Browsing by Author "Babalobi, O. O."

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Animal health management perspectives of rural livestock farmers in Southwest Nigeria: the place of community based animal health workers
(2010) Idowu, O. S.; Babalobi, O. O.
A case study of a typical community based rural livestock production system in South-west Nigeria was undertaken using participatory epizootiology (PE) to understand local preferences for animal health management practices and observe if there is any justification or place for community based animal health workers (CBAHW ) in rural livestock health and production management. Sheep and goats were the major animals kept by 46.7% of the respondents, followed by chicken (29.3%), dogs (13.3%), ducks (8.0%) and pigs (2.7%). The major health and production problems identified were Pestes des petit ruminants (PPR) (30.0% of respondents), mange (23.0%) and crop destruction (20.0%); while cannibalism by hawks/eagle was the major problem of poultry production as highlighted by rural women (15%). While more respondents (42.7%) rate modern animal health practitioners as more effective than Fulani pastoralists healers (33.67%) and indigenous local healers (25.0%), modern animal health practitioners were described as least truthful/ unreliable (91.7%), less available (91.7%), most expensive (66.7%) and inaccessible (25.0%). On the other hand, indigenous local healers were rated as very available and more accessible (66.7%) while Fulani pastoralist healers were rated as more available and ready to provide veterinary services (58.3%) compared to indigenous local healers (33.3%) and modern animal health practitioners (8.3%). These results are similar to those obtained in other African countries. In conclusion, despite the prevailing professional apathy to the CBAHW concept by influential veterinary authorities in Nigeria, health issues highlighted by the community-based rural livestock farmers could be adequately addressed by CBAHW.
Application of geographical information systems to assess the risk of trypanosomosis in Apete, Ibadan
(2001) Oguamanam, L.; Babalobi, O. O.; Fabiyi, O.
Geography information System (GIS) was applied to assess the risk of trypanosomosis at Apete area, Ibadan, Nigeria where the University of Ibadan’s Veterinary Teaching Hospital has a satellite station. Primary data were collected from physical field observations and interviews with residents and community leaders in the area between September 2000 and March 200.1 Secondary data sources included maps from Oyo State ministry of Land, Housing and Survey, International Livestock Research Institute ILRI. Internet Search and consultation with GIS personnel at the Geography Department of the University of Ibadan. Data analysis was done at DISEG Niq Ltd Ibadan. Software used included Arcview GIS Version 3.1® Atlas GIS® and Arc info GIS Microsoft Word 98® was used for typing Epizootological criteria chosen included the Forest Reserve Area Rivers and An-mal Host locations at Apete area. Results classified Apete area into high risk and medium risk areas and highlight the potential of GIS for landscape epizootological research. Recommendation are made for provision of relevant database of high quality which should be regularly updated. There is need for collaborative efforts with the GIS unit of Geography Department of the University.
The application of geographical information systems to veterinary medicine: an overview
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2002) Babalobi, O. O.; Fabiyi, O.; Oguamanam, L.
Geographical Information Systems, (GIS), are powerful computerized systems with inputting, storage, mapping, analysis and display of spatial data capabilities (spatial data are associated with a location on the earth’s surface). Geographical Information Systems have tremendously enhanced Ecological Epizootiology, the study of diseases in relation to their ecosystems. It has found increasing application for surveillance and monitoring studies, identification and location of environmental risk factors as well as disease prediction, disease policy planning, prevention and control. This article is an overview of the application of GIS to veterinary and medical research, education, decision support and information systems indifferent parts of the world, including Nigeria.
The challenge of changing trends in the development and use of the internet and information communication technologies for veterinary medicine education in Nigeria
(2010) Babalobi, O. O.
Clinic and laboratory manual: veterinary public health-preventive medicine-wildlife and fish diseases
(2008) Adeyemi, I. G.; Alonge, D. O.; Agbede, S. A.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.; Ishola, O. O; Babalobi, O. O.; Ijagbone, I. F.; Cadmus, S. I. B.; Adedeji, O. B.; Adeyemo, O. K.; Olugasa, B. O.; Adetunji, V. O.; Olatoye, I. O.; Awosanya, A. E. J.; Ojomo, B.; Agboola, B. B.
Community based participatory epizootiology of livestock kept by Awotan Women, Ido LGA, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2007) Ogunwale, I.; Babalobi, O. O.
