Browsing by Author "Ayodele, A. E."

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An appraisal of the contributions of herbalism to primary health care delivery in south west Nigeria
(2010) Kadiri, A. B.; Adekunle, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.
Herbalism contributes significantly to the primary health care delivery system in the southwest Nigeria through sale and administration of different herbal medicinal preparations which are available in a number of ways like tinctures, herbal wine and elixirs, tisanes, decoctions, macerates, topical, poultices, whole herb consumption, syrup, extracts, inhalation, local rings, incision and rubbing, charm belt, and other charm apparels. Medicines may be hawked by the ambulatory vendors (apothecary) or patients consulting practitioners. Charges are relatively cheap, consultation is prompt and the medicines are reportedly efficacious. Non-exclusion of anybody from patronizing and being organized around people’s needs and expectations, which are two of the key elements of WHO to achieve the ultimate goal of primary health care of better health for all are affectively entrenched in the practice. We adopted and employed basic scientific method, anthropological training skills and study approaches in Humanities to elicit our findings. Government support is highly solicited
Comparative leaf micromorphological characters of the Nigerian species of rauvolfia linn (apocynaceae)
(Klobex Academic Publishers, 2003-12) Kadiri, A. B.; Ayodele, A. E.
Leaf micromophological characters of Rauvolfia Linn. (Apocynaceae) have been studied and compared. The leaf is usually glabrous and hypostomatic. Stomatal type is mostly paracytic but epidermal cell shape is either polygonal or irregular while epidermal cell number is lower on the abaxial surface. Mean stomatal size varies from 1.40.µm x 0.60µm in R. macrophylla to 2.30µm x 0.60µm in R. vomitoria and mean cell wall thickness is either identical on both surfaces in R. macrophylla and R. caffra or dissimilar on either surface in other species. Other features that show variation are anticlinal wall pattern, stomatal and cell inclusions. Using these micro-characters, the species can be recognised even when the leaves are fragmentary. Rauvolfia has therapeutic properties for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorder and it can be used as aphrodisiac and genital excitant.
Comparative Studies on Khaya. A. Juss.(meliaceae) in Nigeria
(2006-06) Ibrahim, A. I.; Ayodele, A. E.; Jegede, A. I.; Kunle, Y. F.
Comparative phytochemical, microscopical and chemomicroscopica! studies were carried out on the genus Khaya with the aim of obtaining useful characters for the identification and delimitation of species boundaries. Tannins and saponins were present In all the species while phenols were detected in all except K. grandlfollola. Protein and anthraquinones were present in the bark of all. iba species. Carbohydrate is present in all the species except in the hark of K. Ivoriensls. Flavonoids and phlobatannins were absent in all the taxa. Microscopical examination of the powdered bark revealed different types and shapes of lignified sclerelds, abundant distribution of prismatic calcium oxalate crystals, druses, lignified cork-cells, fibres, medullary rays and parenchyma cells which may contain starch grains.
Environmental audit of the tunu/kanbo forests of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
(1997-11) Chukwuka, K. S.; Ayodele, A. E.
Environmental audit of the Tunu/Kanbo forests of the Niger Delta, Nigeria
(1997-11) Chukwuka, K. S.; Ayodele, A. E.
Environmental impact assessment of cement factory production on biodiversity: a case study of UNICEM, Calabar Nigeria
(2008) Lameed, G. A.; Ayodele, A. E.
The natural forest at the segment of Southeastern state (Cross River State) is losing its primary status due to various types of human development and industrial activities. This is more envisaged with dry process Kiln method that United Cement Company of Nigeria (UNICEM) intend to use for manufacturing of Cement, which will leave the particulate emission rate of cement as high as 20.8Kg / bbl on the atmosphere. Other environmental pollution problems associated with this activity are bad odour, noise, dust and fumes, aesthetic nuisance, smoke, vibration, effluent and glare. A total of eighty-two tree species among which are some economic species were recorded during the assessment. Diversity Indices of between 0.03 and 1.33 were recorded for the vegetations. Many of the trees are medicinal with the barks and roots used for the treatment of diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, High blood pressure, and skin diseases. Others are cultivated for food, and as ornaments. No disease symptoms were found on the plants within the factory site except that most of the lower plants were dehydrated due to lack of rain. Some of the Rhizophora leaves along the coastline showed some leaf spots, yellowing of leaves and the presence of downy meadews. In conclusion, the industrial activity of UNICEM will in no doubt have impact on habitat vegetation of wildlife species; such species will be compelled to migrate or face mortality. And greater concern must be given to endangered and endemic species such as Pan troglodytes (Chimpanzee), Gorilla gorilla, and Pandrillus leucophaeus that can only be found in this rain forest zone of Cross River National Park.
