Browsing by Author "Balogun, M. O."

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Cassava micropropagation in a developing economy: efficacy of the use of alternative sources of water, macro and micro-nutrients
(Science Association of Nigeria, 2003) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Fawole, I.
The effect of water, micro- and macro-nutrient source on growth and development of cassava plantlets was investigated. Two varieties of cassava (TME 2 and TMS 4(2) 1425) were used. The double- distilled water currently being used was substituted with well water, IITA tap water and water from air conditioner (a/c); while the Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium popularly adopted as the source of macro-nutrients, micro-nutrients and vitamins was also substituted with fertilizers and multimineral tablet. Percentage root formation, plantlet formation and number of roots per plantlet were considerably reduced when tap water was used in TMS 4(2) 1425 but not in TME 2. Well water and a/c water performed equally well as double-distilled water in supporting plantlet growth and development. Almost all the plantlets grown in medium with fertilizer as macro-nutrient source did not survive while those grown in medium with multimineral tablet as micro-nutrient source appeared stunted. Most of those grown in medium with both fertilizer and multimineral tablet as macro- and micro-nutrient sources also did not survive. MS basal medium still proved to be the best in supporting plantlet growth and development, it was however the most expensive.
Combining ability and heterosis for fibre yield traits in Nigeria kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) Collections
(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2014) Akisanya, A. O.; Balogun, M. O.
Kenafas a renewable fibre crop is known to yield lower in Nigeria than in other countries of the world. An experiment was conducted at the University of Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria, where sixteen (16) crosses were made among four (4) Nigeria kenaf (Hibicuscannabinus) accessions to investigate the combining ability and heterosis for fibre yield traits in the hybrids. The parents and progenies were planted in three replicates in a randomized complete block design. Data were collected on plant height, stem diameter and girth at flowering and at harvest, as well as stalk weight at harvest and means separated at P=0.05. Results showed no significant differences among genotypes at flowering and for stalk weight at harvest. Higher general combining ability (GCA) over specific combining ability (SCA) was recorded for all characters at harvest. Only accession NHC 10(1) had a positive GCA for height at harvest (21.84) and girth at harvest (1.09). The highest SCA effects were recorded in cross NHC 10(1) X NHC 2(2) for all measured traits. In contrast, the highest positive mid-parentheterosis (28.02%) was obtained in the reciprocal cross NHC 15 X NHC 10(1)followed by NHC 2(2) X NHC 10(1) (25.76%) for HAH. Both crosses had parent NHC 10(1) to be one of their respective parents. Thus, this study identified hybrids NHC 15 X NHC 10(1) and NHC 2(2) XNHC 10(1) as promising for improvement of fibre yield traits. However, performances of these hybrids need to be evaluated in multi-locational and on-farm trials prior to commercial use.
Comparative effects of explant sources and genotypes on microtuberization in yams (Dioscorea spp.)
(Wiley InterScience, 2004) Balogun, M. O.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Shiwachi, H.; Ng, N. Q.; Fawole, I.
Single node cuttings of two genotypes each of Dioscorea alata and D. rotundata from both plants grown in screen houses and in vitro plantlets were cultured in a tuberization medium. The screen house explants had significantly higher plantlet tuberization and primary nodal complex formation, and more tubers and primary nodal complexes per plantlet than in vitro explants, whereas in vitro explants performed better only in nodes per plantlet. It appears that in vitro tuberization is explant- , species- and genotype-dependent, the greatest variation being due to explant source. This is a first report of microtuber production from nodal explants of D. rotundata produced in a screen house.
Development of high yielding, late maturing kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus) using gamma irradiation
(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2009) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Raji, J. A.; Ogunbodede, B. A.; Agbaje, G. O.; Adeyeye, O. O.
Effect of phytohormones and genotype on meristem and shoot tip culture of teifaira occidentalis hook F
(Elewa Biosciences Journals, 2012) Adesoye, A. I.; Okooboh, G. O.; Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Odu, B. O.
