Browsing by Author "Ala, A.A."

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3

Assessing efficacies of insect pest management methods for stored bagged maize preservation in storehouses located in Nigerian markes
(Department of Zoology, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2019) Nwaubani, A.; Otitodun, G.O.; Ajao, S.K.; George P.O.; Ala, A.A.; Omobowale, M.O.; Ogwumike, J.C.; Grace I.E.; Ogundare, M.O.; Braimah, J.A.; Busari S.G.; Akhere E.O.; Kolayemi, O.R.; McNeill, S.G.; Ilelejif, K.E.
Stored product insect pests cause significant losses in maize in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Control of these pests with conventional insecticides is fraught with health and environmental risks. Globally, several reduced-risk methods have been deployed as alternatives to conventional insecticides. In this study, conducted ir February—December 2016, efficacies of five treatments to control insects in bagged maize stored in Nigerian market storehouses were evaluated. Treatments included a botanical (Piper guineense), Bularafa diatomaceous earth (DE), permethrin powder (Rambo™), PICS (hermetic) bags and ZeroFly® bags. The study also had a negative control comprising untreated maize in polypropylene bags. Study locations were in three grain markets, namely Eleekara market in Oyo town and Arisekola market in Ladan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria, and Ago market in Ilorin, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. Except in the case of PICS bags, each storehouse had six 100-kg bags for each storage method or trea.ment; these bags were sampled monthly. For PICS, each storehouse had 18 bags (~80 kg each) and six were destructively sampled every 4 months. Psocids (total 3,614) and S. zeamais (total 1,255) were the most abundant types of insects found during the study. However, among all treatments, PICS bags were the most effective at mitigating population growth of all species of stored product insects encountered, and the number of psocids and S. zeamais found in PICS bags during the entire study were 0 and 8, respectively. The order of effectiveness of the treatments were PICS > Permethrin > ZeroFly > DE > Botanical > control. Data showed PICS, Permethrin, ZeroFly, and DE when used according to manufacturer's instructions or label are effective and can be incorporated in integrated pest management of stored-product insects in maize storehouses. More research is required to explore how P. guineense can be made more efficaciou
ASSESSING EFFICACIES OF INSECT PEST MANAGEMENT METHODS TO PRESERVE NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF BAGGED MAIZE IN STOREHOUSES LOCATED IN MARKETS IN NIGERIA
(Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, 2021) Omobowale, M.O.; Otitodun, G.O.; Ala, A.A.; Ajao, S.K.; Ogundare, M.O.; Olenloa, A.E.; Busari, G.S.; Abel, G.I.; Braimah, J.A.; Kolayemi, O.R.; Ogwumike, J.C.; Opit, G.P.; Ileleji, K.E.; McNeill6, S.G.
Maize needs to be stored using effective and safe postharvest management measures to prevent physical insect damage as well as ensure stability of nutritional quality during storage. In this study, conducted in February-December 2016, insect pest management methods for bagged maize preservation in storehouses located in markets in Nigeria were evaluated for their ability to preserve nutritional quality. Study locations were :n three grain markets, namely Eleekara market in Oyo town and Arisekola market i ' Ibadan, Oyo State, South West Nigeria, and Ago market in Ilorin, Kwara State, North Central Nigeria. Treatments comprised Piper guineense (Botanical), Bularf diatomaceous earth (DE), permethrin powder (Rambo™) (Permethrin), PICS bags (hermetic) and ZeroFly® bags (non-hermetic). The study also had negative control (Control) comprising untreated maize in polypropylene bags. In geeras a result of insect infestation, protein content increased in all treatments except KCS which had the least infestation. After 11 months of storage, Permethrin and PICS treatments had the lowest insect infestation levels and the highest energy levels. Energy level in the Botanical treatment was also high and similar to levels in Permethrin and PICS treatments most likely due to fats and essential oils in P. guineense being adsorbed and/or absorbed by kernels. Fat content was lower in the Control and DE treatments likely due to the Control having the highest insect infestation and the DE adsorbing and/or absorbing fat from kernels. During stor g„ carbohydrate content decreased in all treatments except the Control. However, even in the Control, there was a clear trend of decrease in carbohydrate content. Because the Control had the highest insect (Sitophilus zeamais) infestation and insect damaged kernels (IDK), this trend in decrease in carbohydrate content may be insect related. Ash content increased in the ZeroFly treatment, was unchanged in Botanical, Control, and PICS treatments, and decreased in DE and Permethrin treatments. Nutritional quality variables in this study were within or close to known value ranges for maize. Therefore, use of maize that had been fumigated well and had a relatively low initial grain MC (9.1%), in addition to the effects of the treatments most likely slowed down population growth of the several insect r pe^es that were found and contributed to preserving nutritional quality. The relatively low insect populations in all treatments, including the Control, during the February-September period probably reduced the clarity of effects of infestation on nutriti nal composition reported in this study.
TECHNICAL APPRAISAL OF SOME MAIZE SHELLERS IN OYO AND KWARA STATES OF NIGERIA
(Department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria, 2021) Omobowale, M.O.; Ogwumike, J.C.; Olenloa, A.E.; Kolayemi, O.R; Ala, A.A.; Omodara, O.M.; Otitodun, G. O.; Nwaubani, S.I.; Ileleji, K.E.; McNe, S.G.; Opit, G.P.
This study assessed the performance of some maize shellers in use in grain markets in Oyo and Kwara States, Nigeria. A preliminary survey conducted identified shellers in use as basic maize sheller (BMS) without blower, maize sheller with blower attachment (MSB) and the multi-purpo'* s. ller (MPS). The shelling/cleaning performance of the shellers were assessed using yellow maize (SWAN ' variety) and some key equipment parameters, which impact performance were measured. The air velocity for MSB and MPS ranged bet een 0.4 and 2.4 m/s which was not sufficient for efficient cleaning of chaff from shelled grains. Shaft speed for BMS, MSB and MPS were 845, 920 and 820 rpm, respectively. Average throughput for BMS, MSB and MPS was ',7'4, 600 and 840 kg/hr, respectively with mean shelling efficiencies of 92.9, 82.7 and 97.9%, respectively. Mea. ^leaning efficiencies were 54.0 and 57.7% for MSB and MPS, respectively. The percentage grain loss for BMS, MSB and MPS were '7, 7.' and '.9%, respectively. It was observed that many fabricators do not consult agricultural engineers when producing machines, relying more on previous experience. Additionally, there was a lack of consideration for operator safety with the exposure of moving parts of the equipment in all the designs evaluated. A key recommendation from this study is that sheller designs should be standardized to ensure the provision of quality and highly efficient machinery for processors.