Browsing by Author "Ajayi, D. D."

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Agglomeration and clustering of firms in relation to innovation and economic performance
(2012-06) Ajayi, D. D.; Fagbohunka, A.
Agglomeration economies has traditionally been viewed as central to cluster development, in which geographical proximity has facilitated crucial externalities, particularly those relating to generation and diffusion of tacit knowledge through the creation of an innovative environment surrounding the industry. The paper underscores the role of agglomeration and clustering of firms in relation to innovation and economic performance. The paper found out that agglomeration and clustering have tremendous positive effects on regional development. These are economic booster that leads to amazing technological and innovation creation which are driving forces or catalyst for total transformation of social and economic performance of a region. The paper recommends that agglomeration and clustering of firms should be encouraged by government intervention through the provision of infrastructural facilities, credit facilities and implementation of tax holiday.
An analysis of Nigeria's environmental vision 2010
(Routledge Taylor and Francis Group, 2005) Ajayi, D. D.; Ikporukpo, C. O.
"The Vision 2010 Committee was inaugurated in 1996, with a mandate to develop a blueprint of measures to ensure the realization of Nigeria's potential as an independent country by the year 2010. The Committee submitted its report in 1997. This paper analyses the basic policy objectives-to seek a safe and healthy environment that secures the economic and social well-being of present and future generations—and the strategies used for their achievement. Despite this policy thrust, an in-depth assessment based on facts and figures show that environmental protection/conservation is very low on the nation's agenda. Indeed, the depletion of the forest has continued unabated, such that there is a high rate of deforestation and forest resource loss without a corresponding afforestation programme. The problem of erosion has received little or no attention, given inadequate funding and poor management practices. Very little effort is being made to combat the twin problems of desertification and drought. Pollution from mining and industrial activities is on the increase. Pollution from petroleum (oil spills), particularly from sabotage and blockage, is also on the increase. However, the incidence of gas flaring may be eliminated by the year 2005, given the current trend. Apart front these, Nigeria has developed only about 40 per cent of its water resources. Municipal solid waste is a common feature in most urban centres without corresponding management practices, while environmental planning, and especially Environmental Impact Assessments (EMA), have received little or no attention. Thus, most of the policy objectives are unlikely to be achieved within the stipulated time given the current trends and the general lack of public enlightenment/awareness on the issues of environmental problems and the mitigating measures. A more pragmatic approach is necessary if the policy objective is to be achieved."
Areal differentiation in crime in public transit terminals in Ibadan metropolis
(2013) Ajayi, P. A.; Ajayi, D. D.
The unprecedented rate of urbanization in the twentieth and twenty- first century in most less developed countries (LDC) is coming at a huge cost to cities in these countries chief among which are distorted morphologies, dysfunctional infrastructural system and ever-increasing crime rate. In Ibadan metropolis one of the infrastructure that has been subject of this systemic abuse are the public transit terminals, this study analyses the incidences of crime, the spatial pattern of their occurrences and the nature of crime which are prevalent in and around major road transit terminals, statistical records of crime incidences and data on crime experiences of two hundred and fifty respondents were analyzed statistically and descriptively, the findings revealed that crime rate, the nature and pattern of occurrence varied spatially within the metropolitan parks, recommendations on how best to safeguard the parks are subsequently made.
The automotive industry in Nigeria: problems and prospects
(The Nigerian Economic Society, 2003-03) Filani, M. O.; Ajayi, D. D.; Gbadamosi, K. T.
Serious national efforts towards the development of the automotive industry in Nigeria took place in the early 1970s, with initial joint venture agreement between Peugeot and Volkswagen companies. By 2001, there were over 20 different enterprises manufacturing different types of vehicles, from boats to trucks, including motorcycles and bicycles and automobiles established in Nigeria. The capacity utilization of the majority of these companies, however, very low, largely due to the high cost of importing the components needed to assemble vehicles. The authors suggest that government policy should promote the development of a wholly made-in- Nigeria automobile, and that this would in turn stimulate the establishment of ancillary companies to supply the necessary components.