Objectives: The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of plant growth regulators (PGR), genotype and explant type on in vitro shoot induction, elongation, and multiplication in Telfairia occidentalis. Methodology and Results: In this study attempts were made to induce shoots from meristem and shoot tip culture of Telfairia occidentalis Hook F. Shoot apical meristems with 1-2 leaf primordia and shoot tip explants were aseptically isolated and cultured on ½ N6 medium supplemented with different combinations of 2mg/l BAP, IAA and kinetin. Explants were derived from seedlings of two T. occidentalis genotypes grown in sterilized soils inside vials in the laboratory. Regeneration response were examined based on five parameters – callus formation, shoot length, number of shoots per explant, number of leaves per explant and number of nodes. Shoot induction, elongation and multiplication were most effectively promoted by the medium supplemented with 2.0 mg/lBAP + 2.0 mg/l IAA for shoot tip culture, while 2.0 mg/l BAP was most effective for shoot regeneration from meristem culture. Genotype I was significantly higher than Genotype II in shoot bud regeneration response (p<0.05). Culture of explants from shoot tip led to better shoot egeneration in comparison to explants from meristem. Callus formation/induction was also influenced by explants and media interaction. Conclusion and Application of Findings: In vitro shoot induction from meristem and shoot tip culture of T. occidentalis has been demonstrated. These in vitro culture procedures would be useful for developing uniform clones or micropropagation and could also form the basis for in vitro storage of explants and subsequent regeneration of plantlets after long term conservation in this species. The recalcitrant nature its seeds makes alternative means of genetic resources conservation very necessary. More importantly, meristem culture technique is useful for developing virus-free clones and avoids the limitations imposed by conventional mode of planting. Calli produced could also be excellent targets for genetic transformation and improvement of this species.
Effects of particle size, stem component and genotype on absorbency of kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus L.) grown in Nigeria for oil spill clean-up
(Scientific Research Publishing Inc., 2016) Balogun, M. O.; Raji, A. O.
The efficacies of different products made from different parts of the stem of different varieties of kenaf grown in Nigeria as oil absorbents were tested. Particle sizes, genotypes and whether mixed or sole stem core or bast differed among the treatments. The fibre component sank in water, and so was not buoyant; the core was partially buoyant while the mixed fibre and core was completely buoyant. Sorption capacity was the highest in the ground whole stem (8.16 g oil/g sorbent), which also retained (6.31 g oil/g sorbent) the highest quantity of oil. Sorption and retention of oil were the lowest in the fibre (1.66 and 0.69 g oil/g sorbent, respectively). After the first use, only the ground stem can be used to re-absorb up to 1.97 g oil/g sorbent of used sorbent. A mixture of genotypes was more absorbent than a single genotype. The implications of these findings in absorbency research are discussed.
Effects of plant growth regulators and explant types on callus formation in African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst. Ex A. rich) harms)
(0075-5192, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of explant types and plant growth regulator regimes on callus induction in African yam bean, with a view to developing protocols for regeneration Leaf, stem and root explants of African yam bean were cultured in media containing different types and concentrations of plant grow& regulators (PGR). The explants were observed for callus formation after three months. The main effects of variety, explant and plant growth regulator regimes and their interactions were highly significant Highest callus formation was recorded in stem explant while the root explant had the lowest. The accession, SSSWN56 brown seed) had higher percentage callus formation than ssswN7s (grey seed). No callus was formed in hormone-free medium and the media containing indole acetic acid (IAA). One- hundred-percent callus formation was recorded for both accessions in the medium containing 1.5 mg/l each of kinetin and Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA). This medium is recommended for callus induction using stem explant and it will be useful in perfecting regeneration protocols for African yarn bean.
Effects of plant growth regulators on callus, shoot and root formation in fluted pumpkin (telfaira occidentalis)
(Academic Journals, 2007-02) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
Root and stem explants of fluted pumpkin were cultured in medium containing different types and concentrations of plant growth regulators (PGRs). The explants were observed for callus, root and shoot formation parameters after four months. Differences among explants, plant growth regulators and their interaction were not significant for number of roots per plantlet. Callus formation was higher in stem than root explants. Stem explants formed more callus in medium containing naphthalene acetic acid than that containing indole acetic acid while the trend was opposite with root explants. Root explants did not form shoots, leaves or nodes in any of the PGR regimes, while a concentration of 1.5 mg/l benzylaminopurine (BAP) induced the highest numbers of shoots, nodes and leaves per stem explant. There was no callus, shoot, node and leaf formation by both explants when cultured in medium without PGRs while root formation was minimal.
