Browsing by Author "Akintayo, F. O."

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A simple trafic flow simulator for two-lane highways
(University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2012) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbede, O.
The highway network is an common feature on highways in many cities of the world. Including Ibadan, Nigeria. Previous studies have shown that several mathematical traffic flow models developed to analyse congestion cannot be easily generalized or adapted to varying situation. A simple traffic flow simulator was developed in the paper to stimulate flow for different congestion seanarios by varying the minimum and maximum headways if vehicles. Comparison of simulated and field values for a heavily trafficked highway in Ibadan metropolis produced an error of 35 % at high vehicular interaction
Ameliorating urban traffic congestion for sustainable transportation
(IOP Publishing, 2020) Busari, A. A.; Loto, R. T.; Ajayi, S. O.; Odunlami, O.; Akintayo, F. O.; Oyesomi, K.; Olawuyi, O.
Population, ownership of vehicles and economic growth are increasing at a geometric rate. Invariably, this will lead to an increase in traffic volume and the demand for limited road infrastructures. These has generated a lot of constraint on the few available road infrastructures in most developed and developing nations of the world. One of the consequences of this, is traffic congestion. This arises when the road system approaches vehicle capacity. Although governments and policy makers may never be able to eliminate road congestion, there are several ways cities and states can move to curb it. Hence, this review of literature assessed the myriad effect of traffic congestion, with focus on the economic and environmental impact. Additionally, long- and short-term measures to reduce the menace in 2030 were evaluated. This was done by assessing the relevant literature on the topic. The outcome of the review revealed that increase in income and living standard favours the ownership of automobiles thereby increasing traffic congestion. Households that reside in areas with compact, mixed land use own fewer vehicles, make fewer vehicle trips, therefore mixed land use should be encouraged in urban development. Additionally, level of Service (LOS) is another factor that affects traffic congestion and traffic crashes. The outcome of this review will aid the government and policy makers on the appropriate tool to adopt and the draw backs in a bid to reduce this menace now and in the foreseeable future
Analysis and Design of Intersection for Improved Traffic flow at Awolowo Junction, Bodija Ibadan, Nigeria
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019-12) Adigun, T.; Okunlola, O.; Akintayo, F. O.
Traffic Congestion is inevitable for residents of economically dynamic cites therefore city authorities have to devise means of managing congestion to ease commuters of constrains imposed upon them by traffic congestion. The need for improvement of traffic flow at Awolowo Junction Bodija Ibadan is germane due to traffic congestion at this intersection. The aim of this study is to improve traffic flow at Awolowo Junction Bodija Ibadan. Traffic survey was carried out at the intersection, the peak hour factor and the design hourly volume were determined then the saturation flow rate and the cycle length (using the concept of volume-to-capacity ratio) were determined following the steps outlined in the Highway Capacity Manual, thereafter the yellow interval and the green times were computed. The peak hour was between 4:00 pm - 5:00 pm with a flow of 2989 vehicles per hour and a factor of 0.94 with design hourly volume of 539, 1464 and 1177 vehicles per hour for North, West and East approach respectively. The data collected was checked against the traffic signal warrants of the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Device and yielded positive result with warrant 3. The saturation flow rate was computed to be 2618, 4320 and 3913 vehicles per hour for the North, West and East approach respectively with a flow ratio of 0.21, 0.34 and 0.3 for North, West and East Approach respectively. A pre-timed traffic control signal was designed to improve traffic flow at Awolowo Intersection of UI/secretariat Road.
Assessment of sidewalk system in the University of Ibadan
(University of Ibadan, 2023) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbaohwo, M. O.
Good pedestrian facilities support the ease, comfort and safety of pedestrians. A good pedestrian sidewalk requires a good surface condition with appropriate footpath width and surface quality. This study assessed pavement condition of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. PCI evaluates the surface condition of sidewalks based on distresses observed. The PCI ratings vary from 0 to 100, representing the worst and best surface conditions, respectively. Based on the regular use of sidewalks for access, eighteen major roads were selected within the University of Ibadan. A distress assessment survey was conducted on the roads to collect data on defective sidewalk pavements and their distress conditions. The sidewalks were mainly of two types: plain concrete and concrete slab. Average sidewalk width for fourteen of the roads was less than 1.5 m stipulated in highway design manuals. Sixty percent of the sidewalks were in good condition with PCI values greater than 70. The recurring defects on the plain concrete sidewalk included linear, edge and map cracking. Depression of slab units was the most severe defect on the concrete slap sidewalk. The PCI analysis was used to assess the surface conditions of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan. The results can be used to design maintenance activities to keep the sidewalk system in optimal operational function. Having and updating inventory of the sidewalk system will promote regular routine maintenance and encourage safe use of the system
Assessment of sidewalk system in the University of Ibadan
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2023) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbaohwo, M. O.