Data collection
(Ibadan University Press, 2005) Ogwumike, F. O.; Ajayi, D. D.; Isiugo-Abanihe, U.
Determinant of production subcontracting in Nigeria
(The Nigerian Economic Society, 2000-03) Ajayi, D. D.
This paper analyzes the determinants of the volume of production subcontracting in Nigeria. The basic concepts are integration and industrial linkage, and production subcontracting. Data were collected from the sixty-eight contracting firms among 15 industrial estates/areas in the Lagos region. The volume of production subcontracting calculated in monetary terms was found to increase amongst the industry groups over the years. A one-way analysis of variance carried out for the volume of production subcontracting among the contracting firms was highly significant statistically. A stepwise multiple regression analysis, using the volume of production subcontracting as the dependent variable, and the size and structural characteristics of contracting firms as the independent variables was however, not statistically significant. It is argued that the nationality of the firm owner, whether local or foreign, may be significantly related to the volume of production subcontracting.
Growth pattern and the industrial development of the Lagos region, Nigeria
(Faculty of Geography, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2004) Ajayi, D. D.
This paper examines the nature, growth and spatial pattern of industries within the Lagos Region. Industrial activities in this region grew progressively over the year from mere brickwork, palm oil mills, printing press, soap factory, and metal container factory to capital intensive manufacturing. Indeed, the number of industrial establishments increased from 122 in 1962 to 637 in 1993. Lagos developed into Nigeria’s leading industrial center, especially following the expansion in its service and administrative sectors. Whereas, chemicals and pharmaceutical; and basic metal, iron and steel and fabricated metal products industry groups dominate in industrial scene, wood and wood products (including furniture); and non-metallic mineral products are rare. The spatial pattern shows that industrial establishments vary amongst the industrial estates/areas, and also among the industry groups. lkeja/Ogba/lsheri industrial estate/area dominates the industrial scene.
Industrial subcontracting linkages in the Lagos region, Nigeria
(The Nigerian Economic Society, 2001-06) Ajayi, D. D.
This paper analyses the pattern of subcontracting linkages in the Lagos region within the contemporary held views of integration and industrial linkages. The paper shows that whether in terms of the number or volume, the spatial distribution of subcontracting varied markedly amongst the industrial estates/areas. Whereas subcontractors and subcontracting were found to be concentrated in just a few of the industrial estates/areas, subcontracting was identified in both intra- and inter-estates/areas. Considerable variation in production subcontracting linkages in terms of the number of flows became more complex in successive years.
Integration, industrial linkages and production subcontracting: an overview
(2006) Ajayi, D. D.
The literature is replete with works on integration, industrial linkages and production subcontracting. This paper takes an overview of the literature on these all important aspects of the operations of industrial activities. Whereas, integration involves all forms of collaborative and co-operative ventures among industrial organizations over space, industrial linkages takes the form of purchases of inputs of goods or services from, or sales of output to another manufacturing firm which may include all forms of contacts and flows of information and/or materials between two or more individual firms which could either be vertical or horizontal in nature, and which may vary with the scale of operations and facilitated by certain basic factors. Production subcontracting pertains to the breaking down of production process into smaller units by firms which has become a major strategy of corporate organizations whereby part of a firm's production is handled by other independent firms in a chain of production.
The landscape of Nigeria
(UNESCO, 2006) Ajayi, D. D.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), environment and the society
(2012-07) Ajayi, D. D.; Okunola, R. A.; Aiyede, E. R.
The environmental impact of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Company for the environment and social conditions using the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) in Rivers State, Niger Delta area of Nigeria as a case study is analysed in this paper. Specifically, the paper analyses the environment and social consequences of the operations of NLNG on the immediate environment. Data were collected from both the secondary and primary sources. The paper reveals that air borne diseases are the common ailments. Loss of potable water as well as farmland/wildlife is prevalent while societal values are shown to have broken down. However, NLNG has put some measures in place in order to mitigate some of these negative impacts of its operations on the environment.
