Browsing by Author "Aken'Ova, Y. A."

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    Detection of HIV antigen and cDNA among antibody-negative blood samples in Nigeria
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2008) Odaibo, G. N.; Taiwo, A.; Aken'Ova, Y. A.; Olaleye, D. O.
    In developing countries as many as 50% of patients for whom a transfusion is indicated are at risk of dying immediately if transfusion is withheld. It is therefore important that blood transfusion is made as safe as possible. This study was designed to assess the safety of blood transfusion in two large blood banks in Ibadan, Nigeria. Aliquots of 250 samples already screened and passed as negative for HIV-1 and -2 were collected from each of the blood banks. Samples were tested for the presence of HIV-1 antigen (ELAVIA Ag I) and the antigen-positive samples tested for the presence of specific HIV-1 antibodies by Western blot (BioRad, France). All antigen-positive samples were also subjected to PCR. HIV-1 antigen was detected in 6 (1.2%) of the 500 samples, of which 4 (0.8%) and 3 (0.6%) were Western blot-indeterminate and PCR-positive, respectively. Transfusion of HIV-contaminated blood may be contributing significantly to the spread of the virus in Nigeria. There is therefore an urgent need for an organized blood-banking system with facilities for more sensitive assays for the detection of HIV in blood to prevent transmission through transfusion.
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    Seroprevalence of human T-Cell Lymphoma/Leukemia virus Type-1 (HTLV-1) Antibodies among blood donors at Ibadan, Nigeria
    (MedCrave, 2017) Yuguda, S.; Manga, M. M.; Fowotade, A.; Chukwuma, O. E.; Aken'Ova, Y. A.
    Background: Blood transfusion is an efficient mode of transmission of viruses and other infectious agents. Although human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) screening of blood donors is already routinely performed in developed countries, there is no routine screening of blood donors in our environment. As HTLV I and II are human retroviruses and are endemic in sub-Saharan African, including Nigeria, there is need to evaluate the burden of HTLV among blood donors in developing countries. Objective: The current study was carried out to determine the prevalence of HTLV I/ II among apparently healthy blood donors at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Material and Methods: A total of 1,000 consented, apparently healthy blood donors were recruited into a hospital-based cross-sectional study conducted at the Blood bank. 5mL of sera was obtained from each participant and analyzed for antibodies to HTLV-1 using a one-step incubation double-antigen sandwich ELISA (enzymelinked immunosorbent assay) kit. Participants’ sociodemographic characteristics and possible risk factors associated with HTLV-1 infection were assessed using a questionnaire. Statistical analysis of results was done using SPSS version 17. Results: Of the 1000 blood donors, 942 (94.2%) were male, while the average age of the blood donors was 32.26 (±8.96) years. Thirty-two (3.2%) of the blood donors tested positive for HTLV I/II antibodies. All the positive cases were males. The major risk factors for HTLV I/II seropositivity among participants include; age less than 30 years, single status and previous history of blood transfusion. Other significant risk factors include; first time commercial blood donors and drug addiction. . Conclusion: This study documents the Seroprevalence of HTLV I/II infection in our environment, thus highlighting the need for large scale multi-centered studies and routine screening of blood donors for HTLV-1 infection.