Browsing by Author "Anaedobe, C. G."

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10

Apparent rarity of asymptomatic herpes cervicitis in a woman with intra-uterine contraceptive device
(PAGEPress, 2013) Fowotade, A.; Okolo, A. C.; Manga, M. M.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Salami, A. A.; Akang, E. E. U.
Infection with genital herpes simplex virus (HSV) remains a common viral sexually transmitted disease, often subclinical and a major worldwide problem of women of reproductive age group. Herpes cervicitis is an unusual presentation of Herpes simplex virus infection in females. The finding of herpes cervicitis on routine pap smear of an asymptomatic woman on Intrauterine contraceptive device still further supports the need for increased awareness on the possibility of Herpes simplex virus infection among women, particularly those on Intrauterine contraceptive device. The index case is a 28 years old Nigerian female who was referred to our Special Treatment Clinic on account of an abnormal pap smear cytology which was in keeping with Herpes cervicitis. There was no history of genital ulcer in this patient; however ELISA for HSV 2 IgM was positive in her. We therefore describe a case of herpes cervicitis in an asymptomatic woman on intrauterine contraceptive device. This case highlights to clinicians the need to be aware of the possibility of this association and to carry out relevant investigations so as to identify and treat these patients appropriately. Therefore, there is a need to put in place adequate public health intervention strategy to prevent genital herpes in women of reproductive age group with a view to preventing the possibility of congenital herpes in subsequent pregnancy.
Assessment of serological markers of genital chlamydia trachomatis infection among the gynaecology patients attending Babcock University teaching hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun state, Nigeria.
(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Nwadike, V.; Babatunde, T.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Opeoluwa S.; Okangba, C.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Omeonu, A.; Faluyi, B.; Thompson, T. E.; Ebeigbe, E.; Ajani, M. A.; Joshua, A. K.; Kolawole, T.; Kristilere, H.; Meremikwu, C. M.; Mgbemena, L.; Nwaejike, C. S.; Salami, A.; Tantua, A.; Timothy, M.; Akagbusum, T.; Coker, A. O.
Genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection causes significant morbidity and mortality in women. A number of epidemiologic studies have suggested that Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is more accurate as a diagnostic tool for Chlamydia trachomatis.However, the use of serological markers may be cost effective and practical in diagnosing and estimating the burden of the disease in resource limited countries.This study was aimed at determining the serological markers (IgG, IgM and IgA) of Chlamydia trachomatis, evaluate the association between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and the sociodemographic characteristics and clinical diagnosis of the participants. This was a cross sectional hospital-based study in which blood samples from 145 consenting participants were tested for IgG, IgM and IgA antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and their clinical diagnosis, retrieved from their case notes. The cumulative prevalence of seropositivity for Chlamydia trachomatis (IgG, IgM, IgA) was 112 (77.2%) while 33 (22.8%) were seronegative. The overall predominant seromarker was IgG 91(62.8%) while IgM and IgA accounted for 85(58.6%) and 54(37.2%) respectively. A statistically significant association was found between Chlamydia trachomatis infection and PID (p value = 0.031), primary infertility (p value 0.011) and level of income (p value= (0,045).
Bilateral ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma in a teenager: a case report.
(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ajani, M. A.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Bakare, R. A.
Epithelial ovarian cancers are uncommon among young girls and teenagers compared to germ cell tumors. We report a case of bilateral ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma in a teenage girl with the attendant challenges of diagnosis, management and follow up. HT, 19 year old had presented at a secondary care level with features suggestive of benign ovarian tumor and had ovariectomy done. However, histology report revealed a malignant epithelial cancer, necessitating a repeat exploration. She was found to have surgical stage 3c disease and subsequently has total abdominal hysterectomy with bilateral salpingectomies, right oophorectomy and omentectomy. She was further managed with paclitaxel-carboplatin combination chemotherapy but defaulted after the 3rd cycle on account of financial constraints. She succumbed to the disease 11 months post diagnosis. Though uncommon, detailed evaluation of teenage patients for malignant ovarian cancer is expedient. The financial burden of cancer care in our environment is also highlighted.
