Browsing by Author "Afolabi R. F."

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Lepage-type change-pointcontrol chartsapplied to monitoring acute mal-nutrition in under-5 children in Nigeria
(Science and Education Publishing, 2017) Afolabi R. F.; Akpa O. M.; Osanaiye P. A.
Introduction: Identification of the most affected age is an important statistical contribution to monitoring nutritional problems among children. Previous studies have demonstrated that monitoring processes’ parameters (mean and variability) individually or simultaneously could provide some insights but no application has been related to monitoring proportion of wasting in under-5 children. The present study applied a nonparametric-based Lepage-type change-point (LCP) control chart to monitor the proportion of acute malnutrition in under-5 children in Nigeria. Methods: Data were extracted for 24,530 under-5 children with valid and complete information on date of birth, height and weight in the 2013 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey dataset. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics including mean, standard deviation and proportion. The Shapiro-Wilk lamda was used to assess the normality of the distribution of wasting among under-5 while the LCP control chart was used for monitoring the distribution. Affter-signal diagnosis was conducted to ascertain what distributional data parameters have changed, at 5% level of significance. Results: Children were 23.8(±16.8) months old and mostly female (50.3%). Prevalence of wasting among under-5 was 18.4% and higher among children aged 0-55 months (24.9%). Normality test (Shapiro-Wilk: W= 0.9268; p=0.001463) suggested that the distribution of wasted children was non-normal. The LCP chart signalled a shift (abnormal rate) in the proportion of wasting at aged 24 month; while its estimated change-point was at age 21 month. After-signal diagnosis indicated the change may have occurred in both a location shift (p=0.002949) and a variability shift (p=0.03978) of the proportion of wasted children. Conclusion: Prevalence of wasting in the present analysis is not uniform across age groups and the LCP chart demonstrated prompt detection of shift (both in mean and variability) in the proportion of wasted under-5 children. The LCP chart could be used to monitor proportion of wasting among children to identify groups needing intervention
Modelling the factor structure of the Child Depression Inventory in a population of apparently healthy adolescents in Nigeria
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2018) Olorunju S. B.; Akpa O. M.; Afolabi R. F.
Background: Childhood and adolescent depression is common and often persists into adulthood with negative implications for school performances, peer relationship and behavioural functioning. The Child Depression Inventory (CDI) has been used to assess depression among adolescents in many countries including Nigeria but it is uncertain if the theoretical structure of CDI appropriately fits the experiences of adolescents in Nigeria. This study assessed varying theoretical modelling structure of the CDI in a population of apparently healthy adolescents in Benue state, Nigeria Methods: Data was extracted on CDI scale and demographic information from a total of 1, 963 adolescents (aged 10–19 years), who participated in a state wide study assessing adolescent psychosocial functioning. In addition to descriptive statistics and reliability tests, Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor analysis (CFA) were used to model the underlying factor structure and its adequacy. The suggested new model was compared with existing CDI models as well as the CDI’s original theoretical model. A model is considered better, if it has minimum Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA <0.05), Minimum value of Discrepancy (CMNI/DF<3.0) and Alkalike information criteria. All analyses were performed at 95% confidence level , using the version 21 of AMOS and the R software. Results :Participants were 14.7±2.1 years and mostly male (54.3%), from Monogamous homes (67.9%) and lived in urban areas (52.2%). The measure of the overall internal consistency of the 2-factor CDI was α = 0.84. The 2-factor model had the minimum RMSEA (0.044), CMIN/DF (2.87) and least AIC (1037.996) compared to the other five CDI models. Conclusion: The child depression inventory has a 2-factor structure in a non-clinical general population of adolescents in Nigeria. Future use of the CDI in related setting may consider the 2-factor model.