Browsing by Author "Akintayo, C. O."

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Alteration in hormonal level and testicular histomorphology in rats treated with alcohol (ALC) and cannabinol (CBN)
(Centre for Enchancing Knowledge, 2019) Akintayo, C. O.; Ajayi, T. O.; Akinsomisoye, S. O.; Faeji, C. O.; Adewumi, A. F.; Akele, Y. R.
This study explores the effects of chronic alcohol and cannabinol exposure on the testosterone levels and the histomorphological integrity/cytoarchitecture of the rats’ testes. Adults male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (distilled water), methanol (2mg/kg bw), alcohol (3g/kg bw), cannabinol (10mg/kg bw) and alcohol (3g/kg bw) plus cannabinol (10mg/kg bw) groups respectively. Alcohol and cannabinol were administered orally twice daily for 52 days (spermatogenic cycle in rats) and at the end of treatment, male reproductive organ (testis) was removed and cleared of adherent tissue and then fixed for histological examination. Blood samples were collected via retro-orbital sinus for hormone (testosterone) assay. Serum testosterone levels were measured using the enzyme immunoassay (E.I.A.) technique. Hormonal assay showed significant reductions in the levels of testosterone (T) (p < 0.05) in the alcohol alone, cannabinol alone and in the alcohol plus cannabinol treated groups. The Histological analysis of the treated groups showed severe reduction of the spermatogenic cells. The present study showed that following chronic alcohol and/or cannabinol administration the results showed significant reduction (p<0.05) in testosterone levels and a detrimental effect on the histomorphology of the testes. Alcohol and/or cannabinol therefore exhibit inhibitory effects causing inhibition of testosterone as observed in this study.
Ameliorative Effect of Javiscum® and Ficus Exasperata on Nw – Nitro- L-Arginine Methyl Ester (L-Name)-Induced Dyslipidemia in Wistar Rats
(Society for Experimental Biology of Nigeria, 2022) Ajayi, T. O.; Alaka, H. O.; Akintayo, C. O.; Kayode, A. B.; Ojo, O. A.
The term "cardiovascular diseases" (CVDs) refers to a variety of heart and blood vessel conditions. It is the main factor in close to 30% of all fatalities worldwide and the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. CVDs have emerged as an important health problem all over the world but the dependence on conventional drugs for management has been plagued with toxicity and inconsistency as side effects while alternative intervention is gradually gaining acceptance. Hence the present work sought to compare and evaluate the effects of methanol extract of Javiscum®(JV), a polyherbal formulation and a single herbal formulation Ficus exasperata (FE) on serum lipids, and liver enzymes of Nw –nitro- L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) treated rats. Adult male Wistar rats were grouped into 9 (n=6). Control group I was administered distilled water. Group II, with L-NAME (40 mg/kg body weight), group III, L-NAME and amlodipine 5 mg/kg per body weight while groups IV, V, VI were administered L-NAME (40 mg/kg) and treated with 400, 200, 100 mg/kg of JV. Groups VII, VIII and IX were administered L-NAME (40 mg/kg) and treated with 400, 200, and 100 mg/kg of FE extract respectively. Animals were weighed, and blood samples, collected after 28 days after models from previous researchers. The lipid profile, serum nitric oxide and liver enzyme levels, were evaluated by standard methods. L-NAME was observed to reduce body weights, nitric oxide concentration and High-density lipoprotein (HDLc), but increased liver enzymes Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), Aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol and triglycerides. JV at 400 mg/kg elicited the highest reversal of L-NAME effects on nitric oxide level. JV and FE at 200 mg/kg were able to significantly (p˂ 0.05) reduce the concentration of AST when compared to L-NAME treated group. 2 F. exasperata and Javiscum®, reversed the negative effects of L-NAME, thereby validating the use of these herbals in CVD management. The activities of JV and FE revealed that a polyherbal formulation may not necessarily confer a more significant activity as generally believed. Isolation and characterisation of the constituents responsible for activities may be templates for newer CVD drug discovery.
Assessment of the antisickling activities of extracts and isolated compounds from dried leaves of rhaphiostylis beninensis [planch. Ex benth]
(Juniper Publishers, 2021) Ajayi, T. O.; Akintayo, C. O.; Olaniran, D. M.; Iyobhebhe, M.; Ojo, O. A.; Owolabi, O. V.
