Browsing by Author "Akinrinde, A. S."

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Acute aflatoxin B1-induced gastro-duodenal and hepatic oxidative damage is preceded by time-dependent hyperlactatemia in rats
(Springer, 2020) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ogunbunmi, T.; Akinrinmade, F. J.
Elevated serum lactate concentration has been used to predict the risk of fatality in various disease states in acutely ill patients or poisoning with different chemicals. However, its utility in predicting disease progression during acute aflatoxicosis has not been investigated. This study was designed to evaluate changes in blood lactate levels following acute exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and to determine whether changes in blood lactate levels bear any relationship with biochemical and/or morphological lesions in the stomach, duodenum, and liver. Twenty-one male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups (n = 7 rats /group) including Group A (control) receiving vehicle alone and Groups B and C treated with single oral doses of AFB1 at 2.5 and 5 mg/kg, respectively. AFB1 produced significant (p < 0.05) time- and dose-dependent increase in blood lactate concentration as early as 1 h following its administration, with further increases observed at 3 h and 6 h. The hyperlactatemia accompanied tissue oxidative changes including increased H2O2 and MDA, as well as depletion in glutathione, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and total thiols in gastro-duodenal and hepatic tissues. The oxidative changes were reflected in morphological alterations observed at histopathology with more severe lesions observed with the higher dose of AFB1. Serum levels of pro inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were, however, differently modified by AFB1 administration. Taken together, the results from this study gives indication that hyperlactatemia may find utility in predicting the severity of tissue damage induced by acute AFB1 exposure.
Adverse effects of In-Vitro cadmium exposure on quality and antioxidant enzyme status of Boar Spermatozoa
(University of Ibadan, 2014) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ojo, O. O.; Eboh, A. S.; Adedara, I. A.; Farombi, E. O.
This study was aimed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2. 2.5H2O) in Boar spermatozoa in vitro. Boar spermatozoa obtained from the caudal epididymis of freshly slaughtered boars and dispersed in semen incubation medium (containing tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane, citric acid and fructose) were incubated at four different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mM) for 3 hours at 37OC. Sperm viability, motility and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa were assessed by microscopy every one hour during the 3–hour incubation period, using aliquots from the incubated samples. Samples thus treated with cadmium chloride were centrifuged and the supernatant was used in the assessment of biochemical parameters of oxidative stress including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as transaminases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also assessed. The percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa decreased significantly (p<0.05) after exposure of spermatozoa to CdCl2 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cadmium significantly increased (p<0.05) the levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the spermatozoa with significant reductions (p<0.05) in the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Slight but insignificant increase in GSH concentration was accompanied with a slight increase in GST activity. ALT, AST and ALP activities were differentially modified. The results of this study revealed that cadmium chloride caused reductions in sperm motility and viability, induction of oxidative stress and impairment of antioxidant enzyme activities.
Adverse effects of In-Vitro cadmium exposure on quality and antioxidant enzyme status of Boar Spermatozoa
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2014) Akinrinde, A. S.; Ojo, O. O.; Eboh, A. S.; Adedara, I. A.; Farombi, E. O.
This study was aimed to evaluate the reproductive toxicity of cadmium chloride (CdCl2. 2.5H2O) in Boar spermatozoa in vitro. Boar spermatozoa obtained from the caudal epididymis of freshly slaughtered boars and dispersed in semen incubation medium (containing tris-hydroxymethyl-aminomethane, citric acid and fructose) were incubated at four different concentrations (0, 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0mM) for 3 hours at 370C. Sperm viability, motility and percentage of abnormal spermatozoa were assessed by microscopy every one hour during the 3–hour incubation period, using aliquots from the incubated samples. Samples thus treated with cadmium chloride were centrifuged and the supernatant was used in the assessment of biochemical parameters of oxidative stress including hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), reduced glutathione (GSH) and Lipid peroxidation. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), Glutathione peroxidase (GPX) as well as transaminases (ALT and AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were also assessed. The percentage of motile and viable spermatozoa decreased significantly (p<0.05) after exposure of spermatozoa to CdCl2 in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. Cadmium significantly increased (p<0.05) the levels of H2O2 and malondialdehyde (MDA) in the spermatozoa with significant reductions (p<0.05) in the activities of SOD, GPX, and CAT. Slight but insignificant increase in GSH concentration was accompanied with a slight increase in GST activity. ALT, AST and ALP activities were differentially modified. The results of this study revealed that cadmium chloride caused reductions in sperm motility and viability, induction of oxidative stress and impairment of antioxidant enzyme activities.
Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 μg/kg (mean: 9.61 μg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.
Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.
Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.
Aflatoxin status of some commercial dry dog foods in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2012) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
The occurrence of aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 in commercial dry dog foods in the city of Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria, was investigated. Dry dog food samples from 6 producers were purchased on five different occasions from retail outlets in Ibadan, Nigeria. High performance liquid chromatography was used for separation and quantification of aflatoxin fractions, after consideration of the limits of detection and quantification of the method. Results indicate that aflatoxins B1, B2, G1 and G2 were detected in all the samples investigated, with B1 being the most abundant. The range of concentration of total aflatoxins was 7.76 to 11.93 µg/kg (mean: 9.61 µg/kg). The results show that dry dog foods marketed in Ibadan are frequently contaminated with aflatoxins, exposing dogs to adverse effects of aflatoxicosis. Scientifically based regulations for the acceptable limit of mycotoxins in pet foods in the country would be beneficial.
Alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and caspase 8 expression in cobalt chloride-induced cardio-renal dysfunction are reversed by Ocimum gratissimum and gallic acid in Wistar rats
(Elsevier GmbH, 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Asenuga, E. R.; Ajibade, T. O.
The protective abilities of the chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum (COG) and gallic acid against cobalt chloride (CoCl2) − induced cardiac and renal toxicity were evaluated. Rats were exposed to CoCl2 (350 ppm) for 7 days, either alone, or in combination with COG (100 and 200 mg/kg) or gallic acid (120 mg/kg). CoCl2 given alone, caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress parameters (hydrogen peroxide, H2O2 and malondialdehyde, MDA) and increased expression of the apoptotic initiator caspase 8 in the heart and kidneys. There was significant reduction (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH) in cardiac and renal tissues; reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidneys and adaptive increases in Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). CoCl2 also produced significant reduction (p < 0.05) in systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures. Oral COG and gallic acid treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of H2O2 and MDA; with reduced expression of caspase 8 and restoration of GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities, howbeit, to varying degrees in the heart and kidneys. COG (200 mg/kg) was most effective in restoring the blood pressures in the rats to near control levels. CoCl2-induced histopathological lesions including myocardial infarction and inflammation and renaltubular necrosis and inflammation were effectively ameliorated by the treatments administered. This study provides evidence for the protective roles of O. gratissimum and gallic acid by modulation of CoCl2-induced alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and pro-apoptotic caspase 8 in Wistar rats.
Alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and caspase 8expression in cobalt chloride-induced cardio-renal dysfunction arereversed by Ocimum gratissimum and gallic acid in Wistar rats
(Elsevier B.V., 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Asenuga, E. R.; Ajibade, T. O.
The protective abilities of the chloroform extract of Ocimum gratissimum (COG) and gallic acid againstcobalt chloride (CoCl2) − induced cardiac and renal toxicity were evaluated. Rats were exposed to CoCl2(350 ppm) for 7 days, either alone, or in combination with COG (100 and 200 mg/kg) or gallic acid(120 mg/kg). CoCl2given alone, caused significant increases (p < 0.05) in oxidative stress parameters(hydrogen peroxide, H2O2and malondialdehyde, MDA) and increased expression of the apoptotic initia-tor caspase 8 in the heart and kidneys. There was significant reduction (p < 0.05) in reduced glutathione(GSH) in cardiac and renal tissues; reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in the kidneys andadaptive increases in Glutathione S-transferase (GST) and catalase (CAT). CoCl2also produced signifi-cant reduction (p < 0.05) in systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressures. OralCOG and gallic acid treatment significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the levels of H2O2and MDA; with reducedexpression of caspase 8 and restoration of GSH levels, GPx, SOD and CAT activities, howbeit, to varyingdegrees in the heart and kidneys. COG (200 mg/kg) was most effective in restoring the blood pressures inthe rats to near control levels. CoCl2-induced histopathological lesions including myocardial infarctionand inflammation and renal tubular necrosis and inflammation were effectively ameliorated by the treat-ments administered. This study provides evidence for the protective roles of O. gratissimum and gallicacid by modulation of CoCl2-induced alterations in blood pressure, antioxidant status and pro-apoptoticcaspase 8 in Wistar rats.
