either the green state or ripened states.
Effects of Organic and Inorganic Fertilisers on Fungal Diseases of Maize in a Derived Savanna
(Nasarawa State University, Keffi, 2023) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Ogundipe, W. F.; Aduramigba-Modupe, V. O.
The effectiveness of NPK 15:15:15 fertilizer (NPK) and corresponding levels of an organic-based fertilizer (OBD) on fungal diseases, growth and dry matter yield of maize (Zea mays) was evaluated in a pot experiment conducted at the University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The treatments consisted of 60, 120 and 180 kg N/ha supplied from OBD fertilizer and NPK, along with an untreated control, arranged in a completely randomized design. Data collected on disease incidence, disease severity and growth parameters were analysed using SAS (2004). The results showed that all treatments had significant effects on disease severity at P ≤ 0.05. Disease incidence increased with increasing levels of OBD fertilizer, while increasing levels of NPK influenced the severity of attack by Curvularia leaf spot and anthracnose leaf blight diseases. The highest severity scores for Curvularia leaf spot and anthracnose leaf blight (3.50 and 5.00, respectively) were recorded at the 180 kg N/ha NPK application rate. Increasing levels of OBD fertilizer reduced the severity of Curvularia leaf spot and anthracnose leaf blight diseases, with the lowest severity score for Curvularia leaf spot (2.17) observed under OBD fertilizer application. Plants treated with 60 kg N/ha from NPK and 120 kg N/ha from OBD produced the highest total dry matter yield (58.5 g/plant) and leaf area (4177 cm²/plant), respectively. The study suggests that OBD fertilizer can serve as an effective alternative to inorganic fertilizer, providing good suppression of fungal diseases while supporting maize growth and productivity.
Evaluation of the Antimicrobial and Phytochemical properties of a herbal preparation
(Sciencepub.net, 2012) Oloyede, A. M.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Efem I. K.; Ejikeme, C
Joloo is a herbal preparation locally used in the management of breast tumour in southwestern Nigeria. This study was conducted to evaluate the antimicrobial and phytochemical properties of the formulation. The organisms implored in this study include Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli (ATCC 12900), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Shigellia dysenteriae, Proteus vulgari, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Salmonella typhi and fungi (Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma Spp, Rhizopus Spp and colletotrichum gloeosporioides). The antimicrobial screening of Joloo was carried out invitro in three different concentrations (500mg/ml, 1000mg/ml and 1500mg/ml) against standard broad spectrum antibacterial (Amoxicillin) and antifungal (fluconazole) as control using the agar well dilution method. The standard qualitative analysis method was used for the phytochemical screening. The study revealed that Joloo inhibited P.vulgari, Y.enterocolitica, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. dysenteriae and S. typhi with 20, 15, 14, 13, 12, and 10mm respectively. However Klebsiella pneumonia was resistant to the preparation. Joloo also inhibited Aspergillus niger, Trichoderma Spp, and Rhizopus Spp with 14, 8 and 7mm respectively while Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was resistant to Joloo. The MIC observed for all the organisms inhibited was 500mg/ml. Phytochemical screening confirmed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, terpenoids, tannins, phlobatannins, cardenolides, flavonoids, phenols and free and bonded anthraquinones. Cyanogenetic glycosides were absent in the formulation. Sequel to these findings, it implies that Joloo is antimicrobial and posses different important constituents that can be beneficial in the development of new drug leads in the fight against pathogenic microbes, thereby justifying its pharmacological claims.
Field Responses of Provitamin A Fortified Maize to Fall Armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith) Infestations and Natural Enemies
(Nigerian Society for Plant Protection (NSPP), 2025) Alabi, O. Y.; Omogoroye, O. O; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Sajo, A. K.