Effects of plant growth regulators on indirect somatic embryogenesis in kenaf (hibiscus cannabinus )
(The Genetics Society of Nigeria, 2006) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
To develop protocols for regeneration of kenaf via indirect somatic embryogenesis, hypocotyl and cotyledon explants of two genotypes were cultured at different 2,4- dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and kinetin concentrations. The highest callus yields were obtained in medium containing both 0.5mg of kinetin and 0.1mg of 2, 4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid per litre of medium. The calli were further cultured in twelve different media containing different plant growth regulators to induce somatic embryogenesis. Friable calli were mostly produced in one genotype (Ifeken400) and non-friable in the other (Ifeken400). Among the plant growth regulator regimes, media containing 3.0mg/I of kinetin and that containing 1.5mg/l each of kinetin and NAA did not support production of globular embryos in both varieties. The friable and non- friable caili were most responsive to kinetin and NAA respectively in terms of formation of torpedo embryos. The most advanced walking stick embryos were produced only in Ifeken400 in 1.5mg/l NAA. The importance of genotype and callus type in successful regeneration of kenaf by indirect somatic embryogenesis is discussed. Research is ongoing to achieve whole plantlet regeneration.
Evaluation and heritability studies of local lima bean (phaseolus lunatus L.) cultivars from South-west Nigeria
(Universidad de Oriente Press, 2007) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.
Seven local Lima bean cultivars were evaluated at Ile-Ife in the humid rainforest environment of south western Nigeria for two years. A randomized complete block design with three replications was used each year. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Pearson correlation and stepwise multiple regression analyses. Heritability estimates of 10 agronomic characters evaluated were also determined. Significant year and cultivar effects were observed for most of the characters. Seed yield ha-1 varied from 289.14 to 1358.74 kg. Only two cultivars had seed yield above 1000 kg ha-1, others yielded poorly. Seed yield had positive and significant correlation with branching height, number of seeds per pod, 100- seed weight and inter-nodal length. Results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that pod weight per plant, 100-seed weight and pod length were the main seed yield components in Lima bean and together they accounted for 98% of the variability. One hundred seed weight also had the highest broad sense heritability estimate of 98%. Characters such as pod length, mid leaflet surface area, pod weight per plant and inter-nodal length were moderately heritable. The implications of these findings in lima bean improvement were discussed.
Evaluation of photoperiod sensitivity and adaptation in Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus) in some Nigerian agro-ecologies
(Elsevier, 2012) Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Raji, J. A.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
Seven genotypes of Kenaf were grown in pots at controlled and natural photoperiod (PP) regimes in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria, to determine their PP sensitivities. Numbers of days to flowering and fibre yield were recorded. The same genotypes were grown on the field at Jos, Ibadan and Badeggi of high altitude, southern guinea savannah and forest agro-ecologies of Nigeria, respectively. Days to flowering, fibre and seed yields were recorded. Potted plants grown at natural PP flowered earliest, 54 days after planting (DAP) while they flowered at 118 DAP at 12 hours PP. IFEKEN DI400flowered 20 days later than other genotypes at both PP regimes, and was grouped as being relatively photo- insensitive. Fibre yield was significantly higher at natural than at 12 hours PP only in IFEKEN DI400, with highest mean yield of24.08g / plant. In the genotype x environment studies, IFEKEN DI400 was consistently latest to flower across locations with an average of 107 days. Mean fibre yield of 11,314.5kg/ha in Ibadan tripled that obtained in Badeggi and Jos. Genotype Tainung had the highest seed yield of 473.75g and 179.35g at Badeggi and Ibadan, respectively while the lowest seed yield 201.08g for Jos was recorded in genotype 8B. Badeggi is recommended for seed production while Ibadan is recommended for fibre production pending the availability of specifically adapted genotypes. The genotypes IFEKEN DI400, Tainung and 8B are candidate genotypes in breeding for high yield and adaptation to Nigerian agro-ecologies.
Fenugreek (trigonella foenum-graecum L.) seed: a review of physiological and biochemical properties and their genetic improvement
(Springer, 2014) Zandi, P.; Basu, S. K.; Khatibani, L. B.; Balogun, M. O.; Aremu, M. O.; Sharma, M.; Kumar, A.; Sengupta, R.; Li, X.; Li, Y.; Tashi, S.; Hedi, A.; Cetzal-Ix, W.