Amelioration of Aflatoxin B1-induced gastrointestinal injuries by Eucalyptus oil in rats
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2019) Akinrinde, A. S.; Adebiyi, O. E.; Asekun, A.
Background: Eucalyptus oil (EO), derived from Eucalyptus species, possesses vast remedial and healing properties, although its gut health-promoting properties have not been well investigated. In this study, we investigated the chemical composition of a commercial EO formulation and its potential role in protecting against aflatoxinmB1 (AfB1)-induced gastrointestinal damage in rats. Methods: Male Wistar rats were divided into six groups with eight rats each. Control rats were administered with the vehicle (1% Tween 80) for 14 days, while another group was exposed to two oral doses of AFB1 on days 12 and 14. Two other groups were pre-treated with oral doses of EO (50 and 100 mg/kg b.w.) for 14 consecutivedays, along with two oral doses of AfB1 (5 mg/kg b.w.) on days 12 and 14. The remaining two groups weretreated with EO alone at the two doses for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, blood samples, stomachand intestinal tissues were collected for measurement of oxidative stress and antioxidant parameters and lightmicroscopic examination. Results: Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed Eucalyptol (1, 8-cineole) as the main con stituent (67.48%) of the oil. AfB1 administration induced oxidative and inflammatory disturbances, indicated by significantly (p<0.05) increased serum nitric oxide level and myeloperoxidase activity; increased tissue contents of hydrogen peroxide, malondialdehyde and protein carbonyls, accompanied with corresponding histological alterations. AfB1 also induced significant (p<0.05) reductions in glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Treatment with EO produced significant improvements in the biochemical parameters as well as the appearance of the gastric and intestinal mucosa. EO alone, at the two doses tested did not produce any significant changes in the parameters investigated. Conclusion: The findings from this study showed that EO demonstrated protective activity against Aflatoxin induced toxicity in stomach and intestinal tissues and may thus find application in treatment of gastrointestinal disorders.
Antioxidant potential of the methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens mediates protection against intestinal Ischemia-Reperfusion injury in rats
(Taylor & Francis Group, LLC, 2015) Akinrinmade, F. J.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Soyemi, O. O.; Oyagbemi, A. A.
Parquetina nigrescens is a medicinal herb with recognized antioxidant properties and potential to alleviate conditions associated with oxidative stress, including gastric ulcers. We investigated the protective potential of methanol extract of Parquetina nigrescens (MEPN) against ischemia-reperfusion injury in the intestine of rats. Thirty (30) male Wistar albino rats were randomly assigned into five groups with Group I made up of control rats and Group II consisting of rats experimentally subjected to ischemia and reperfusion (IR) by clamping of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) for 30 minutes and 45 minutes, respectively. Groups III and IV rats also had IR, but were initially pre-treated with MEPN at 500 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg respectively, for seven days. Rats in Group V were also pre-treated with Vitamin C, for seven days, before induction of IR. The results showed marked reduction in intestinal epithelial lesions in groups treated with MEPN, compared to the IR group which had severe villi erosion, inflammatory cell infiltration and hemorrhages. There were significant increases in Malondialdehyde (MDA) and significant reductions in reduced glutathione (GSH) and Glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity with IR injury, while pre-treatment with either MEPN or Vitamin C prevented these effects. Increases in Glutathione peroxidase (GPX), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) with IR provided evidence for adaptive responses to oxidative injury during IR and preservation of enzyme activity by MEPN and Vitamin C. Taken together, Parquetina nigrescens provided considerable alleviation of intestinal injury produced by IR, at values much as effective as that offered by Vitamin C.