The fall armyworm (FAW) has successfully invaded Africa, posing a significant threat to maize production across the continent. In this study, two provitamin A maize varieties, SYN 2 and SYN 13, were evaluated for their performance under fertilised and unfertilised soil conditions against FAW infestation and damage, while monitoring the presence of native parasitoids and predators at the Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria. The field experiment was laid out in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plot was treated with or without nitrogen fertiliser (75 kg/ha), while the two maize varieties were assigned to the subplots. Twenty plants per plot were sampled to assess percentage infestation and relative density of larvae. Damage was rated fortnightly using a scale of 1 to 9, and grain yield was determined at harvest. Indigenous parasitoids and predators were assessed from field-collected larvae following standard procedures. The relative abundance and parasitism rate of parasitoids were also determined. The percentage infestation varied considerably, ranging from 17% in unfertilised SYN 13 to 100% in fertilised SYN 2 and SYN 13 plots. The relative density of FAW larvae ranged from 0.17 ± 0.17 in unfertilised plots to 2.32 ± 0.61 in fertilised plots. Foliar damage ratings ranged from 1.3 in unfertilised SYN 13 to 7.0 in fertilised SYN 13. The highest grain yield (2.3 t/ha) was obtained from fertilised SYN 13. Two larval parasitoids, Coccygidium luteum and Chelonus sp., were recorded, with Coccygidium luteum exhibiting a parasitism rate of 32.5% and a relative abundance of 92.86%. Insect predators observed included Crematogaster sp., Cheilomenes lunata lunata, Forficula auricularia and Zelus sp.. Fertilised SYN 2 and SYN 13 plots experienced higher larval infestation and foliar damage but produced greater grain yields. The parasitoids identified in this study represent promising biological control agents against FAW, although further investigations are required to assess their effectiveness under field conditions.
Fungitoxic Potentials of Ocimum gratissimum L. and Zingiber offcinale (L.) Roscoe Extracts against fungi associated with postharvest rot of Carica papaya L
(Society for Science Education, 2022) Sobowale, A. A.; Agbane, J.; Bamkefa, B. A.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.
The fungitoxic potentials of Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale extracts on fungi associated with rotting Carica papaya were investigated. Rotting and healthy pawpaw fruits of Carica papaya were obtained from Bodija Market, Ibadan, Nigeria. Isolation of fungi from the rotting fruits was carried out using standard procedures. Pure cultures of the isolated fungi were obtained on Acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (APDA). Leaves of Ocimum gratissimum and rhizomes of Zingiber officinale were obtained from the Botanical Garden, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Crude extracts (aqueous and methanol) of the plants were obtained using standard procedures. The antimicrobial potentials of the extracts on the isolated fungi in vitro at concentrations of 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% were evaluated. Their interactive effects on the pathogens were also assessed. Cultures with 0% methanol and water served as controls. All experiments were conducted in triplicates. Petri plates were incubated at room temperature for seven days. Radial and diametric growth of the fungi was measured every 24 hours using a metre rule. Data obtained were subjected to analysis using SAS (version 9.2), and means were separated using Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at p ≤ 0.05. The isolated fungi were Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Lasiodiplodia theobromae and Aspergillus flavus. Inhibitory effects of extracts from both plants and both solvents on the isolated pathogens were significantly better than the control. The inhibitory effect of the methanol extracts was greater than that of the aqueous extracts. The inhibitory effect of Ocimum gratissimum extract was also significantly greater than that of Zingiber officinale (p ≤ 0.05). Inhibition at all extract concentrations was significantly better than the control. However, inhibition at 100% and 75% concentrations was higher than at other concentrations. Inhibition obtained with the different treatment combinations was greater than that achieved with individual concentrations. Generally, inhibition of Lasiodiplodia theobromae was significantly greater than that of Aspergillus flavus, which in turn was significantly greater than that of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (p ≤ 0.05). Ocimum gratissimum and Zingiber officinale could therefore be said to possess promising fungitoxic potentials. More work is required to ascertain their efficacy under in vivo conditions.
