Browsing by Author "Alabi, O."

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Differentials and correlates of infants mortality in Nigeria: A comparative survival Analysis between North East and South West Nigeria
(Sciencedomain International, 2014) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Alabi, O.
Aims: Infant mortality rate (IMR) is not only used as a demographic measure, but also as an important health indicator of a society as well as a measure of its living standard worldwide. The Nigeria Demographic and Household Survey (NDHS) declared a wide difference in the IMR among geographical zones in Nigeria with widest gap between the North East (NE) and South West (SW). This study assessed the differences in IMR viz-a- viz socio-demographic, sexual and reproductive factors and also determined factors affecting the IMR in the two zones. Place of Study: Rural and Urbanlocations across the NE and SW Nigeria Study Design: We used a nationally representative cross sectional data from the NDHS 2008 survey.Our analysis was based on the 23,995 and 11,546 births during five years preceding data collection from women aged 15-49 years in NE and SW Nigeria respectively. Methods: We censored the children who have not had their first birthday as of the day of interview and estimated the IMR with Life tables using West Models. Other analysis were carried out with descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate cox regression models at 5% significance level. Results: About 3 of every four NE children are from rural areas compared with 47.4% in SW, while nearly 78% of NE children are from mothers without formal education the rate was 20.9% in the SW. The IMR among children from teenager mothers was 121 and 82 per 1000 live births in NE and SW respectively, 87 for urban NE, 52 for urban SW, 115 for rural NE, and 66 for rural SW. In the NE, children from rural areas were about 30% times more likely than children from urban areas to die before their first birthday (HR=1.3 95% CI:1.1-1.6)while in the SW they were 40% times more likely to die (HR=1.6 95% CI:1.1- 2.4). Children from wealthiest homes in the NE had lower IMR than children from wealthiest homes in the SW (37 vs 55) but wealth quintiles were not significant to IMR in the SW. Conclusion: The prevailing trend of early marriage, non-education, delayed initiation of breastfeeding, unsafe drinking water, unemployment and poverty among others should be averted so as to improve child survival in the Nigeria especially in the North East.
Modification of Darcy's law for turbulent flow in saturated porous media
(Medwell, 2007) Popoola, O. I.; Adegoke, J. A; Alabi, O.
"Darcy's law is an essential equation in determining the permeability of porous media which is vital tool in seepage and drainage control in soils. However, whenever the aggregate sizes of the porous media and hydraulic gradient are large, the flow in drains will be semi-turbulent to turbulent. This research aims at modifying the true Darcy's permeability determined under small hydraulic gradients that ensure laminar or nearly laminar flow to allow for reduced efficiency caused by turbulence at greater hydraulic gradient and provide a relation between the maximum gradient for laminar flow and porosity of the porous media. A modeled experiment was set up using sand samples of different porosities from riverbed as porous media, which were packed in a vertical transparent cylinder tube of diameter 1.85x102m and relative permeabilities were determined for gradient ranging from 1.15-15.00. The result of the experiment shows that relative permeability increases with increasing porosity but decreases with increasing gradient. The maximum (or limiting) hydraulic gradient for laminar flow decreases with increasing porosity. Also, the vertical fluid flow in any porous medium is laminar or nearly laminar as much as hydraulic gradient is less than or equal to 1.04. "
Schistosome specific antibodies in individuals co-infected with malaria in Southwest Nigeria
(Nigerian Society of Parasitology, 2012-09) Anumudu, C. I.; Alabi, O.; Oniya, M. O.
A cross-sectional study design in two primary schools in Ibadan and Akure was used to determine the prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis, and the human humoral immune response to schistosome antigens in individuals with malaria co-infection. Urine samples were collected from 163 children, while 112 gave blood samples. Malaria parasitaemia was determined by microscopy after Giernsa staining and schistosomiasis by centrifugation technique. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies to crude S. mansoni soluble egg, adult worm antigens, and crude S. haematobium egg antigen by ELISA. The sample population consisted of 40% (62/163) infected with schistosomiasis, 31% (50/163) with malaria, and 6% (10/163) co-infected. All the co-infected students had asymptomatic malaria with parasite densities ranging from 200 - 4,420 parasites/ul blood. IgG titres to the various Schistosoma antigens did not vary significantly. However, antibody titres to the soluble egg antigen increased with age of volunteers. Antigen specific isotype distribution showed a higher prevalence of IgG3 and lgG4.