Introduction: Sickle cell disease is one of the most severe monogenic disorders of the blood in the world, with the haemoglobin undergoing polymerization in absence of oxygen, resulting in erythrocyte rigidity and vaso-occlusion, which is central to the pathophysiology of this disease. Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) has been known for its folkloric use as it possesses some of the imperative medicinal activities including anti-inflammatory, analgesic, aphrodisiac and antimicrobial activities. This assessment is aimed at determining the antisickling activity of dried leaves of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) Materials and Methods: This was based on the principle of haemoglobin gelation on deprivation of oxygen with sodium metabisulphite induced sickling action resulting in haemolysate formation which is then mixed with the various concentrations of the crude extract, and isolated compounds of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) and then analyzed with ultraviolet spectrophotometer to determine the change in absorbance (optical density) against time. Results and Discussion: The rate of polymerization, relative percentage polymerization and relative percentage inhibition suggests that the antisickling activity of Rhaphiostylis beninensis [Planch. ex Benth] (Icacinaceae) may be concentration-dependent and thus warrants for further and elaborate investigation to prove vividly if in-fact the crude extracts, fractions or isolated compounds from the plant possess significant antisickling property. Conclusion: Considerable level of antisickling activity is required to certify the use in the management of sickle cell disease, where positive results may lead to revolutionary development of new lead candidate for the management or treatment of sickle cell disease.
Effects of quercetin on oral administration of cannabinol and alcohol on reproductive functions in male Wistar rats
(Centre for Enchancing Knowledge, 2019) Akintayo, C. O.; Ajayi, T. O.; Akinsomisoye, S. O.; Karga, S. V.; Ayodele, M. J.; Obuekwe, C. A.
The male reproductive system ensures the continuity of species; however, several toxicants have demonstrated hampering effects on the structures of male reproductive system, thereby leading to reduced physiological functions. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of quercetin in experimental rats treated with alcohol and/or cannabinol. Forty-five male rats were grouped into the following: Group 1 rats were given distilled water. Group 2 rats were administered with methanol. Group 3 rats were administered with alcohol (3g/kg bw as 25%v/v). Group 4 rats were administered with cannabinol (10mg/kg bw). Group 5 rats were administered with cannabinol (10mg/kg bw) and alcohol (3g/kg bw as 25%v/v). Group 6 rats were administered with quercetin (30mg/kg bw). Group 7 rats were administered with alcohol (3g/kg bw as 25%v/v) and quercetin (30mg/kg bw). Group 8 rats were administered with cannabinol (10mg/kg bw) and quercetin (30mg/kg bw). Group 9 rats were administered with cannabinol (10mg/kg bw) plus alcohol (3g/kg bw as 25%v/v) plus quercetin (30mg/kg bw). At the end of the experiment, animals were sacrificed and their reproductive organs were harvested and weighed immediately. Results showed that rats treated with alcohol and/or cannabinol had significant decrease (p<0.05) in sperm indices, lipid peroxidation, gonadotrophic hormones and male sex hormone (testosterone); however, with quercetin co-treatment with alcohol and/or cannabinol administration the results obtained in the reproductive parameters showed ameliorative potential of quercetin in the present study.
Toxicological evaluation of Moringa oleifera Lam seeds and leaves in Wistar rats
(Phcog. Net, 2016) Ajayi, T. O.; Moody, J. O.; Akintayo, C. O.
Miracle tree (Moringa oleifera) as it is popularly called, has been found useful both medicinally and economically. Its consumption both in the raw and as processed preparations has increased a great deal thus making the fast growing plant a highly valued and cultivated one in the tropics and sub-tropics. There is however, little reference to its toxicity profile and evaluation. Hence, this study evaluated the toxicity profiles of the leaves and seeds of M. oleifera and the corresponding effects on vital organs of Wistar rats using the biochemical, heamatological and histopathological indices. Daily doses of 100, 200, 400 and 1000 mg/kg body weight of crude methanol extracts of M. oleifera leaves and seeds were administered orally to 8 groups of 5 rats per group each for 28 days. A control group of 5 rats was also included in the experiment. Heamatological, biochemical and histopathological indices were evaluated by standard methods. Data were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and statistically significant difference was considered at p <0.05, p<0.01 and p<0.001. Histopatho- logical changes were observed in the heart, liver, lungs, spleen and kidneys of rats treated with the extracts at all doses tested. Some other physical changes like agitation, confusion and disorientation were observed at the highest dose tested (1000 mg/kg) of the seed extract. A significant increase (p<0.05) in neutrophil, white blood cell (WBC) and platelet were observed. However, a significant decrease in aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase, (ALP) was also observed. The results suggest that the leaf and seed extracts of M. oleifera could boost immunity and offer hepatoprotective effects.