Environmental impact assessment of the rainforest vegetation in Agbara industrial estate, South Western Nigeria
(1996) Chukwuka, K. S.; Ayodele, A. E.; Osonubi, O.
The vegetation of Agbara industrial estate, South-western Nigerian was studied with a view to determining the floristic and structural composition before the full take off of the various industries. The area is lowland rain forest, drier - type with the major growth forms including trees, shrubs, palms and climbers. A total of 897 plants were enumerated in five transect of 2 km. Species diversity index for the area is in the range of 0.01 - 0.24 while dominance values range from 0.00 - 0.01. Tree density was estimated to be 56.1 stems per km sq. The study shows evidences of regrowth vegetation subsistence farming activities involving arable crops of previous land use. The area is also shown to have suffered previous encroachment or early succession. No particular species is dominant. It is suggested that adequate pollution control measures need to he put in place if the biotic communities of the estate are not to be endangered Resettlement of the inhabitants away from the vicinity of the operating industries is also proposed.
Environmental impact assessment of the rainforest vegetation in Agbara industrial estate, Southwestern Nigeria
(1996) Chukwuka, K. S.; Ayodele, A. E.; Osonubi, O.
The vegetation of Agbara industrial estate, South-western Nigerian was studied with a view to determining the floristic and structural composition before the full take off of the various industries. The area is a lowland rain forest, drier - type with the major growth forms including trees, shrubs, palms and climbers. A total of 897 plants were enumerated in five transect of 2 km. Species diversity index for the area is in the range of 0.01 - 0.24 while dominance values range from 0.00 - 0.01. Tree density was estimated to be 56.1 stems per km sq. The study shows evidences of regrowth vegetation, subsistence farming activities involving arable crops of previous land use. The area is also shown to have suffered previous encroachment or early succession. No particular species is dominant. It is suggested that adequate pollution control measures need to be put in place if the biotic communities of the estate are not to be endangered. Resettlement of the inhabitants away from the vicinity of the operating industries is also proposed.
Epidermal morphology of Nigerian species of synsepalum (sapotaceae)
(1999) Ayodele, A. E.
The leaf epidermal morphology of three Nigerian species of Synsepalum has been studied by light microscopy. Epidermal cells are Irregular or polygonal with straight, curved, undulate or sinuate anticlinal walls. All taxa are amphistomntic although adaxial stomata are restricted to the veins and their vicinities. Stomatal type varies in the genus. Anomocytic stomata are present on both leaf surface of S. dulcificum and S. stipulation while cyclocytic and paracytic types are recorded in S. glycydorum on the adaxial and abaxial surfaces respectively. The periclinal divisions in the abaxial guard cells of S. stipulatum is diagnostic of the species. All taxa are glabrous but numerous trichome bases are found on the abaxial surface of S. glycydorum suggesting an early loss of hairs in leaf development A dichotomous key for identifying the species is presented.
Epidermal morphology of the genus dialium (fabaceae: caesalpinioideae)
(1997) Sheteolu, A. O.; Ayodele, A. E.
Epidermal morphology of adaxial and abaxial leaflet surfaces of the five species in the genus Dialium (Fabaceae : Caesalpinoideae) were studied by light microscopy. The epidermises are composed of cells which are isodiametric, irregular or both types in outline. Anticlinal walls are either straight, curved or undulate. Leaflets of all taxa are hypostomatic. Paracytic stomata occur in all species except D. guineense that posses both paracytic and staurocytic stomata. Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size and density, size and density of epidermal cells, and type, size, shape, frequency and basal cells of the trichomes. An indented, dichotomous key for identifying the species is presented.
Ethnobotanical studies of anti-tuberculosis plants in Egbado, Ogun State, Nigeria
(1999) Ashidi, J. S.; Gbile, Z. O.; Ayodele, A. E.
Forty-five plant species and twenty-nine recipes used to treat tuberculosis in Egbado were identified. Prominent among these preparations were Garcinio kola Meckel, (Clusiaceae), Xylopia aelhiopica (Dunal) A. Rich. (Annonaccae), Musa nana Lour. (Musaceae), Anchomancs dijformis (BL.) Engl. (Araceae), Alchornea cordoifolia (Schuin. & Tlionn.) Muell. Arg. (Eupliorbiaceae), Allium ascalonicum Linn. (Liliaceae), Tetrapleura tetraptera (Sebum. & Tlionn.) Taub. (Mimosaccac). Olax subscorpinidca Oliv. (Olacaceac) and Piper guineense Sebum. & Thonn. (Piperaceae) suggesting their importance in the treatment. The need to screen the plants so identified especially those that have not been chemically and biologically studied is stressed.
Ethnobotanical survey of anti-diabetic plants in some local Government areas in Ogun State, Nigeria
(2005) Ashidi, J. S.; Abo, K. A.; Ayodele, A. E.