Discovering the complexity of seed structure and function along with a number of vital processes such as seed growth and development, germination are important factors in unlocking the secrets of consistent crop yield. Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.), a multi-purpose annual, dryland-adapted, forage, legume crop is cultivated in different parts of the world with great potential for introduction under suitable agro-climatic zones in sub-Saharan Africa and Latin America. Fenugreek seed is used extensively for its medicinal, pharmaceutical and nutraceutical properties. It is effective in the treatment of diabetes, hyperglycaemia (thyroxine-induced type) and hypercholesterolemia. This review discusses seed physiological processes and several important biochemical seed constituent, e.g., steroidal sapogenins (diosgenin), polysaccharide fiber (galactomannan), amino acid (4-hydroxyisoleucine), etc, with important medicinal and pharmacological characteristics impacting human and animal health. However, there are noticeable differences in the quality of several phytochemicals found in fenugreek seed possibly due to variations in plant genotypes and agroclimatic conditions under which the crop is grown. Hence, it is important to note that for consistent seed yield and quality of fenugreek cultivars there is an urgent need for continuing efforts in genetic improvements and in developing high yielding, disease and drought-resistant varieties suitable for different agro-climatic conditions. Therefore, in addition to the physico-biochemistry of fenugreek seed different approaches for genetic improvement have also been discussed.
Genetic characterization of Biochemical contents of pigeon pea (cajanus cajan millsp)
(Emerald Group Publishing Limited, 2009) Akande, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.
Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to characterize 25 collections of pigeon pea from south-west Nigeria using nutritional and anti-nutritional contents of the seeds. Design/methodology/approach – The nutritional and anti-nutritional constituents of 25 collections of pigeon pea were determined. Data collected were subjected to correlation, principal components and fastclus analyses. Findings – Ariation among the collections for the nutrient contents was low. Trypsin inhibitor content had the highest variability ranging between 21.74 and 35.43 Tiu/mg. Protein and trypsin inhibitor contents were significant and negatively correlated. The first three principal components explained 74.0 per cent of the total variation. Fastclus procedures grouped the collections into three. Members of cluster 1 had the highest value for protein and the lowest concentrations of the antinutritional factors (ANFs). Cluster 2 possessed relatively low protein with high level of ANFs while cluster 3 was intermediate between clusters 1 and 2 for most characters. Originality/value – The results indicate that members of cluster 1 with high protein and low levels of ANFs are good candidates in breeding/selecting pigeon pea cultivars with enhanced nutritional values
Genetic variation in nutritional properties of African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa hochst ex. A. rich. harms) accessions
(2017) Ojuederie, O. B.; Balogun, M. O.
The genetic variability in the mineral and proximate compositions of the seeds of 40 accessions and tubers of four accessions of African yam bean (AYB), an underutilized tuberous legume in sub-Saharan Africa, was investigated. Proximate parameters; moisture content, total ash, crude protein, crude fiber, crude fat, carbohydrate and mineral elements; calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, potassium and iron of the flours were determined according to standard methods. Highly significant differences (p< 0.001) were observed in proximate compositions of the seeds. Crude protein in the seeds ranged from 19.3% (TSs153) to 25.6% (TSs51) and 15.1% (AYB 57) to 15.9% (TSs107) in tuberous accessions. Crude protein, total ash and crude fat were the major contributors (80.2%) to variation in the proximate components of the seeds. Accessions TSs140 and TSs107 were high in crude fibre contents. Magnesium and potassium were prominent in seeds (454.2 mg, 100g-1 and 398.3 mg 100g-1) and tubers (166.7mg, 100g-1 and 1010.1 mg 100g-1) respectively. This study revealed the nutritional benefits of AYB seeds and tubers which could be used as an alternative source of protein, energy requirement and food supplement for human and livestock nutrition.
Genetic variation in nutritive and anti-nutritive contents of African yam bean (sphenostylis stenocarpa)
(Wiley InterScience, 2005) Ajibade, S. R.; Balogun, M. O.; Afolabi, O. O.; Ajomale, K. O.; Fasoyiro, S. B.
Seeds of 20 African yam bean collections were evaluated for nutritive and antinutritive contents. Anti-nutrients were negatively correlated with protein and carbohydrate contents. Principal component analysis and the Fastclus procedure showed that collections with high anti-nutrient contents had darker seed colour.
Interaction among cultural factors in microtuberization of white yam (dioscorea rotundata)
(Wiley InterScience, 2006) Balogun, M. O.; Fawole, I.; Ng, S. Y. C.; Shiwachi, H.; Kikuno, H.