Liquefied natural gas (LNG), environment and the society
(2012-07) Ajayi, D. D.; Okunola, R. A.; Aiyede, E. R.
The environmental impact of the Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) Company for the environment and social conditions using the Nigeria Liquefied Natural Gas (NLNG) in Rivers State, Niger Delta area of Nigeria as a case study is analysed in this paper. Specifically, the paper analyses the environment and social consequences of the operations of NLNG on the immediate environment. Data were collected from both the secondary and primary sources. The paper reveals that air borne diseases are the common ailments. Loss of potable water as well as farmland/wildlife is prevalent while societal values are shown to have broken down. However, NLNG has put some measures in place in order to mitigate some of these negative impacts of its operations on the environment.
A model of urban infrastructural planning in a traditional African city: a case study of Ilorin, Nigeria.
(InTech, under CC BY 3.0 license, 2012) Adedokun, O. M.; Ajayi, D. D.
The nature and scope of production sub-contracting in Nigeria
(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2003) Ajayi, D. D.
This study analyses the nature and scope of production sub-contracting linkages in Nigeria. The basic concepts are integration and industrial linkage, and production subcontracting. Data for this study were collected from the 68 contracting firms among the 15 industrial estates/areas in the Lagos region. The study's finding shows that the dominant form of sub-contracting is speciality sub-contracting. The various products of sub-contracting among the industrial estates/areas in the Lagos region, and between the Lagos region and the rest of Nigeria are discussed. Independent sub-contracting is the most common type of sub-contracting relationship. While over 50 percent of the contractors engage the services of a maximum of two subcontractors, it is only in motor vehicles and the miscellaneous assembly industry group that production sub-contracting accounted for more than 30 percent of the total costs of production. It accounted for about 20 percent in each of all the other industry groups in any of the years under consideration. Furthermore, this study shows that production subcontracting carried out over relatively short distances became very important after the introduction of the Structural Adjustment Programme (SAP) in Nigeria, and it is perceived as most useful in reducing the costs of production.
Petroleum, solid minerals, industrial and power sectors
(The Federal Ministry of Information and Communication, 2009) Ajayi, D. D.
Recent trends and patterns in Nigeria's industrial development
(Council for the Development of Social Science Research in Africa, 2007) Ajayi, D. D.
This paper analyses recent trend and spatial patterns of manufacturing in Nigeria. In particular, the paper shows that industrial development in the country involved considerable artisanal crafts firms in the early stages and grew progressively in number over the years to large-scale manufacturing. The pattern of the distribution of manufacturing industries at the city level indicates that there is a marked concentration of manufacturing establishments in the southern part of the country, and especially Lagos, Ibadan and Benin in the southwest. Other locations of relative high concentration of industrial establishments are Kano in the North; and Enugu and Port Harcourt in the southeast. Although, this paper shows that production subcontracting increased and varied amongst subcontracting firms, production subcontracting relationships are concentrated in a few locations. The paper concludes that the spatial pattern could change if industrialists adopt the strategy of industrial linkages, and especially production subcontracting which has become a driving force in contemporary industrial development efforts in the world today. It is expected that the situation could be better enhanced given the ongoing privatisation of industrial concerns in Nigeria.
Regional urbanization trends and patterns - Sub Saharan Africa
(2013-06) Ajayi, D. D.