Fungitoxicity of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Rifai) metabolites against Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamarii
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc, 2022) Sobowale, A. A.; Uzoma, L. C.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Bamkefa, B. A
An experiment was carried out to evaluate the fungitoxic effect of Trichoderma longibrachiatum (Rifai) metabolite on Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamarii. The fungi were collected from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) and the Nigerian Institute of Science Laboratory Technology (NISLT). Trichoderma longibrachiatum was cultured on one-quarter strength Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) following standard procedures. Its metabolite was extracted using 50 ml n-hexane with 50 ml Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB). The metabolite was purified by filter sterilization using a sterile 0.22 µm millipore filter disc after centrifugation at 900 rpm for 20 minutes. Petri plates of each fungus were impregnated in triplicates with the T. longibrachiatum metabolites using four concentrations (10%, 25%, 50% and 100%) and three volumes (1 ml, 2 ml and 3 ml). Petri plates of fungi without the metabolite and Petri plates of fungi treated with n-hexane and PDB served as controls. All Petri plates were incubated at 28°C for seven days. Radial and diametric growth of each fungus on all Petri plates were measured daily at 24-hour intervals. Data obtained were analysed using SAS (version 9.3). Growth inhibition of Fusarium oxysporum, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus tamarii was significantly higher than in the control, in that order (P ≤ 0.05). Inhibition of the fungi by metabolites extracted with both PDB and n-hexane was significantly better than in the control. Generally, inhibition by metabolite extracted with PDB was better than that extracted with n-hexane. Growth inhibition at all concentrations of the metabolite was significantly greater than in the control (P ≤ 0.05). Generally, inhibition at 100%, 50% and 25% concentrations was better than that at 10% concentration of the metabolite. Trichoderma longibrachiatum metabolite can therefore be said to possess promising fungitoxic potential even at concentrations as low as 25%. Both PDB and n-hexane are effective extraction media for the metabolite.
Fusarium wilt disease of tomato: screening for resistance and in-vitro evaluation of botanicals for control; the Nigeria case
(Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Slovak University of Agriculture in Nitra, Slovakia., 2017) Akaeze, O. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.
Fusarium wilt disease of tomato is caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici and is a limiting factor to tomato production in Nigeria. The objectives of this study were to screen tomato varieties commonly cultivated in Nigeria to determine their host resistance status to F. oxysporum, identify fungi species associated with tomato plants showing Fusarium wilt symptoms and the in-vitro evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts of four botanicals for bioactivity. Symptomatic sample plants were collected from three farms in tomato producing communities of Nigeria. Isolation was done by direct plating method on acidified Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Fungi isolates were identified by cultural and microscopic characteristics. Extracts were prepared and evaluated for bioactivity by agar dilution method. The experiment was laid in a Completely Randomized Design replicated three times. Data were analyzed by descriptive and statistical analysis. Significantly different means were separated using Least Significant Difference at 5% level of significance. Of the nine varieties evaluated, only Tomato Shanty+N showed moderate resistance to F. oxysporum, while others were susceptible. Fungi isolated from symptomatic plants were Colletotrichum spp, Curvularia lunata, Sclerotia rolfsii, Rhizopus spp, Pestalocia macrotrica, Aspergillus spp, and Fusarium oxysporum. Extracts showed bioactivity against F. oxysporum at different concentrations. Methanol as solvent in preparing of Azadirachta indica leaf extract showed the highest inhibitory properties against F. oxysporum at low concentration. This was followed by Morinda lucida and Tagetes erecta at 37.5% and 25% concentration respectively. Tomato shanty+N and low concentration methanol extracts of Azadirachta indica leaf (12.5%) are therefore recommended.
Genetic diversity of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides in Nigeria using amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers
(Academic Journals, 2012) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Asiedu, R.; Odebode, A. C.; Owolade, O. F.
