Browsing by Author "Ajala, T. O."

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Formulation of floating metronidazole microspheres using cassava starch (manihot esculenta) as polymer
(Springer Publications, 2017) Odeku, O. A; Aderogba, A. A.; Ajala, T. O.; Akin-Ajani, O. D.; Okunlola, A
" Floating gastroretentive microspheres have been used to prolong the gastric residence time after oral administration and improve the local effect of metronidazole in the stomach in the treatment of peptic ulcer caused by Helicobacter pylori. In the present study, cassava starch, obtained from the tubers of Manihot esculenta has been pregelatinized and used as polymer in combination with sodium alginate for the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres. Metronidazole microspheres were prepared by ionic gelation method using pregelatinized cassava starch and sodium alginate at different concentrations as polymers and calcium chloride (2% w/v) as chelating agent. Sodium bicarbonate (2% w/w) was used as gas releasing agent. Microspheres were characterized using the particle size, swelling index, floating lag time (FLT), total floating time and drug release properties. Spherical discrete microspheres with size ranging from 1.52 to 2.23 mm were obtained with FLT of less than 5min and drug entrapment efficiency of 42–60% w/w. The microsphere maintained buoyancy for over 19h and the microspheres provided controlled release of metronidazolefor up to 18h. Drug release from the microspheres, swelling index and buoyancy depended on the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. Formulations containing high concentration of cassava starch showing shorter floating lag time and faster drug release. Thus, buoyancy and rate of drug release appeared to be modulated by the concentration of cassava starch in the polymer blend. The results showed that pregelatinized cassava could be useful in the formulation of floating gastroretentive metronidazole microspheres "
Medicinal Importance and Phytoconstituents of Underutilized Legumes from the Caesalpinioideae DC Subfamily
(MDPI, 2023-08) Ogunniyi, Q. A.; Ogbole, O. O.; Akin-Ajani, O. D.; Ajala, T. O.; Olorunsola, B.; Fettke, J.; Odeku, O. A.
Underutilized legumes are common crops in developing countries with superior dietarypotentials that could be useful sources of protein as well as some phytoconstituents. They are more tolerant of abiotic environmental conditions like drought than the major legumes. This makes them more adapted to harsh soil and climatic conditions, which helps to minimize the pressure brought on by climate change. However, despite their potential, underutilized legumes have been greatly overlooked compared to the major legumes due to supply constraints. Underutilized legumes in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae are better suited for use as animal feeds with little or no value as food for humans, and the extracts and infusions of the different parts of plant species in this subfamily are traditionally used for the treatment of different diseases. In addition, underutilized legumes in this subfamily contain phytoconstituents that are of pharmacological relevance, some of which have been isolated, characterized and evaluated for use in the treatment of a variety of disorders. Therefore, this review describes the medicinal activities of some selected underutilized legumes from five genera in the subfamily Caesalpinioideae as well as their phytoconstituents, which could be exploited as lead compounds for drug discovery
The pharmaceutical quality of brands of metformin tablets in Ogun-State, Nigeria
(2014-01) Ajala, T. O.; Adebona, A. C.; Bamiro, O. A.
The pharmaceutical quality of randomly selected brands of metformin tablets used (prescribed or dispensed) by Community Pharmacists and Doctors in Ogun state, southwestern Nigeria, were evaluated. Eight brands were randomly procured from community pharmacies after administering a pre-tested semi-structured questionnaire to 100 Pharmacists and 15 Physicians across different local government areas in Ogun state, South Western part of Nigeria. The physicochemical properties of the different brands were analysed using the Pharmacopoeia standard. The results showed that Pharmacists’ choice of stocking was based mainly on clients’ demand and quality, while doctors prescribe what is made available by the hospital pharmacy. Out of the eight brands assessed, seven are pharmaceutically equivalent and can be substituted for one another. However, there were quality variations from brand to brand. The ranking of crushing strength for the metformin brands was H>>>G>E>F>D>B>C>A, while the trend for friability was D>>>E>C>H>A>G>F>B. The trend of disintegration time among the brands was D>G>C>E>A>F>B>H and ranking of CSFR/DT was H>>B>F>G>A>E>C>>D. Two brands (D and E) failed the friability test while brand D had significantly lower balance of mechanical and release properties as determined by CSFR/DT. There is therefore a continuous need for random assessment of the quality of metformin brands by regulatory bodies to ensure compliance to specifications. `
The gelling properties of Dillenia indica mucilage in benzyl benzoate emulgel formulations
(University of São Paulo, 2020) Ajala, T. O.; Eraga, S.; Akin-Ajani, O. D
The objective of the study was to evaluate the gelling properties of Dillenia indica mucilage in benzyl benzoate emulgel formulation. Mucilage was extracted from the fruits of Dillenia indica using established methods and characterized by rheology and swelling. Emulsion (F1) was prepared using the continental emulsification method. Gelling agents (2 %w /v) were prepared by dispersing in distilled water with constant stirring at a moderate speed usinga magnetic stirrer. F1 was added to the gel (0-75 %w /w) to obtain emulgel formulations and evaluated using viscosity, globule size, pH, release profiles and kinetic modeling. Data were expressed as mean ± SD, and similarity factor (f2) was used to compare all formulations. Formulation viscosity was significantly higher with carbopol than with Dillenia; globule sizes increased with concentration of gelling agents, and pH reduced as the concentration of Dillenia increased. All formulations showed controlled release properties with t80 ranging between 114 and 660 min. The release was governed by Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Formulation F5 prepared with 50 % Dillenia showed highest similarity to F4 prepared with 75 %w /w carbopol. Dillenia indica demonstrated acceptable gelling properties comparable with that of carbopol and could be improved for use in emulgel formulations.