Good pedestrian facilities support the ease, comfort and safety of pedestrians. A good pedestrian sidewalk requires a good surface condition with appropriate footpath width and surface quality. This study assessed pavement condition of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan using the Pavement Condition Index (PCI) method. PCI evaluates the surface condition of sidewalks based on distresses observed. The PCI ratings vary from 0 to 100, representing the worst and best surface conditions, respectively. Based on the regular use of sidewalks for access, eighteen major roads were selected within the University of Ibadan. A distress assessment survey was conducted on the roads to collect data on defective sidewalk pavements and their distress conditions. The sidewalks were mainly of two types: plain concrete and concrete slab. Average sidewalk width for fourteen of the roads was less than 1.5 m stipulated in highway design manuals. Sixty percent of the sidewalks were in good condition with PCI values greater than 70. The recurring defects on the plain concrete sidewalk included linear, edge and map cracking. Depression of slab units was the most severe defect on the concrete slap sidewalk. The PCI analysis was used to assess the surface conditions of sidewalks in the University of Ibadan. The results can be used to design maintenance activities to keep the sidewalk system in optimal operational function. Having and updating inventory of the sidewalk system will promote regular routine maintenance and encourage safe use of the system
Assessment of the impacts of building construction activities on the environment
(Department of civil engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo-state, Nigeria ,department of chemistry, University of Zululand, zululand, kwazulu-Natal, South- Africa. Department of earth sciences, Olabisi Onabaanjo University, Ago-Iwoye, Ogun State, Nigeria. department of applied chemistry, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa. department of civil engineering, Osun State University, Osogbo, Osun state, Nigeria., 2024-04) Akintayo, F. O.; Oyebade, O. N.; Songca, S. P.; Adebisi, N. O.; Oluwafemi, O.S.; Fadipe, O. O.
Activities in building construction industry contribute to air pollution. In this study, gas data from four locations at each three building construction sites in Doha, Qatar were collected and analyzed. Questionnaires were also administered to companies that are involved in building construction projects. The results showed traces of SO2, CO2, CO and NO2 but in amounts below the detrimental limit stipulated by the Ministry of Environment, Qatar. Questionnaire responses revealed that the extraction of raw materials and the energy consumed during construction occur quite often, but strongly implicated dust generated from construction sites and waste disposal, as major factors causing air pollution in the area. It is therefore, recommended that regular monitoring of air should be carried out within building construction sites to aid detection of air contamination. This will serve as a control measure to stimulate catalytic conversion of exhaust, reuse and recycling of waste materials.
Assessment of Vehicular Emission in Major Roadways within Ibadan Metropolis
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2024-06) Akintayo, F. O.; Ikporukpo, D. J.
The aggravation of road traffic as a result of rapid urbanisation and ineffective air quality management systems in urban centres pose a threat to public health. Air pollutants have significant adverse effect on the ecosystem. The study investigated the magnitude of air pollutants and relationship with vehicle emissions in three selected roads noted for their characteristic high traffic volume in Ibadan Metropolis. The concentration of carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NOX) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the three selected locations (Beere market road, Mokola interchange, and Oyo road near the University of Ibadan Main Gate) were monitored using a Smart Sensor AS8900 model multi-gas detector and an IOT-based device setup known as the Raspberry pi 3+ B model with gas sensor add-on. The daily monitoring of emission was conducted for 24 days and results analysed using statistical methods. The average recorded pollutant emissions were below the standards set by the WHO. Pollutant emissions 21.81 ± 25.24ppm for carbon monoxide, 411.92 ± 145.11ppm for carbon dioxide, 0.04 ± 0.02ppm for nitrogen oxides and 0.004 ± 0.001ppm for sulphur dioxide. The concentration values of the pollutants varied with the traffic volume. Overall, the analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship between traffic volume and presence of pollutants in the study area. However, the regular agencies ought to further monitor traffic and other related pollutant emissions to ensure environmental safety
Capacity Analysis of Two-lane Highways Operating under Non-ideal Conditions
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, 2015) Akintayo, F. O.; Agbede, O. A.