The results of an ethnobotanical survey of plants used in the treatment of diabetes in Ipokia, Haro and Ijebu North Local Government Areas of Ogun State are reported. Thirty four plant species in twenty families and some twenty recipes were identified Anthocleista vogelii Planch, Anthocleista djalonensis A. Chev, Bridelia ferruginea Benth, Clobimethula braunii (Engl) van Tiegh, Momordica charantia Linn and Musa sapientum Linn were prominent in the recipes. These phytomedicine were administered as concoction, decoctions, and powder of ash residue. Previous biological studies of some of the plants confirm the rational use of the recipes by traditional healers. Field study of plants and their specific uses by traditional healers eliminate random collection and it is an important phase in the identification, screening and subsequent isolation of bioactive compounds from the plants. A systematic scientific research into the efficacy of these medicinal plants is suggested.
Ethnobotany, conservation and sustainable development
(1996) Ayodele, A. E.
The current attempt to concentrate on medicinal plants as sources of drug is a welcome development which must be accompanied with adequate conservation strategies through research, education and training, ex-situ and in-situ conservation. Conservation is necessary if the dignity of life is to be maintained. However, plant taxonomy as a discipline particularly the aspect of floristic taxonomy, should serve as the ‘bedrock’ of any conservation strategy. Data from such studies which are well documented in efficient and well equipped herbaria in an easily retrievable manner will facilitate better coordinated effort at mapping out strategies for bio conservation and sustainable living. The setting up of Botanical and Zoological gardens is also crucial to conservation programmes. Taxonomists, conservation experts and policy makers must work in harmony and at more organised setting to provide solutions to conservation problems.
Foliar epidermal and pollen characters in the genus Cola Schott. & Endl. in Nigeria
(2005) Goji, T. C.; Ayodele, A. E.
The leaf epidermal and pollen characters of eight Cola species in Nigeria were studied by light microscopy for the purpose of identification of the species even in fragmentary and sterile state. The epidermal cells were polygonal in shape except in C. glabra where they were irregular. The anticlinal walls were straight (C. gigantea), undulate (C. glabra) and straight to slightly curved in the others. C. acuminata, C. laurifolia and C. nitida were amphistomatic while the others were hypostomatic. Stomatal types were anisocytic (C. flaviflora), anomocytic (C. glabra), laterocytic (C. hispida) but stattrocylic in the others. Crystal sands were present in C. hispida. C. flaviflora (24-09) and C. hispida (42-110) had the lowest number of epidermal cells/mm2 while the highest occurred in C. millenii (720-950). Conversely, C. flaviflora (24-50µm) and C. hispida (29-60µm) had the widest celts. The highest stomatal densities occurred likewise in C. hispida and C. gigantea (72-121) but the lowest were found in C. flaviflora (24-70). Whereas. C. acuminata recorded the largest stomata (24-26 x 15-17µm), it had the lowest stomatal index (15.7%). The highest index (60.6%) was found in C. hispida while the smallest stomata belonged to C. laurifolia (9-12 x 9- l lµm). Trichomes, though absent in all the taxa, the bases were present in them and very prominent in C. gigantea. The pollen grains were either subprolale or prolate, spheroidal. The presence and number of pores and furrows varied in the species, tricolporate (C. acuminata, C. gigantea and C. hispida), dicolporate (C. flaviflora, C. millenii and C. nitida) and inaperturate (C. glabra and C. laurifolia). The combination of these various micro-morphological characters is useful for the delimitation and identification of the species even in their fragmentary state.
Foliar epidermal characteristics and preliminary phytochemistry of Ixora coccinea Linn, and ixora parviflora vahl.
(Klobex Academic Publishers, 1999-06) Ayodele, A. E.; Gbadebo, J. O.
Two ornamental species of ixora have been investigated morphologically and phytochemicaly. The leaves are oblong with acute apices and cordate bases In I. coccinea and elliptic with acuminate apices and obtuse bases In I. parviflora. The leaves are also larger in the latter. Epidermal cells are Isodlametric on the adaxial surfaces and irregular on the abaxial surfaces with curved anticlinal walls. Epidermal cells are larger In I parviflora. Paracytic stomata are found in both taxa while I. coccinea Is amphistomatic with the stomata on the adaxial surface restricted to areas around the midvein, I parviflora Is hypostomatic. A higher stomatal Index occurs In I. coccinea Trichomes which are restricted to the abaxial surfaces of the two taxa are simple, short, unicellular, peg-like or cone-like, and sometimes curved. Trichomes are, however, longer In I. parviflora Alkaloids, saponins and tannins are present in both taxa. Free or combined anthraqulnones and cardinc glycosides were not detectable in any of the species. An artificial key is present for the Identification of the two species.
Foliar epidermal characteristics of the genus plumbago linn (plumbaginaceae) in Nigeria
(2000) Ayodele, A. E.