Candida species causing vulvovaginitis among patients in Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State: A retrospective cross-sectional study.
(2024) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Tuta, K. E.; Shonekan, O. A.; Okangba, C. C.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ebeigbe, E.; Osinowo, A. O.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Ogunbiyi, A. I.; Sadare, O. A.; Oluwasola, T. O.; Nwadike, V. U.
Background: Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most common infections in females. In recent decades, reports of incidence of non-albicans candida species causing VVC is increasing and this has led to a lot of therapeutic failures. Thus, this study aimed to detect Candida species among women who presented with VVC in Babcock University Teaching Hospital (BUTH), Ogun State. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective hospital-based study carried out in BUTH. Candida isolates from high vaginal swab of 82 women who presented with VVC at the gynecology and family medicine clinics of the hospital were retrieved for a period of 2 years, January 2019 till December 2020. The isolates were analyzed by standard medical microbiology technique. Information on sociodemographic and behavioral factors were retrieved from clinical case notes. The data were analyzed by IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. Results: The 82 isolates analyzed yielded 87 species of Candida. Out of the 87 isolates of Candida, the albicans species were 50 (57.5%) while the non-albicans were 37 (42.5%). Among the non-albicans species, 16 (43.2%) Candida krusei had the highest frequency while 7 (19.0%) Candida tropicalis had the least and the other isolates that are unidentified by CHROMagaar accounted for 14 (37.8%). Candida albicans was predominant among 12/18 (66.7%) participants with present multiple sex partners. C. albicans was significantly associated with hormonal contraceptives and C. krusei with wearing of tight and nylon underwear, respectively, on bivariate analysis (P < 0.05) Conclusion: C. albicans was the predominant identified species from this study; however, the prevalence of the non-albicans candida species was still high
Chlamydia trachomatis infection among pelvic inflammatory disease patients attending the gynaecology clinic of a private tertiary hospital in Ogun State, Nigeria.
(2024) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Makanjuola, O. B.; Okangba, C. C.; Oluwasola, T. A.; Anaedobe, C. G.
Background: Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) is one of the very serious complications arising from sexually transmitted infections (STIs) and Chlamydia trachomatis has been implicated as one of the commonest causes of STI. Considering the adverse sequelae of PID, there is a need for locally relevant data which will guide preventive and therapeutic efforts. Detection of a combination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) has been described as an indicator of an actively chronic infection Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis infection by the use of IgA and IgG and evaluate the associated risk factors among females that presented with Pelvic inflammatory disease at the gynaecology clinic of Babcock University Teaching Hospital. Ilishan-Remo, Ogun State, Nigeria. (BUTH) Materials and Methods: This was a hospital–based, case-controlled study involving 44 patients diagnosed with PID and 44 age-matched controls at the gynaecology clinic of BUTHI. Interviewer-administered questionnaires were used to obtain information on socio-demographic characteristics, and risk factors for PID, from consenting participants. Blood samples were collected from each participant and analysed, using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, for Chlamydia trachomatis type specific for IgA and IgG. Analysis was done by SPSS, IBM version 23.0 Results: Both IgG and IgA were present in 15 cases (34.1%) as compared to none of the controls. The difference between Chlamydia IgG, IgA and (IgG+IgA) among the cases and the controls were statistically significant. Majority of the participants positive for the immunoglobulins were aged 25 years or younger (11, 73.3%), number of lifetime sex partners and age of first sexual intercourse being 18 years or younger were statistically associated with Chlamydia trachomatis causing PID. Conclusion: Chlamydia trachomatis remains an important causative pathogen of PID and more prevalent among the young people. Screening is advocated among the young in resource limited countries.
Human papillomavirus correlates of high grade cervical dysplasia among HIV-Infected women at a major treatment centre in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study
(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2019) Yakub, M. M.; Fowotade, A.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Manga, M. M.; Bakare, R. A.; Abimiku, B. A.