Participatory Epizootiology (PE) is the use of participatory approaches and methods, involving the community based livestock keepers, to improve the understanding of their animal diseases and production problems, and to design appropriate veterinary intervention and other action plans for these problems Women are generally responsible for small stocks of livestock species kept in local communities This study was to investigate by the use of semi structured interviews, livestock diseases and health problems of traditional animal health projects in the study area, Awotan in Ido Local Government Area of Oyo State; with livestock keeping women as the primary respondents. The major species of animal kept were sheep and goats (51%), domestic fowl (27%), and dog (4%). They were kept under a semi intensive system of management in which the farmer have no adequate control over the animals. Common livestock diseases and health problems is encountered by female livestocks at Awotan were ranked by respondents as follows, Diarrhea (26%), Newcastle disease (22.7%), Mange (18%), Fowl pox 8.4%) petos des petite ruminants PPR (7.8%), Lice infestation 5.8%, Foot and nose bots 5.2%, Tick infestation 3.0%and Contagious Caprine Pleuro-pneumonia CCPP (1.95%). The farmers regard traditional intervention on the disease of their animals as very effective as a palliative treatment and modern veterinarian services as curative but less accessible and very expensive. Veterinary staff associated with the community complained about non conducive working environment and lack of mobility ambulatory vehicle, problems of ‘quacks’ that have motor cycles and go around disguising as veterinary doctors. Recommendations are made for the training of some educated community members as community animal health workers, the control of quackery in the Awoton, the provision of adequate mobility and conducive working environment for Veterinary staff, as well as provision of veterinary services to farmers at affordable prices.
A comparative assessment of the nutritional contents of ‘wara’ a West African soft cheese using calotropis procera and cymbopogon citratus as coagulants
(African Scholarly Science Communications Trust, 2011) Adetunji, V. O.; Babalobi, O. O.
The processing line of West African soft cheese varieties (processed with Calotropis procera (Sodom apple) and Cymbopogon citratus (lemon grass) leaf extracts was assessed for nutrient compositions (nitrogen, crude protein, fat, lactose, moisture content), pH, total aerobic plate count and trace elements (Fe, Zn, Cu, Mn, Na, Ca, Mg and K). The percentage of nutrient composition, pH and the total aerobic plate count of microbes were: milk (nitrogen (2.05), protein (2.78), fat (5.33), lactose (1.86), moisture contents (88.75), pH (3.91) and total aerobic plate count (7.3logcfu/ml); Calotropis procera processed cheese (nitrogen (2.00), protein (2.56), fat (4.43), lactose (1.72), moisture contents (62.89), pH (3.58) and total aerobic plate count (7.34logcfu/ml); Cymbopogon citratus processed cheese (nitrogen (2.01), protein (2.53), fat (4.33), lactose (1.68), moisture contents (63.56), pH ( 3.56) and total aerobic plate count (7.43 logcfu/ml). There were significant differences between the parameters measured in the raw milk and processed cheese at 95% confidence limit. However, the parameters measured varied slightly in the two cheese varieties (Calotropis procera and Cymbopogon citratus). The total aerobic plate counts in milk and cheese were higher than international standards set by Codex alimentarius. Addition of leave extracts (Calotropis procera and Cymbopogon citratus) increased the total aerobic plate counts but the counts dropped at the curdling point during processing. Cymbopogon citratus cheese had a higher total aerobic plate count than the Calotropis procera cheese although not at a significant level. There was an increase in Fe, Zn, Cu and Na along the processing line, but a decrease ensued in Mn, Ca, Mg and K. There was no significant difference in the Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, Mg, K, N, protein, fat and lactose contents of the two cheese types although all trace elements and nutrients assayed were higher in the Calotropis procera processed cheese with the exception of Fe content. The study suggests the use of Cymbopogon citratus leaf extract as a local milk coagulant due to reports of probable health hazard from the use of C. procera. However, further work on improving the yield of cheese when Cymbopogon citratus is used as coagulant is still necessary.
Core competency of the M.Sc. (epizootiology) programme at the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
(2006) Babalobi, O. O.
The concept of Core Competence developed to assess professional training needs, was applied in this 2004 study to evaluate the Masters of Science (Epizootiology) programme developed in 1984 at the Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, Nigeria. Results indicate the curricular covered four of the five major Core Competency needs in Epizootiology (Veterinary Epidemiology), with sufficient curricular courses available for General Skills, Surveillance and Monitoring Skills, Outbreak Investigation Skills as well as Study Design and Analysis. There are however major deficiencies in the fifth core subject of Risk Analysis. In addition to including the socio-economic concept of risk analysis, there is a review of the Masters of Epizootiology curricular of the University of Ibadan to harness all concepts within the fundamental nature of epizootiology; from the traditional long-established macroscopic field-based Participatory Epizootiology/Ethno-Veterinary Medicine perception of the stakeholder rural livestock farmer, to promoting modern contemporary microscopic desk/laboratory epizootiological concepts of Risk Assessment, Genetic and Molecular Biology, Geographic Information System and other Veterinary Computer Informatics facilities. However, field-based observational and descriptive studies remain the basis of epizootiological training and investigation.