Argania spinosa essential oil ameliorates colonic damage and extraintestinal alterations in a rat model of acetic acid‑induced colitis by suppressing oxidative stress and inflammation
(Springer Nature, 2023) Olojo, F. O.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Ogundairo, S. A.; Ubochi, V. C.
The present study was designed to elucidate the prophylactic and therapeutic potential of argan oil (AO) (from the kernels of the argan tree, Argania spinosa) against acetic acid (AA)-induced colitis and associated alterations in the liver and kidneys of rats. Colitis was induced by intra-rectal administration of 4% AA solution for 3 consecutive days. Some groups of rats were treated orally with AO (5 mL/kg) for 5 consecutive days before and after AA administration, while other groups were treated with either the vehicle or AO alone. Macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the tissues were assessed, while oxidative stress, antioxidant parameters and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity were determined by biochemical methods. Haematological and serum chemistry parameters were also evaluated. Administration of AO before or after AA induction produced improvements in body weight gain, faecal consistency, macroscopic and histologic scores of the colonic mucosa compared to rats treated with AA alone. Furthermore, AO treatment caused significant reduction in colonic levels of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) and serum MPO activity, while glutathione S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were increased in the colon and kidneys, compared to the colitis control. Acetic acid treatment resulted in significant reduction in erythrocyte and leucocyte indices in relation to healthy controls. Taken together, treatment of rats with AO protected colonic tissues from acetic acid-induced inflammation and suggests that the oil may be considered for preventive and therapeutic purposes against inflammatory bowel diseases.
Changes in serum cytokine levels, hepatic and intestinal morphology in aflatoxin B1-induced injury: modulatory roles of melatonin and flavonoid-rich fractions from Chromolena odorata
(Springer, 2015) Akinrinmade, F. J.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Amid, A.
Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study. We utilized Wistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitone al) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out. We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury.
Changes in serum cytokine levels, hepatic and intestinal morphology in aflatoxin B1-induced injury: modulatory roles of melatonin and flavonoid-rich fractions from Chromolena odorata
(Springer, 2015) Akinrinmade, F. J.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Amid, A.
Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study. We utilized Wistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitone al) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out. We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury.
Changes in serum cytokine levels, hepatic and intestinal morphology in aflatoxin B1-induced injury: modulatory roles of melatonin and flavonoid-rich fractions from Chromolena odorata
(Springer, 2015) Akinrinmade, F. J.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Amid, A.
Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study. We utilized Wistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitone al) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out. We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury.
Changes in serum cytokine levels, hepatic and intestinal morphology in aflatoxin B1-induced injury: modulatory roles of melatonin and flavonoid-rich fractions from Chromolena odorata
(Springer, 2015) Akinrinmade, F. J.; Akinrinde, A. S.; Amid, A.
Aflatoxins are known to produce chronic carcinogenic, mutagenic, and teratogenic effects, as well as acute inflammatory effects, especially in the gastrointestinal tract. The potentials of the flavonoid-rich extract from Chromolena odorata (FCO) and melatonin (a standard anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory agent) against aflatoxin B1 (AFB1)-induced alterations in pro-inflammatory cytokine levels and morphology of liver and small intestines were evaluated in this study. We utilized Wistar albino rats (200–230 g) randomly divided into five groups made up of group A, control rats; group B, rats given AFB1 (2.5 mg/kg, intraperitone al) twice on days 5 and 7; rats in groups C, D, and E were treated with melatonin (10 mg/kg, intraperitoneal) or oral doses of FCO1 (50 mg/kg) and FCO2 (100 mg/kg) for 7 days, respectively, along with AFB1 injection on days 5 and 7. Serum levels of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) were determined using commercial ELISA kits and histopathological evaluation of the liver, duodenum, and ileum were also carried out. We observed significant elevation (p < 0.05) in serum IL-1β correlating with hemorrhages and leucocytic and lymphocytic infiltration in the liver and intestines as evidences of an acute inflammatory response to AFB1 administration. All treatments yielded significant reduction (p < 0.05) in IL-1β levels, although TNF-α levels were not significantly altered in all rats that received AFB1, irrespective of the treatments. Melatonin and FCO2 produced considerable protection of hepatic tissues, although melatonin was not quite effective in protecting the intestinal lesions. Our findings suggest a modulation of cytokine expression that may, in part, be responsible for the abilities of C. odorata or melatonin in amelioration of hepatic and intestinal lesions associated with aflatoxin B1 injury.