Single node cuttings from pathogen-tested in vitro plantlets of white guinea yam (D. rotundata), cultivar TDr 93–23, were cultured in tuberization and half- and full-strength Murashige and Skoog media with 5% or 8% sucrose, with or without agar, in light or darkness and at 25 or 18°C. Microtuberization is influenced by interactions among the factors, but 25°C and daylight are critical.
Intraspecific variability in agro-morphological traits of African yam bean sphenostylis stenocarpa (hochst ex. A. rich) harms
(Korean Society of Crop Science and Springer, 2015) Ojuederie, O. B.; Balogun, M. O.; Akande, S. R.; Korie, S.; Omodele, T.
Intraspecific variabilities in 40 accessions of African yam bean (AYB) were assessed through characterization of 48 agromorphological traits for two cropping seasons between June and December 2011 and 2012. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, analysis of variance (ANOVA), correlation analysis, principal component analysis, and cluster analysis (Semi - partial R squared method). The accessions showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.05, P ≤ 0.01, P ≤ 0.0001) in 16 reproductive traits. Accessions TSs 66 (144.50 days), TSs 51 (144.67 days) and TSs 154 (144.67 days) were identified as early maturing accessions. The first five principal component axes explained 69.7% of the total variation with PC1 and PC2 contributing 38.9% to the total variation. Correlation coefficients were high and significant for yield traits. A highly significant correlation (r = 0.99***) was observed between seed yield (kg ha-1) and weight of total pods per plant. Tubers were produced from 42.5% of the accessions. The accessions of AYB were meaningfully grouped into five clusters at the R-squared distance of 0.04 similarity index. Phenotypically, AYB 57 and TSs 123 were the most similar accessions with the closest distance of 0.0071. Four seed shapes were identified; oval (82.5%), globular/round (5%), oblong (10%), and rhomboid (2.5%). In order to improve the yield of AYB, the number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, weight of total seeds per pod, and weight of total seed per plant are important determinant factors. The genetic variabilities observed in the traits studied could be utilised for improvement of AYB.
Kenaf utilization: Sustainable strategy for community integration in oil spill clean-ups in Nigeria's Delta
(Social Responsibility and Sustainability, 2014) Balogun, M. O.; Musa, I. O.
Mechanism for pollination in African yam bean
(African Crop Science Society, 2016) Ojuederie, O. B.; Balogun, M. O.; Abberton, M. T.
African yam bean (AYB) (Sphenostylis stenocarpa (Hochst Ex. A. Rich) Harms is a neglected and underutilised legume in tropical Africa. Its utilisation has been hampered by the presence of anti-nutritional factors and lack of improved varieties. The objective of this study was to investigate pollination and determine the rates of selfing and outcrossing in the species. Accession TSs5 had the highest fruit set (63.16%) in the open-pollinated breeding method; while AYB50 had the lowest value (46.61%). Seed set in the selfed accessions ranged from 91.45% (AYB50) to 94.97% (TSs66). Fruit set was highest in the open-pollinated breeding method, with a mean average fruit set of 51.32%. Significant differences (P < 0.01) were obtained in fruit set from accessions isolated with net bags which had the lowest seed set (88.91%) Seed set was highest (92.92%) in the selfed accessions. The self incompatibility index ranged from 1.33 to 2.26 and the rate of fruit set from artificial self-pollination was greater than 30% in the field, and the screen house showing that the species is highly self compatible. Selfing and outcrossing rates of 91.38 and 8.62% showed that S. stenocarpa is not an obligate selfer. AYB sets fruits and seeds when open pollinated, isolated, selfed or crossed with other accessions.
Microproagation of fluted pumkin by enhanced axilary shoot formation
(2002-05) Balogun, M. O.; Ajibade, S. R.; Ogunbodede, B. A.
In a bid to develop protocols for micropropagation of fluted pumkin (Telfairia occidentalis), single node cuttings of two genotypes, Telfairia occidentalis white and Telfairia occidentalis orange (ToW-1 and ToR-1 respectively) were cuItured in Murashige and Skoog medium but with four different combinations of kinetin and naphthalene acetic acid concentrations. The highest number of nodes per plantlet was obtained in the medium containing l=litre2.0mg/l kinetin which indicates suitability for micropropagation purposes. There was however, lack of root formation: Premature senescence was also significantly predminant in ToR-1 relative to ToW1. Optimum medium for Telfairia micropropagation appears to be genotype