Development of a geo-informatics database of abattoirs in Ibadan, Nigeria for epizootiological surveillance
(National Veterinary Research Institute, Nigeria, 2005) Onyeka, L.; Ogundipe, G. A. T.; Babalobi, O. O.
Animal diseases and health problems transcend local and international kudus. requiring attention to geographical, spatial and temporal considerations before effective prevention and control could be implemented. The application of geo-information technologies has been on for decades to facilitate diseases reporting, monitoring, surveillance, prediction and intervention (prevention/treatment/control) programmes. Low stock of livestock base data is one of the challenges/limitation to the adoption/application of modern geographic information technologies in the control of epizootics m Africa, including Nigeria. Abattoris are typical foci for epizootiological studies of animal diseases, including zoonotic disease of public health importance. This paper highlights the use of Geographical Inhumation Systems and Global Positioning System technologies lot the establishment of a spatial baseline geographical data of some abattoirs in Ibadan, one of Africa’s largest cities. Such a baseline data could form a basis for the running of an effective veterinary inhumation system for disease diagnosis, monitoring and surveillance
Differential diagnosis of a swine epizootic of unknown etiology in Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2003) Babalobi, O. O.; Ayoade, G. O.; Olugasa, B. O.; Oluwayelu, D. O.; Oyedele, O.
Outbreaks of unconfirmed infections associated with high mortalities in pig herds were reported at the University of Ibadan Teaching and Research Farm, and in other parts of Ibadan, Nigeria between June and October 2001. Based on a tentative diagnosis of African Swine Fever and differential diagnosis of classical swine lever, encephalomyocarditis virus and anthrax, research was initiated between July and November 2001 to confirm the cause of the outbreak. This included farm visit, to observe clinical signs, collect samples and do necropsies, electronic mail communication of presenting signs. Internet web searches. laboratory tests and serological (immunoblotting assay) tests A confirmatory diagnosis of the infection as African Swine Fever (ASF) was reached. This diagnosis is important to enable researchers and appropriate authorities to introduce monitoring and control measures.
Economic impacts assessment of pleuropneumonia burden and control in pastoral cattle herds of North-central Nigeria
(2017-06) Alhaji, N. B.; Babalobi, O. O.
Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) is a trans-boundary infectious and contagious respiratory disease of cattle caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides. It is a disease of high economic importance because of its ability to compromise food security. Information on its economic burden in pastoral cattle herds of Niger State, North-central Nigeria is not readily available. This study was aimed at investigating the economic impacts of CBPP to pastoralists in Niger State, North-central Nigeria, by determining its burden, returns to investments in its control, and cost-effectiveness of the control interventions ex-post evaluation, to provide baseline estimates that will assist animal health authorities and international donors in making investment decisions on its control in Nigeria. A questionnaire-based cross sectional study was conducted in 125 pastoral cattle herds. Economic analyses were conducted using total economic cost, benefit-cost analysis and cost-effectiveness analysis models. The values of mortality and morbidity losses to the herders were 219,038.5 USD and 35,598.8 USD, respectively. The total economic cost of CBPP to pastoralists was estimated to be 294,800.3 USD. Return on investment in CBPP control by vaccination and treatment was positive, with a benefit-cost ratio of 6.4. The Average cost-effectiveness ratio value for treatment intervention was 13.7 USD per life cattle saved and for vaccination option was 0.6 USD per death/cull averted. The estimated economic costs due to CBPP have shown that the disease was of high economic importance and must be controlled.
Emerging zoonoses: the public health role of veterinarians
(2008) Babalobi, O. O.
Engaging Inter-Governmental Organizations (EIO) - capacity building and training opportunities for fisheries and aquaculture at the Food and Agricultural Organization FAO of the United Nations
(2014) Babalobi, O. O.
Epizootiology of pastoralism in Nigeria
(2000) Babalobi, O. O.; Esuruoso, G. O.
Ethno-veterinary medicine perspectives of common diseases and health problems of livestock kept by rural women in South-West Nigeria: a case study
(2010) Ogunwale, I.; Babalobi, O. O.