The epidermal morphology of adaxial and abaxial leaf surfaces of the two Plumbago species represented in Nigeria were studied using light microscopy. The epidermal cells are polygonal with straight, thin anticlinal walls. Both taxa arc amphistomatic with anisocytic stomata type on both surfaces. P. zeylanica contains larger cells and stomata. The occurrence of crystal sands and chalk glands on the surfaces of the leaves is of generic importance in the family Plumbaginaceae. Epidermal cell size and number, stomatal size, number and index are characters of taxonomic importance sufficient in separating the two taxa even in sterile specimens. A key is presented for the identification of the species.
Foliar epidermal morphology and anti-diabetic property of andrographis paniculata(burm.f.) wall ex nees
(2010) Fasola, T. R.; Ayodele, A. E.; Odetola A. A.; Umotok, N. E.
The leaf epidermal features and anti diabetic property of Androgragphis paniculata were investigated. The epidermal cells are polygonal to irregular with curved to undulate anticlinal walls on both surfaces of the leaf. The leaf is hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface. Stomata type is axillocytic. The epidermal cells contain deposits of crystal oxalates while cystoliths are found in a few cells. The leaf extract was evaluated for hypoglycemic effects. There was significant hypoglycemic effect in alloxan induced diabetic rats following administration of the leaf aqueous extract. The result shows that the level of fasting blood sugar was dependent on the previous level of basal blood sugar in the four groups of rats used for this study. Treatment of the rats with A. paniculata showed a dose dependent relationship with the time it took for the blood of the rats to return to the basal blood sugar levels. The study supports the use of the plant in the management and treatment of diabetes.
Foliar epidermal studies in the family Bignoniaceae Juss. in Nigeria
(Academic Journals, 2008-02) Ugbabe, G. E.; Ayodele, A. E.
Comparative studies have been carried out on the leaf epidermal features of eleven species of the family Bignoniaceae in Nigeria. The species are relatively uniform in the qualitative macro morphological characters except in the leaf shape, which varies from ovate, elliptic, oblong-elliptic, oblong, oblanceolate to obovate-lanceolate. A more constant macro character for the species is the leaflet length /leaflet width ratio, which ranges from 2:1 to 4:1. The epidermal morphology of the adaxial and abaxial surfaces of the species was studied with the light microscope. The epidermal cells are polygonal, irregular or both. Anticlinal walls are straight, curved or undulate/ wavy. Leaflets of all species are hypostomatic with stomata restricted to the abaxial surface. The Anomocytic stomata type is most prominent except Kigelia africana, which has diacytic stomata. Striae are present on the adaxial surface of Oroxylum indicum and abaxial surface of Spathodea campanulata. Knobs are present on the abaxial and adaxial surfaces of Markhamia lutea, Markhamia tomentosa, abaxial surface of Stereospermum kunthianum and adaxial surface of Tabebuia rosea. Other features of the epidermis that show variation include stomatal size, shape and frequency. Epidermal cell shape, anticlinal wall undulation, striation on the epidermis, stomata type, distribution and stomata index are of taxonomic importance in the family while epidermal size and number are of little diagnostic value. The significance of these observations is discussed in relation to the taxonomy of the family.
Haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of ficus mucoso and senna occidentalis in rabbits
(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2009) Adedapo, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.; Ogunshe, A. A. O.; Oyeyemi, M. O.; Idowu, S. O.; Ola-Davies, O. E.; Ademola, I. O.
A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®
Haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of ficus mucoso and senna occidentalis in rabbits
(2009) Adedapo, A. A.; Ayodele, A. E.; Ogunshe, A. A. O.; Oyeyemi, M.O.; Idowu, S. O.; Ola -Davies, O. E.; Ademola, I. O.
A total of 20 domestic rabbits divided into 4 groups of 5 animals per group were used in this study to assess the haematinic potencies of the aqueous crude extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis and this was then compared with that of a proprietary haematinic, Haematopan B12®. Group A animals (control) were not bled but those in groups B, C and D were bled to induce anaemia. Group B animals were treated with Haematopan B12®, a commercially prepared haematinic, and groups C and D were treated with the aqueous crude extracts of Senna occidentalis (Linn) Link and Ficus mucoso Welw. ex Ficalho respectively. The post-haemorrhage treatment haematologic values were obtained at given intervals (7 days) and compared with the pre-haemorrhagic values earlier obtained. The study showed that all the experimental animals showed accelerated recovery since these animals had excellent response in terms of white blood cell (WBC) and its differentials, red blood cell (RBC) count, packed cell volume (PCV) and haemoglobin (Hb) concentration. Thus the extracts of Ficus mucoso and Senna occidentalis have comparative haematinic potencies as Haematopan B12®.