Introduction: persistent high-risk HPV (hrHPV) infection is higher among women living with HIV/AIDS thus increasing their risk for cervical cancer. We evaluated the virological and immunological correlates of cervical dysplasia in HIV-infected women. Methods: a cohort of 220 consenting women attending the antiretroviral clinic of the Federal Medical Centre, Keffi, Nigeria was tested for cervical human papilloma virus (HPV) infection using PCR. The prevalent HPV genotypes were determined by DNA sequencing. CD4+T count and type specific HPV was correlated with cervical cytology. Descriptive and inferential statistical analysis of the data was done using the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20 (SPSS Inc, Illinois, USA) for analysis after validation. Results: overall HPV prevalence was 54.1% while the hrHPV prevalence was 35.9%. Premalignant and malignant lesions were observed among participants with CD4+T counts between 200-300/mm3. A statistically significant association was observed between cervical premalignant lesions and CD4+ count (X2=24.747, P value=0.001) as well as hrHPV infections (X2=46.800, P<0.001). Conclusion: risk stratification with HPV screening among HIV-infected women will help in early case management of cervical precancerous lesions.
Molecular assessment of extended-spectrum beta lactamases among gram-negative bacilli bacteria causing community acquired urinary tract infection among females in Southwestern Nigeria.
(2021) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Ajani, M. A.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTI) is commoner in females than males and mainly caused by Gram Negative bacilli. The emergence of Extended – spectrum beta lactamases (ESBL) has made its treatment difficult especially in the community because of limited therapeutic options. This study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of ESBL-producing Gram negative bacilli causing UTI among females in Babcock University Community; evaluate the associated risk factors and to determine the prevalence of the associated genes among the ESBL isolates. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study of which 200 female participants with clinical UTI were recruited in Babcock University Community. Pretested interviewer–based structured questionnaire was used to obtain the socio demographic and risk factors. Mid-stream urine was also collected for evaluation of ESBL- producing Gram-negative bacilli. DNA extraction was done for ESBL positive isolates and SHV, TEM, CTX-M and OXA ESBL genes were detected by PCR. SPSS Version 23.0 was used for data analysis. Results: The 200-urine samples tested from the participants yielded 33-Gram negative bacilli isolates. Out of these 33 isolates, 17(51.5%) were ESBL-producers giving prevalence rate of 8.5% among the participants. The distribution of the ESBL genes among the ESBL isolates was as follows: SHV 15/17(88.2%), TEM 4/17(23.5%), CTX-M 3/17(17.6%) and OXA 5/17(29.4%). No associated risk factors were found. Conclusion: All the four types of ESBLgenes evaluated were present among the participants. Routine screening for ESBL for Community acquired UTI is necessary to curb treatment failure.
Polymerase chain reaction versus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in detection of Chlamydia trachomatis infection among gynaecological patients in southwestern Nigeria.
(2018) Ajani, T. A. O.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Ajani, M. A.; Fayemiwo, S. A.; Bakare, R. A.
Background: Chlamydia trachomatis (C. trachomatis), is the most common bacterial Sexually Transmitted Infection, a major cause of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease and female infertility. Since C. trachomatis infections are frequently asymptomatic with higher prevalence in developing countries, highly sensitive and affordable methods are desirable for routine screening and diagnosis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of C. trachomatis-specific IgG antibody by ELISA as a screening tool for C. trachomatis infection, by comparing the performance of ELISA with the gold standard Polymerase Chain Reaction( PCR). Method: In this cross sectional study, we enrolled 150 women attending infertility clinic at Ibadan between January and November, 2015. ELISA for detection of IgG antibodies specific to C. trachomatis major outer membrane protein (MOMP) was performed on the blood samples using third generation indirect Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) and endocervical samples were analyzed for presence of C. trachomatis nucleic acid using PCR. Socio demographic bio-data and gynaecological history were obtained with questionnaire; data was analyzed using SPSS version 20.0. Results: Overall, 58 (38.7%) were positive for C. trachomatis specific IgG antibody by ELISA and 11 (7.3%) for C. trachomatis nucleic acid by PCR. Using PCR as the gold standard, ELISA had a sensitivity of 81.8% specificity of 64.8%, positive predictive value of 15.5% negative predictive value of 97.8% and accuracy of 66%. Conclusion: The high sensitivity of the ELISA indicates that over 80% of patients identified as being positive in the screened population are truly infected. Also, the negative predictive value approaches 100% amongst those screened out as being negative. Thus its use as a screening tool for C. trachomatis infection is warranted particularly in developing countries where cheaper and easier to use alternatives to PCR are in dire need.