Colletotrichum gloeosporioides is the causal agent of yam anthracnose disease in Nigeria. Differential cultivars and amplified fragment length polymorphic DNA markers were used to assess the extent of genetic diversity among 39 isolates of the pathogen. Fourteen (14) pathotypes of the pathogen were identified based on inoculation of a differential set of Dioscorea alata genotypes of which pathotype P11 was the most virulent attacking all differential D. alata host genotypes, while pathotype P8 was the least virulent. 52% of the isolates were avirulent, 23% were slightly virulent and 25% were virulent. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis confirmed genetic variation among the C. gloeosporioides isolates and was effective in establishing genetic relationships between them. However, the grouping of the isolates based on AFLP analysis was not directly related to virulence groups or geographical origin of the isolates. The genetic variation in C. gloeosporioides is important in choosing strategies to develop durable resistance
Growth and Yield Response of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) to leaf extracts of Lanatana camara L
(ResearchGate, 2022) Sotade, A . A.; Aiyelaagbe, O. O.; Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Akinbuluma, M. D.
The tomato is the most important vegetable fruit in Nigeria. Nonetheless, it remains undersupplied because farm yield is limited by climate change, sub-optimal crop management, pest and disease complexes, and insecurity. Plant extracts have been reported to have safe and beneficial effects on crop growth due to their growth regulatory or pesticidal effects. The effects of Lantana camara L. (LC), an invasive weed, on crop growth have not been previously reported in Nigeria. Consequently, this study was undertaken to determine if leaf extracts of LC would have any beneficial effects on the yield of tomatoes. Dried and ground LC leaves were subjected to hydro-distillation and solvent extraction by cold and hot maceration to obtain the essential oil (EO) and methanolic and aqueous extracts, respectively. Tomato plants were potted in 10kg of soil at the crop garden of the Department of Crop Protection and Environmental Biology, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. The following treatments (EO, methanol, and aqueous extracts of LC leaves-8 treatments, including control) were applied to tomato cv, Roma VF by spraying or drenching weekly. The treatments were assigned following a randomised complete block design replicated three times. EO spray significantly enhanced the growth and flowering of tomatoes, resulting in a significantly higher fruit yield compared to other extracts. The top three treatments were EO, aqueous drench, and aqueous spray. They resulted in 1821 g. 1245 g, and 1234 g of fruits/plant, respectively, compared with the control (512 g/plant). Conclusively, LC leaf extracts possess beneficial growth regulating effects that can be exploited for increased production of environmentally safe tomato fruits in Nigeria.
Identification and elimination of bacterial contaminants from yam tissue cultures
(The Ecological Society of Nigeria (ECOSON), 2017) Aduramigba-Modupe, A. O.; Ekunsanmi, T. J.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Ojurongbe, T. A.
Yam tissue cultures grown on yam multiplication medium are often contaminated with endogenous bacteria. These contaminants affect multiplication rates of plant cultures and may provide a source of inoculum in the progeny of microplants. The aim of this study was to detect and control bacterial contamination in yam tissue cultures using antibiotics. The bacterial isolates were identified using standard microbiological methods. Antibiotic sensitivity test was carried out on the bacterial isolates to know their sensitivity or resistance to some common antibiotics used in plant tissue culture. Streptomycin, Rifampicin and Gentamicin chosen for further investigation were screened for bactericidal activity and phytotoxic effects on yam plantlets in liquid yam multiplication (YM) medium. Single nodes from infected plants were treated by inoculating into liquid YM medium containing antibiotics either singly or in combination. The effect of pH on bactericidal activity of the antibiotic was also determined. The antibiotics were added to yam multiplication medium in the following dosages: Streptomycin-500μg, 750μg, 1000μg and 1250μg/ml, Rifampicin-40μg, 80μg, l60μg, and 320μg/ml and gentamicin- 20μg, 40μg, 80μg and 160μg/ml. Antibiotic sensitivity test was also performed on the bacterial isolates and three antibiotics were identified as being potentially useful in eliminating the bacterial contaminants. Five bacterial isolates were obtained from contaminated yam cultures and these were classified as Corynebacterium fascians, Corynebacterium michiiganese, Paracoccus denitrificans, Erwinia stewartii and one unidentified species. The best results were obtained with the addition of 320μg/ml of Rifampicin. Combination of Rifampicin (80 μ/ml) and Streptomycin (250 μ/ml) were effective in treatment. Inhibition of growth by antibiotics was best at pH 6.9.