Ethnoveterinary medicine is the scientific term for traditional animal health care and provides low cost alternatives to use of modem veterinary services and drugs. Research into ethnoveterinary medicine is often undertaken as part of a community-based approach that serves to improve animal health and provide basic veterinary services in rural areas. The study applied some participatory, rural appraisal tools to identify common diseases and health problems among livestock kept by women formers in a case study rural setting in Southwest Nigeria as well as their ethnoveterinary practises and perception. Common livestock, diseases end health problems were ranked by respondents as Diarrhoea (26%), Newcastle Disease (22.7%), Mange (18%) fowl pox (8.4%) Pestes des petite ruminants (7.8%), Lice infestation (5.8%) foot and nose bots (5.2%), lick infestation (3.9%) and Contagious Caprine Plcuro pneumonic (1.95%). The farmers regard traditional intervention on the diseases of their animals as very effective as palliative treatment, and modern veterinary - services as curative but less accessible and very expensive. Veterinary staff associated with the community complained about non conducive working environment and lack of mobility/ambulatory vehicle, problems of quacks that have motorcycles and go around disguising as Veterinary doctors. Recommendations are-made for the training of some educated community members of community animal health workers, the control of quackery in rural areas, the provision of adequate mobility and conducive working environment for Veterinary staff as well as provision of veterinary services to farmers at affordable prices.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of animal disease reporting system of Oyo state Nigeria (1995-2005): the relevance of Program for emerging diseases (ProMED-mail)
(2011) Bolajoko, M. B.; Babalobi, O. O.
Evaluation of the extension activities of the National Livestock Projects Division Kontagora, Nigeria
(Nigerian Veterinary Medical Association, 2003) Ogundipe, G. A. T.; Babalobi, O. O.; Annatte, I. A.
An evaluation study of five commodity-based livestock extension models of the Kontagora district officer of the National Livestock Project Division (NLPD) under Nigeria’s Second Livestock Development Plan (NLDP) was carried out between 1992 and 1996. The adoption rates for the models were 27.8% for the Small Holder Cattle Fattening Scheme (SHCFS). 16.3% for the poultry model and 14% for the piggery model. All the adopters of the SHCFS received virtually all their inputs at subsidised rates through the NI, PD. In contrast, virtually no extension service or inputs were provided to the poultry and pincers models, hence the lower adoption rates, despite strong evidences of socio-economic relevance. The correction of the extension delivery detects indicated, and a major policy reorientation towards the development of poultry and pigs hand-in-hand with cattle to alleviate Nigeria’s animal protein deficit, are recommended.
Geographical Information System (GIS) Mapping of Spatio-Temporal pollution status of Rivers in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Asian Network for Soioniifio Information, 2008) Adeyemo, O. K.; Babalobi, O. O.
More accurate spatio-temporal predictions of urban environment arc needed as a basis for assessing exposures as a part of environmental studies and to inform urban protection policy and management. In this study, an information system was developed to manage die physico-chemical pollution information of Ibadan river system. Oyo Slate, Southwest Nigeria. The study took into account die seasonal influences of point and non-point discharges on die levels of physico-chemical parameters. The overall sensitivity of the watershed to physicochemical environmental pollution revealed dial during dry season, of the 22 (100%) sample points, only 3(13.6%) were unpolluted, 6 (27.3%) were slightly polluted, 10 (45.4%) were moderately polluted. 2 (91%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted During rainy season, 3 (13.6%) were unpolluted. 7 (31.8%) were slightly polluted, 9 (40.9%) were moderately polluted, 2 (9.1%) were seriously polluted and 1 (4.5%) was exceptionally polluted There is a considerable environmental risk associated with the present level of pollution of the Ibadan river water body on fish health and biodiversity This research provides a basis for aquatic management and assist in policy making at national and international levels Appropriate strategies for the control of point and non-point pollution sources, amendments and enforcement of legislation should be developed.
Grazing reserves and development of traditional pastoralism in Nigeria: progress and prospects
(Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 1999) Babalobi, O. O.; Esuruoso, O. O.
The Nigerian beef industry is controlled by pastoralists for whom production strategies are primarily for stock survival rather than increased off-take. Their production system is in the traditional (extensive migratory) phase of development, which needs to be modernized (intensified) to bridge the increasing gap between supply and demand for beef in Nigeria while sustaining the pastoral lifestyle of the producers. In this paper, the most sustained effort at development of pastoralism - the grazing reserve scheme - is examined for its effectiveness Using the Dobi Grazing Reserve in Niger State. Nigeria as study area, its progress towards the settlement and economic development of pastoralism is evaluated. From the result, an unprecedented voluntary settlement of pastoralist and marginally improved production parameters are recorded. Possession of land rights, grazing security, presence of water and grazing resources, and the deliberate policy of encouraging transhumance activity out of the reserve during the dry season, were factors responsible for the voluntary settlement. The need for stricter stock control measures, provision of extension/veterinary services and socio-economic infrastructure and a greater involvement of settlers in the funding and administration of the reserve are highlighted as conditions for sustaining the programme.
History of one health in Nigeria - a tribute to late one health pioneers
(2014) Babalobi, O. O.