Browsing by Author "Akinmoladun, V. I."

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Evaluation of the effectiveness of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in ibadan, southwest Nigeria
(West african College of Surgeons, 2013) Akinmoladun, J. A.; Adeyinka, A. O.; Uchendu, O.; Akinmoladun, V. I.
Background: The orbit is a bony cavity within the skull that is composed of many structures which may undergo neoplastic transformation. Failure to diagnose the tumour and determine its extent may lead to high morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of computed tomography in the diagnosis of orbital tumours in our centre. Materials and methods: Computed Tomography images acquired from a multi-sliced CT machine, tissue diagnoses obtained from histopathology reports and patients' clinical records were reviewed. The data were analyzed and presented using frequency tables, percentages and charts as appropriate. Results: Sixty six patients made up of 34 (51.6%) males and 32 (48.4%) females were studied. The ages ranged between 1 and 80 years with a mean of 35 years. Majority (50%) of the patients were in their 4th – 6th decades of life. While secondary orbital tumours were seen in 42 (63.6%) patients, primary tumours occurred in 23 (34.8%) cases. Metastatic deposit was seen in 1 (1.6%) patient. Bone was the most commonly affected orbital tissue. The CT diagnoses of benign and malignant tumours were accurate when compared with histopathological diagnoses in 80.6% and 96.7 % of the cases respectively. Conclusion: Computed Tomography is useful in characterizing the nature, precise location of a lesion within the orbit and to demonstrate the extension of the orbital lesion into contiguous structures. This study showed that Computed tomography is also a useful imaging technique in the diagnosis of orbital tumours with high concordance rate when compared with histological diagnoses.
Evaluation of the Haemodynamic and Metabolic Effects of Local Anaesthetic Agent in Routine Dental Extractions
(Springer, 2013) Akinmoladun, V. I.; Okoje, V. N.; Akinosun, O. M.; Adisa, A. O.; Uchendu, O. C.
Introduction: The systemic effects of adrenaline adminisitered during dental local anesthesia have been the subject of many studies. The purpose of this study was to investigate the haemodynamic and metabolic effects attributable to adrenaline injected during local anesthesia in dental extraction patients. Methods Apparently medically fit patients were included and randomized into two groups. Participants had breakfast before coming in for tooth extraction. The weight, height, blood pressure and pulse rate were measured and blood sample taken before administration of local anaesthetic injections. Blood pressure, pulse and blood sample were again taken at 15 and 30 min. Results: While the adrenaline group showed a modest increase between pre- and post-drug administration states, the control group showed no difference in median systolic blood pressures. Both groups showed a slight increase in diastolic blood pressure observed between pre- and post drug administration states. Also both groups showed no significant difference in median pulse rate throughout. Although blood glucose values were widely dispersed in the pre-drug administration state in both groups, the control group showed no difference in median values throughout. However, a modest increase was observed in the adrenaline group between pre- and post-drug administration states, which persisted beyond 30 min. Conclusion: The patients treated with local anesthesia with adrenaline showed a response similar to that observed in the control group.
Histopathology of head and neck lymphomas in Ibadan
(Medknow, 2020) Ajani, M. A.; Nwanji, I. D.; Olaniran, F. O.; Ogun, G. O.; Okolo, C. A.; Akinmoladun, V. I.
Background: Lymphomas are a heterogeneous group of tumors of lymphoid tissue in which there is a malignant proliferation of cells of the lymphatic system. They are the most frequent nonepithelial malignancy in the head and neck region. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the histological pattern of the disease in the head and neck region and trends in presentation seen in our center Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective study of cases of head and neck lymphoma (HNL) seen in the Pathology Department of the University College Hospital Ibadan, Nigeria over a period of 37 years (1981–2017). Information extracted from the records included the sociodemographics of the patients, tumor location, and histological type among others. Data were analyzed and results were presented as frequencies and percentages. Results: There were a total of 373 cases of histologically and/or cytologically diagnosed HNL seen during the study period (an average of 10 cases per year). The mean age of patients was 33.5±21.9 years with male:female ratio of 1.6:1. Most HNL were non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas (NHL), accounting for 91% of cases. Nodal disease was seen in 39% of cases. The bone (prominently, the jaws) predominated (25%) in extranodal lesions. Burkitt’s lymphoma was the most common specific subtype of NHL, occurring in 25.5% of cases. Conclusion: There has been an apparent upward trend in the prevalence of HNL over the past four decades, although other parameters such as age and sex predilection appear unaffected. Factors responsible for this trend need to be interrogated and ascertained.
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma in Ibadan, Nigeria: a clinicopathologic study
(Pan African Medical Journal, 2020-06-20) Ogun, G. O.; Olusanya, A. A.; Akinmoladun, V. I.; Adeyemo, A. A.; Ogunkeyede, S. A.; Daniel, A.; Awosusi, B. L.; Fatunla, E. O.; Fasunla, A. J.; Onakoya, P. A.; Adeosun, A. A.; Nwaorgu, O. G.
Introduction: nasopharyngeal carcinoma is relatively common in our environment. It is one of the most difficult malignancies to diagnose at an early stage. The aim of the study was to determine the clinical features, clinical disease stage of nasopharyngeal carcinoma at presentation and at diagnosis as well as the histologic types at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: this was a ten year retrospective study of all histologically confirmed nasopharyngeal carcinoma between January 2007 to December 2016 using clinical and pathology records and files. Results: there were 73 cases. The male: female ratio was 1.7. The age of patients ranged from 12 to 80 years with a mean age of 39 ± 16 years. The median age at diagnosis was 40 years. The peak age group of occurrence was 40-49 years. The most common symptoms were namely epistaxis in 67.1% of patients at presentation, neck mass/swelling (64.4%) and nasal mass/obstruction (63.0%). Majority (54.8%) of the patients presented late with stage 3 or 4 disease. Most (94.5%) of the tumours were of the non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma subtype. The keratinizing and basaloid variants accounted for 4.1% and 1.4% of the tumours respectively. Conclusion: vague, non-specific symptoms make patients present at late stages of the disease, making it almost impossible to attempt cure. The dominant histopathological type is non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and resembles that seen in most parts of Nigeria and endemic areas of the world