The highway system is an important component of the transportation system in many countries of the world. Studies have shown that many factors contribute to capacity reduction of highways. Traffic steam characteristics of three highways in Ibadan metropolis were captured in 2011. Models were developed to quantify the prevailing conditions of the roads. The capacity analysis of the roads was carried out based on the methodologies described in the United States Highway Capacity Manual (HCM 2000).The traffic stream was heterogeneous in nature. The analysis showed that the highways were operating under non-ideal conditions which resulted in capacity reduction and performance level. The resulting models are useful in evaluating capacity performance of two-lane highways for Improved optimization of the system
Design of a pre-timed traffic signal at the University of Ibadan main gate intersection
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015-12) Akintayo, F. O.; Oluwatobi, O. L .
The Traffic control at the University of Ibadan Main Gate intersection is presently controlled by traffic wardens. A pre-timed traffic control signal designed to upgrade the present control measure at the intersection is presented in this paper. Traffic survey was conducted in October 2014 to determine design parameters such as vehicular and Pedestrian volumes at peak hours, and the design was carried out following standard procedures outlined in the Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices (MUTCD) and Highway Capacity Manual. The result showed that Peak hour was between 7:00 and 8:00 a.m. with corresponding vehicle volume of 1604 and 550 for the North and South approaches of the intersection respectively. Approximately 24 pedestrians per second cross the intersection during the afternoon peak period. The total cycle length, actual green times for phases 1 and 2 were evaluated as 110, 68 and 34 seconds respectively. The minimum green time required by pedestrians to cross the North Approach was 33 seconds. The designed pre-timed signal is expected to improve the flow of vehicles and pedestrians at the intersection
Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Osasona,D.T.
Rigid pavements are often preferred to flexible types due to their higher durability and ease of maintenance also to reduce early road failure and increase its longevity. This study redesigned a deteriorated segment of Oke-Omi flexible road pavement as a rigid pavement. The pavement thickness was derived using the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) design method. A program using a spreadsheet was developed to facilitate the design process. The sieve analysis result showed that the soil was poorly graded. The soil has a low plasticity index of 28.1% (liquid limit 46.2%, plastic limit 18.1%); the Maximum Dry Density and Optimum Moisture Content were 1999 g/cm3 and 10.8% respectively. The California Bearing Ratio of the soil was 48.43% which shows that the subgrade strength was adequate. The computed Estimated Single Axle Load (ESAL) for both the base year and the projected year are 6.74x106 and 100x106 single axle respectively. The design process yielded the pavement thickness of 240 mm and 380 mm for the base year (2017) and projected year (2037) respectively. A rigid pavement of adequate thickness was designed for the deteriorated segment of the Oke-Omi Road
Design of Rigid Pavement for Oke- Omi Road, Ibadan, Nigeria
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022-09) Akintayo, F. O.; Agboluaje, F.M.
The Paper determined the capacity and level of operational performance of Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout traffic intersections in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria. These Roundabouts were gridlock intersections, where roundabout was introduced to control traffic flow and reduce congestion. As traffic volume increases in Ibadan metropolis, the unsignalized road intersections having roundabouts as control measures also exhibit traffic congestion especially at peak periods. This study analyzed the traffic operation and evaluated the capacity for the two selected roundabouts. Geometric data of the roundabouts (entry width, circulatory road width, number of entry and circulatory lanes, and island diameter), traffic movement data with vehicle characteristics and traffic volume data in form of video recordings were collected for the two selected roundabouts at morning and evening peak periods. Empirical analysis technique was adopted to evaluate the capacity for each roundabout. Evaluated results showed that the degree of saturation (DOS) i.e. volume to capacity ratio of 0.78 and 2.49 at morning peak period had equivalent level of service (LOS) of ‘C’ and ‘F’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. Also, at evening peak period the degree of saturation of 0.84 and 0.75 gave a corresponding level of service of ‘D’ and ‘C’ for Ojoo Roundabout and New Garage Roundabout, respectively. This study showed that the traffic carrying capacity at peak periods for Ojoo roundabout is operating at an acceptable condition both in the morning and evening peak periods. New Garage Roundabout is operating at near capacity at evening peak period, but operating above capacity at morning peak period, which shows that the present conditions are not adequate for controlling traffic operation.