Clinical biochemistry as a prognostic tool in the management of the critically-ill patient
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2014) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
Clinical Biochemistry as a prognostic tool on the management of the critically-ill patient
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2014) Akinrinmade, J. F.; Akinrinde, A. S.
Cobalt chloride-induced hepatic and intestinal damage in rats: protection by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum
(Informatics Publishing Limited, 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Nwozuzu, V. C.
Cobalt chloride is known to produce symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal disturbances. We investigated the potential roles of the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum (OG), traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders in protection against cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced liver and intestinal damage. Wistar albino rats were given CoCl2 (350 ppm) in drinking water for 7 days, alone or concurrently with either fractions of OG at 100 and 200mg/kg each. Gallic acid (120 mg/kg) was administered to a group of rats as a standard flavonoid. Biochemical indices of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 1β; IL-1β and Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α) were evaluated and the histological appearance of the liver and intestinal mucosa was investigated. CoCl2 produced significant elevations (p<0.05) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This was accompanied with significant reductions (p<0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Liver sections of rats exposed to CoCl2 had poor architecture and areas of necrosis with several dead hepatocytes, while some appeared with hyperchromic nuclei. Intestinal mucosa showed significant loss of absorptive epithelial cells with CoCl2 exposure. Treatment with the fractions from OG produced reduction in H2O2, MDA and IL-1β levels; reduced serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP; restoration of GSH levels and improved activities of GPX and GST. The fractions significantly preserved the hepatic and intestinal architecture.Our results indicate that the fractions of OG exhibited considerable hepatic and intestinal protection by reduction in levels of oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and preservation of tissue integrity and might thus be very useful agents in protecting the liver and intestines during concurrent exposure to Cobalt chloride.
Cobalt Chloride-induced Hepatic and Intestinal damage in rats: Protection by ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum2016
(Informatics Publishing Limited, 2016) Akinrinde, A. S.; Oyagbemi, A. A.; Omobowale, T. O.; Nwozuzu, V. C.
Cobalt chloride is known to produce symptoms of diarrhea, vomiting and other gastrointestinal disturbances. We investigated the potential roles of the ethyl acetate and chloroform fractions of Ocimum gratissimum (OG), traditionally used to treat diarrhea and other gastrointestinal disorders in protection against cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-induced liver and intestinal damage. Wistar albino rats were given CoCl2 (350 ppm) in drinking water for 7 days, alone or concurrently with either fractions of OG at 100 and 200mg/kg each. Gallic acid (120 mg/kg) was administered to a group of rats as a standard flavonoid. Biochemical indices of oxidative stress, antioxidant enzyme activities, the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (Interleukin 1β; IL-1β and Tumor necrosis factor, TNF-α) were evaluated and the histological appearance of the liver and intestinal mucosa was investigated. CoCl2 produced significant elevations (p<0.05) in hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP). This was accompanied with significant reductions (p<0.05) in reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities. Liver sections of rats exposed to CoCl2had poor architecture and areas of necrosis with several dead hepatocytes, while some appeared with hyperchromic nuclei. Intestinal mucosa showed significant loss of absorptive epithelial cells with CoCl2 exposure. Treatment with the fractions from OG produced reduction in H2O2, MDA and IL-1β levels; reduced serum activities of ALT, AST and ALP; restoration of GSH levels and improved activities of GPX and GST. The fractions significantly preserved the hepatic and intestinal architecture.Our results indicate that the fractions of OG exhibited considerable hepatic and intestinal protection by reduction in levels of oxidants and pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhancement of antioxidant enzyme activities and preservation of tissue integrity and might thus be very useful agents in protecting the liver and intestines during concurrent exposure to Cobalt chloride.