Browsing by Author "Baiyewu, O."

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Panic disorder prevalence among patients referred for an electrocardiogram in a Nigerian teaching hospital
(Elsevier Inc, 2013) Esan, O. B.; Baiyewu, O.
Background: Panic disorder is a common chronic illness that is often unrecognized, misdiagnosed, and untreated because it often presents to the physicians with symptoms that are similar to those of emergency medical conditions. One study of the prevalence of panic disorder in the general population in Nigeria has been published, but no studies have examined the prevalence of panic disorder in a sample of Nigerian patients with cardiac symptoms. This study investigated the 12-month prevalence of panic disorder among patients who were referred for an electro cardiogram in a Nigerian teaching hospital. Methods: Three hundred consecutive patients who were referred for an electrocardiogram were assessed for panic disorder using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID). Results: The prevalence of panic attacks and panic disorder were 10.0% and 7.0%, respectively. Age was associated with the presence of both panic attacks and panic disorder. Conclusions: This study suggests that panic disorder is common among patients who are referred for an electrocardiogram. It is recommended that patients whose cardiovascular or respiratory symptoms are not well explained by the diseases of such systems be evaluated for mental illness.
Psychiatric disorders and adherence to antiretroviral therapy among a population of HIV-infected adults in Nigeria
(Sage publications, 2016) Adejumo, O.; Oladeji, B.; Akpa, O.; Malee, K.; Baiyewu, O.; Ogunniyi, A.; Evans, S.; Berzins, B.; Taiwo, B.
Psychiatric disorders are common among HIV patients in Nigeria. Adherence is necessary to optimize the outcome of antiretroviral therapy. In this study, we aimed to identify associations between antiretroviral adherence measured by 1-week and 1-month self-reported missed doses, and psychiatric illness in a cohort previously assessed for psychiatric disorders using the Composite International Diagnostic instrument (CIDI). The study participants comprised 151 adults with major depression, anxiety or suicidal symptoms, and 302 matched-control participants. Two controls were randomly selected for each case within the same gender and education stratum. We compared participants with psychiatric disorders (WPDs) and without psychiatric disorders (NPDs) on selected demographic and clinical variables, in addition to adherence. Participants with 1 or more missed doses in the preceding month had twice the odds of having a major depressive episode as those with no missed doses during this period (OR 2.22, 95% CI 1.03, 4.79). This association remained significant after adjusting for selected risk factors. There was no statistically significant difference between WPD and NPD groups on either 1-week or 1-month adherence, or on age, marital status, occupational class, HIV viral load at enrollment or current CD4. Among Nigerian adults with HIV, suboptimal antiretroviral adherence is associated with, and could be a Corresponding author: Olurotimi Adejumo, Department of Psychiatry, University College Hospital, PMB 5116, Ibadan, Nigeria, Phone: +2348033778540, +13122167417, radejumo@yahoo.com. HHS Public Access Author manuscript Int J STD AIDS. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2016 October 01. Published in final edited form as: Int J STD AIDS. 2016 October ; 27(11): 938–949. doi:10.1177/0956462415600582. Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript Author Manuscript pointer to depression. Routine self-report adherence assessments may have potential utility for identifying individuals at risk among this population.
Stroke lesions and post-stroke depression among survivors in Ibadn, Nigeria
(2013) Ojegbemi, A.; Owolabi, M.; Baiyewu, O.
"Background: We aimed to determine the association between the neuro-radiological characteristics of stroke lesions and post-stroke major depression among survivors in Ibadan, Nigeria. This is in the background of a paucity of information on the clinico-pathological correlation of post-stroke emotional responses among African Survivors. Method: We studied 30 stroke survivors receiving physiotherapy. The radiological characteristics of the stroke lesions were documented using computerized tomography or magnetic resonance imaging scans in the acute phase of the stroke. While the presence of major depressive disorder meeting criteria in the fourth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual was assessed using the Schedule for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN), between 3 months and 2 years after. The association between lesion characteristics and depression was explored using logistic regression analysis. Result: Nine (30.0%) stroke survivors met criteria for major depressive disorder. There were significant differences in their gender. The differences in the lesion types approached the set level of significance in survivors with or without major depressive disorder. There were however no differences when considering hemispheric lateralization or intrahemispheric lesion location. Being female, but not the lesion characteristics was strongly associated with post-stroke major depressive disorder. Conclusion: Lesion characteristics documented in the acute phase of stroke could not predict the occurrence of majbr depressive disorder during rehabilitation in this sample. The occurrence of depression among stroke survivors may ultimately be determined by a combination of factors. "
The adolescents’ psychosocial functioning inventory (APFI): scale development and initial validation using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis
(African Journal for the psychological study of social issues, 2015) Akpa, O. M.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Baiyewu, O.
Most of the existing measures of psychosocial functioning among adolescents are developed outside Lower-middle income countries (LMIC). Measures relevant to the LMIC setting will provide opportunity to assess the functioning of adolescents in these settings based on their background or context. The Adolescents’ Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (APFI) which addresses relevant challenges and expectations of adolescents in the LMIC settings was developed to bridge this gap in knowledge. A total of 753 adolescents from purposively selected secondary schools participated in this study. Preliminary analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. The underlying factor structure of the APFI was explored using Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis. Chi-square Goodness of Fit (CGF) and other fit indices were used to assess model fit. Cronbachs alpha was used to assess the reliability of the items and subscales of the APFI. The final model derived from the factor analyses yielded a 23-item three-factor model that provided the best fit to the data. Estimate of overall reliability of the APFI scale was   0.83 while all three factors/subscales: Optimism and Coping Strategy (OCS), Behaviour and Relationship Problems (BRP), and General Psychosocial Dysfunctions (GPD) had moderate to high reliability (   0.59 for OCS,   0.57 for BRP and   0.90 for GPD). The CGF yielded 2 / df  3 =1.58 while all other fit indices were in the acceptable range. The three-factor model APFI is a reliable measure for assessing psychosocial functioning among adolescents in the LMIC.