Secondary systems of cities in Sub Saharan Africa (SSA) have become the subject of renewed interest by scholars and international development organizations. This study , for the Cities Alliance (CA), investigates the role played by secondary cities in the development in the region. It includes a literature review and discusses trends, influences, and challenges, including the forces of New Economic Geography, facing the development of secondary cities in developing regions of SSA using a system approach examining urban governance, economic, development, social and environmental systems. Six country case studies illustrate the way they have approached urbanization, decentralization, and other developments in support of secondary development. A case study is present on six cities: Humabo in Angola, Dire-Dawa in Ethiopia, Mombasa in Kenya, Ibadan in Nigeria, Touba-Mbacke in Senegal and Port Elizabeth in South Africa. The case studies were designed to gain data and knowledge about challenges facing the development of secondary cities. Learning outcomes are presented at the end of each country case study. The role of international development assistance agencies and organization in supporting the development of secondary systems of cities is in SSA is discussed. A frame work for Cities Alliance to support the development of secondary systems of cities at a regional, national, and city level is SSA using a urban-systems approach is outlined, with the need for CA to focus on supporting urban governance, economic development and urban logistical flow systems for a program of assistance to secondary cities in the region.
Spatial patterns of production subcontracting in Nigeria
(The Nigerian Institute of SociaL and Economic Research, 2003-12) Ajayi, D. D.
Studies on production subcontracting have usually been conducted within the transaction cost perspective. This has tended to hinder an understanding of the networks to interfirm relationships, which could be better understood through a spatial perspective. This paper, which analyses the spatial relationships amongst places through subcontracting, introduces the spatial perspective. In a broad sense, this study analyses the spatial relationships amongst places through production subcontracting. The case study is based on the relationship within the Lagos region and those between the regions and other towns within Nigeria. This paper shows that production subcontracting is concentrated in a few locations. The analyses of the spatial distribution of production subcontracting in the step-wise multiple regression model is highly statistically significant. While the number of subcontractors and volume of subcontracting calculated in naira were the dependent variables, the size and structural characteristics of the locations where subcontracting is found are the independent variables. The results of these analyses show that the number of industrial establishments is the only significant explanatory variable. The implication of this study is that, if encouraged, production subcontracting could be used to enhance the industrial development of Nigeria.
Temporal pattern of production subcontracting in Nigeria
(2002-01) Ajayi, D. D.
This paper examines the temporal trend, that is, the growth in production subcontracting over the years in Nigeria. The relevant concepts are production subcontracting and diffusion of innovation. Data were collected from the sixty-eight contracting firms among 15 industrial estate/areas in the Lagos region. This paper shows that the growth in the number of contractors/subcontractors, which was gradual at the initial stage, became more rapid thereafter. The results of the regression/correlation analyses carried out, using the year as the dependent variable and the number of contractors/subcontractors as the independent variable are significant at 0.0001 per cent level at both the aggregate level and the level of the Lagos region. The study shows that if encouraged, production subcontracting could be used to enhance the industrial development of Nigeria.
Transport institutions in Nigeria's livestock trade: a case study of the Bodija cattle market, Ibadan
(Faculty of the Social Sciences, University of Ibadan, 2009-03) Filani, M. O.; Ajayi, D. D.
"Using a qualitative method, this paper analyses the institutions in Nigeria’s livestock trade which enable an understanding of the actors and the nature of their interactions in the transportation of cattle from centres of production to the final consumers, using the Bodija cattle market in lbadan as the case study. This paper is viewed within Alonso’s General Theory of Movement, and by extension, Ullman’s bases of spatial interaction. Fixed routes are followed in a north-south direction, with extraneous time consuming and quite often risky overland doverage of the earliest stages o f movement, through railway carriage, though not without hitches. There road transport has dominated the movement of cattle in Nigeria, often by the private sector, not without its attendant problems though. Information was collected from leaders in cattle marketing and transportation, noting especially the ethnicity and gender relations. The data collection involved group interview, direct observations and extraction of relevant information from published sources. The findings show that formal and informal actors are involved in cattle transportation business. The movement of cattle to Akinyele was from the northern states. The choice of the marker by cattle dealers largely depends on prices at various source markets, easy availability of transport, and varieties of cattle species in demand. The availability of mobile phones has facilitated the exchange of information. Transportation is largely arranged through Yan Kwammssion (commissioned agents), and transport costs vary in proportion to the distance travelled."