Evaluation of energy generation potentil of municipal solid waste in Ibadan
(Faculty of Technology University of Ibadan, 2015-07) Akintayo, F. O.; Anjbaloye, J.; Adebisin, V.
Waste of energy (WTE) is a renewable and environmentally sound process that has been proven to provide reliable electricity generation in developed and developing nations. This study was carried out to evaluate the WTE potential of municipal solid waste (MSW) in Ibadan metropolis, Characterization, and proximate analysis of representative MSW samples collected in year 2014 at two dumpsites (Ajakanga and Aba Eku) were carried out in accordance with standard procedures. Food wastes constituted 39%, the highest component of the MSW The net calorific value was evaluated to be 22.5 MJ/kg. The energy potential per annum was evaluated as 2d GW for approximate total waste of 447 thousand tones generated and disposed in Ibadan in year 2012. The energy potential in MSW could be harnessed to address the energy shortfall in the city
Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda
(Department of Civil Engineering,University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.; Okunlola, O.
Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analyzed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science courses
Gender in Civil Engineering Education: A Case Study of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria and Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri,Rwanda.
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2022) Akintayo, F. O.; Nyirajana, J.
Engineering and technology are basic in any country’s development. Addressing the gender gap in civil engineering education will help to narrow the gender pay gap, enhance women’s economic security and ensure a diverse and talented STEM workforce. This paper focuses on gender disparity in civil engineering education at Institut d’Enseignement Superieur de Ruhengeri (INES), Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan (UI), Nigeria. Data were sourced from the graduating records of the Departments of Civil Engineering, INES Ruhengeri, Rwanda, and the University of Ibadan, Nigeria, covering a period of 5 years (2016 - 2021). Data were analysed using excel tools. The Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, recorded a slight increase in the number of female graduating students from 5 in the 2015/16 session to 6 in the 2020/21 session, representing a 20% increment and a slight reduction in the number of male graduating students in the department from 37 in the 2016/17 session to 28 in the 2020/21 session representing a 32% reduction. At INES, Ruhengeri, the number of male graduating students in the Department of Civil Engineering increased from 46 in the 2016/17 session to 145 in 2020/21, showing a 215% increment, and the number of female students increased from 18 in 2016/17 to 23 in 2020/21 showing an increment of 28%. The overall percentage of females in civil engineering education is below 20% compared to over 80% of males in the two institutions. Although the number of male graduating students decreases as the year progresses, the increase in female graduating students is not significant. Hence the gender gap seems to remain with year progression. The study proposes an improvement in motivating female students by providing scholarships, including pedagogical motivation in science courses
Geotechnical properties of natural composite rock in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Akamai University, 2012) Adebisi, N. O; Akintayo, F. O.
The physical property of a rock is a pointer to its suitability for civil engineering works. In this study the suitability of composite rock as construction materials is established. Thirty-four fresh block samples of quartz-schist masses were obtained from three locations in Ibadan, Nigeria. Thin sections were prepared from two representative samples, while others were subjected to standard geotechnical laboratory testing. Regression plots were made to assess the degree of association between pairs of dependent physical parameters of the rock. The results show in thin section that individual quartz crystals of the samples have complexly sutured outlines and mutual interlocking. Modal analysis reveals quartz as the dominant mineral with subordinate amounts of muscovite. The density (y) is the least variable parameter and ranges between 2600 and 2660 kg/m3. Water absorption ranges between 0.64 and 3.39 %, indicating good rock materials for construction. Regression analysis shows that approximately 20% of the variation in density and 2% of the void ratio were associated with porosity and water absorption capacity of the rock respectively. These are due to different proportions of quartz and muscovite with voids in the quartz-schist.
Heuristic approach to course scheduling in a resource-constrained environment
(University of Nairobi, 2009-06) Akintayo, F. O.; Oluleye, A. E.
This paper describes a simple heuristic for course scheduling in a resource-constrained environment.