Prevalence and associated risk factors of chlamydia trachomatis among gynecology clinic attendees in a tertiary institution in Ogun State, Nigeria.
(2019) Ajani, T. A.; Elikwu, C. J.; Anaedobe, C. G.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Ajani, M. A.
Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most prevalent bacterial causing urogenital infections in men and women worldwide. There have been increasing reports of the prevalence of C. trachomatis in Nigeria. Aims: This study aimed to detect the prevalence of C. trachomatis seromarkers immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin A (IgA) and also to determine their associated risk factors among gynecology clinic attendees in the Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilishan Remo, Ogun State of Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a cross sectional study involving 145 consenting attendees of gynecology clinic of the hospital. Blood samples were collected and tested for =C. trachomatis IgG and IgA using the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay technique. Sociodemographic and sex behavioral factors were obtained by the interviewer based questionnaires, whereas statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 23. Results: Overall prevalence of combined IgG and IgA was 46 (31.7%). Among the infected, 30 (65.2%) were young women aged 15–25 years and majority, 109 (75%), had never used condom while 83 (57.2%) had only one sex partner in the preceding 3 months. Twenty three (15.9%) had a positive history of sexually transmitted infection (STIs), whereas 75 (51.7%) had ≥2 lifetime sex partners. Factors associated with the occurrence of both seromarkers on bivariate analysis included the previous history of STI and number of lifetime sex partners (P < 0.05), but with further analysis, only lifetime sex partners remained statistically significant (odds ratio = 5.63, confidence interval = 1.09–29.05, P = 0.007). Conclusion: There was a high prevalence of active, chronic, and persistent C. trachomatis infection with number of lifetime sex partner being a significant risk factor among our clinic attendees in Ogun State. Appropriate sex education should be encouraged among young people to reduce the burden of the infection and its attendant sequelae in our community.
Prevalence, socio-demographic features and risk factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Southwestern Nigeria
(African Field Epidemiology Network (AFENET), 2015) Anaedobe, C. G.; Fowotade, A.; Omoruyi, C. E.; Bakare, R. A.
Introduction: Hepatitis B virus is responsible for 50%-80% of Hepatocellular carcinoma cases worldwide. In Nigeria, vertical transmission remains a major route of Hepatitis B virus infection. Primary (vaccines and post-exposure prophylaxis) and secondary prevention of HBV transmission by appropriate sexual and sanitary practices are not yet optimal in the country yet measures for early detection (serological, molecular) and treatment of infected pregnant women is not a practice. This study aimed at identifying the prevalence and risk factors for Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at the Ante-natal clinic of the University College Hospital Ibadan. One hundred and eighty pregnant women were recruited from March to August 2013, and tested for Hepatitis B surface antigen (BIORAD FRANCE) using third generation ELISA, as well as HIV-1 and 2 using Uni-Gold Recombigen and ALERE determine (a rapid immunoassay designed to detect antibodies to HIV 1 and/or 2). Positive HBsAg samples were tested for Hepatitis B envelope antigen, antibody and Hepatitis B core antibody (DIAPRO Italy) while serum HBV DNA was detected using PCR. Data were obtained using questionnaires to establish and analysis was performed using SPSS version 20. Results: The seroprevalence of HBsAg was 8.3% out of which 26.7% were positive for HBeAg, 53.3% had HBeAb, 20% had neither HBeAg nor HBeAb, 100% had total HBcAb and 86.7% had HBV DNA in their serum. The mean age was 32.1years, the highest HBV infection rate occurred in 25-29 year age group. Multiple sexual partners (OR- 3.987, P-value=0.026) and early age at sexual debut (OR 11.996, P- value=0.022) were independent risk factors for HBV infection. Conclusion: Hepatitis B virus infection is of high endemicity in Nigeria thus early detection, treatment of infected pregnant women, immunoprophylaxis for exposed newborns and surveillance for those with chronic infection is essential. Health education programs on prevention and control measures must be instituted.