Life-Cycle assessment of municipal Solid waste in selected landfills in Ibadan
(Department of Civil Engineering University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2015-01) Akintayo, F. O.; Folorunso, C. S.
Increased municipal solid waste generation due to rapid urbanization of Africa cities is contributing to global warming. Life-cycle assessment of municipal solid waste was carried out in two selected landfills in Ibadan, Nigeria. The environmental impact index of Global Warming Potential (GWPIOO) for two waste management scenarios: landfill and incineration were evaluated using GaBi6 package. Biodegradable components of the MS W constitute approximately 47%. The GWP for landfilling and incineration are 24.33 and 15.20 kg (C02-equivalent) respectively. In order to reduce global warming impact, incineration waste management technique is preferred to landfilling in the area of study. The methane gas emitted from landfilling could be tapped as alternative energy source for small and medium enterprises in the locality.
Methane generation potential of municipal solid waste in Ibadan
(University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 2014-01) Akintayo, F. O.; Olonisakin, O. A.
Energy potential from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) of two landfills serving four local government areas in Ibadan metropolis was estimated in this study. The characterization of the MSW showed that approximately 74% is made up of organic materials with food wastes constituting the highest portion (35%). The energy content of the waste is evaluated as 13,022KJ/kg. The methane potential of the MSW between 2012 and2020 is estimated to be 27,517 tonnes using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) methodology. The gas when collected can be used as alternative energy source for small and medium enterprises in the locality.
Pedo-geotechnical evaluation of subgrade soils along failed Ago-Iwoye/Ilisan road, part of southwestern Nigeria
(Taylor& Francis ltd, 2024-03) Adebisi, N. O.; Ariyo, S. O; Denis, K.; Olufemi, S. T.; Akintayo, F. O.; Oyebolu, O. O.; Frank, A. I
This study utilized the principles of soil mechanics and the physiograph concept to establish pedo-geotechnical patterns of natural soils for the design of pavement structure. A total of 60 disturbed and undisturbed subgrades were sampled from 10 locations at the SB segment, 10 locations through the TZ and 10 locations at the BC end. A series of specific gravity, grain-size distribution, consistency limits, compaction characteristics (unsoaked and soaked CBR) and shear strength parameters were performed. Field observation and test results revealed that the studied area consists of extensive sand, interposed with clayey sand bodies along the SB segment. Also, particles of various sizes at the TZ and heterogeneous sandy clay in the BC segment were noted. Soils from the TZ under soaked conditions have the highest CBR (80.0–88.1%), MDD (19.0–19.1 kN/m3) and the lowest OMC (10.2–10.5%) values. They also have the highest cohesive strength (72.0–80.0 kN/m2) and angle of internal friction (14°−16°). Comparison among properties revealed that soils from the SB area especially, the TZ have much higher subgrade ratings compared to the soils from the BC terrain. The result revealed that the physiography factors affect the performance of the entire pavement structure.
Prediction of Road Traffic Accidents Outcomes on Selected Routes in Ibadan Environs Using Time-Series Models
(Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2024-06) Akintayo, F. O.; Ajaelu, C. S.; Komolafe, O.
Road traffic accidents has emerged as a major public concern due to the associated burdens of injuries, loss of lives and properties. The objective of this paper is to use time-series technique applying autoregressive integrated moving average and seasonal autoregressive integrated moving over models to predict accidents outcomes within and around Ibadan metropolis for appropriate mitigation measures. Data on daily recorded cases of road traffic accidents on several specified routes between 2019 and 2021 were collected from the Federal Road Safety Corps, Ibadan Zonal Office. The RTAs outcomes were grouped into three: injuries, fatalities and vehicle occupants. The training set consisted of data from December 2019 to June 2021, whereas the testing set was composed of data from July 2021 to December 2021. During the study, 427 fatalities and 2,245 injuries were caused by traffic accidents involving a total of 5,577 vehicle occupants. By the end of 2025, the study projected a 172% rise in the death rate and a 38% increase in the number of vehicle occupants involved in RTAs in the study area, and approximately 32% of those occupants suffering injuries. There was no discernible seasonal pattern in the trends of injury and fatality rates. There is an immediate need for a road traffic accident prevention and evaluation program in the study region given the projected number of injuries and fatalities