Browsing by Author "Balogun F. M."

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20

A qualitative study on stakeholders’ perception of child car safety and acceptability of selected interventions to improve child-passenger safety practices in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch, 2016) Olumide A. O.; Adebayo E. S.; Cadmus E. O.; Folajimi Y.; Amodu O. K.; Balogun F. M.
Background: Child car-passenger safety practices remain low in Nigeria. Findings from the formative phase of a project to deliver an m-health intervention on child-passenger safety to mothers/caregivers attending selected child-immumzation clinics in Ibadan are presented in this paper. The aim of this study was to describe stakeholders’ awareness of child passenger safety measures; to determine the cost of child car seats and acceptability of interventions to improve child-passenger safety practices. Methods: Twenty-four key-informant interviews with traffic enforcement officers (four), physicians (five), and mothers of children (fifteen) ;and a market survey was conducted. Results: Physicians and traffic law enforcement officers were more knowledgeable about child passenger safety measures compared to mothers. Cost of infant seats ranged from N6, 000.00 - N36, 000.00 (USD27.9 - USD167.67) and toddler seats, N6, 000.00 - N81, 000.00 (USD27.95 - USD377.27). Acceptance of a mobile-phone intervention and its accompanying law enforcement was very high. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that an intervention to improve child-passenger safety practices using mobile technology is acceptable to stakeholders in the study area. The intervention should address caregivers’ misconceptions about current child passenger safety measures as this could further enhance compliance with these safety measures.
Access to the Intensive Care Unit by Severe Head Injury Patients
(Scientific Scholar, 2019) Balogun J. A.; Akwada O.; Awana E.; Balogun F. M.
Background The management of severe traumatic brain injury is directed at avoidance of secondary brain injuries. The intensive care unit (ICU) provides the ideal environment to achieving improved survival and functional outcome. The study sets out to identify the factors that determine the access of patients with severe head injury presenting at our hospital, to the ICU and their impact on outcome. Materials and Methods This was a longitudinal study at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Data of all consecutive severe head injury patients over a 9-month period, presenting to the accident and emergency department, was collected and analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-squared test. The level of significance was p < 0.05. Result There were 36 males (80.0%) in our study, with road crashes (25; 79.5%) as the most common mechanism of injury. Most patients (33; 73.3%) were transferred to our center after initial care in another hospital. Though 31(68.9%) patients had access to the ICU, they were all delayed, with the most common reason for the delay being lack of ICU space. More patients who got admitted into ICU (14; 45.2%) were alive at 28 days into admission (p = 0.04). The females (6; 13.3%) significantly survived till 28 days on admission compared with males (p = 0.03), but there was no difference in the survival rates between children and adults. Conclusion Our study underscores the need for ICU admission in these patients to optimize outcome and identify the non-availability of beds, as the most important cause of delayed access, as well as the need for increased manpower capacity and organized resource utilization.
Comparison of Haematologic parameters among adolescents with and without asymptomatic malaria in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Olad Resolution Print, 2022) Balogun F. M.; Ademola S. A.; Olutogun T.
Background and Objectives: Asymptomatic malaria results from partial immunity resulting from recurrent exposure to the malaria parasite and it has been shown not to be benign as it was earlier believed. Adolescents are likely to have partial immunity to malaria which can predispose them to the asymptomatic form of malaria, but malaria is understudied in this age group. This study was conducted to compare the haematologic parameters among secondary school adolescents with and without asymptomatic malaria in Ibadan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted and data regarding sociodemographic characteristics, presence or otherwise of malaria parasite (using microscopy) and haematological parameters (obtained using haematology auto- analyser and microscopy) were documented. Malaria parasite density was categorised as 1-100 and >100/μL. Other haematological parameters were classified as categorical variables. Associations were determined using Chi square test and level of significance was p<0.05. Results: A total of 103 students were recruited with a mean age of 15.6±2.02 years and 61(59.2%) were boys. Those from the low socioeconomic class were 86 (83.5%), 24 (23.3%) had asymptomatic malaria while 22 (21.4%) had parasite density of >100/μL. Haematological abnormalities detected were anaemia (11.7%), leucopenia (4.9%), thrombocytopenia (11.7%), reduced MCV and reduced MCH (88.3%). All participants had low MCHC. Abnormal peripheral blood film was found in 79.5% but this was not associated with the presence of malaria parasite. Older adolescence (age ≥ 15 years) was significantly associated with parasite density of>100/μL (p = 0.02) and a higher proportion of those from the low socioeconomic class had asymptomatic malaria (24.4% vs 17.6%). Conclusion: Although some haematologic parameters of the study participants were affected by asymptomatic malaria, there were other unexplained blood abnormalities. There is a need to address asymptomatic malaria among these adolescents and other causes of abnormal blood profile should be tackled.
Exploring the reasoned and reactive pathways for substance use by adolescents living in Nigerian urban slums using the Prototype Willingness Model: a case study
(Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2023) Balogun F. M.; Quadri O. H.; Adeladan L.
The process of initiation and continued use of substances among adolescents in Africa is understudied despite the high prevalence of substance use among them. Understanding the process that leads to the initiation and subsequent use of substances by adolescents is pivotal for focused and context-specific interventions to address the problem. This exploratory qualitative study used case study design to explore the life histories of three out-of-school adolescents with established substance use from selected slum communities of Ibadan, Nigeria. Content analysis was used for data analysis based on the constructs of the Prototype Willingness Model (PWM). There were two males and a female adolescents aged 15 and 18, and 17 years respectively. The initiation and subsequent use of substances followed both the reasoned and reactive pathways of the PMW. For the reasoned construct, there was a low perception of risk for the negative effects of substance use and both their peers, as well as younger family members used substances. Also, the reactive construct showed that prototype favorability of substance users was important for the initiation and subsequent substance use by the adolescents. Substance use was initiated in social settings and with peers. The PWM explained both initiation and subsequent substance use by these adolescents. Further studies with quantitative data could provide more details about the process of substance use based on PMW by adolescents in Nigeria.
Facilitators and barriers of healthcare workers’ recommendation of HPV vaccine for adolescents in Nigeria: views through the lens of theoretical domains framework
(BioMed Central., 2022) Balogun F. M.; Omotade O. O.
Background: The human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has demonstrated efficacy in the prevention of cervical cancer when given in early adolescence. The recommendation of the vaccine by health care workers (HCW) is crucial to the uptake of the vaccine by adolescents and the process of this recommendation is important as it determines subsequent uptake of the vaccine. Understanding of the facilitators and barriers of recommendation of this vaccine can help in the development of strategies to improve its recommendation rates and uptake. This study therefore explored the facilitators and barriers for the recommendation of HPV vaccine for adolescents by HCW in Ibadan, Nigeria using the Theoretical Domain Framework (TDF). Methods: Key informant interviews were conducted with 14 purposively selected HCW who were in charge of vaccination. Content analysis was used after deductive coding of the data using the domains of the TDF. Relevant concepts for facilitators and barriers of HPV vaccine recommendation and quotes were then identified. Results: Mean age of the HCW was 47.7 ± 6.5 years and they consisted of eight nurses, four medical doctors, one medical social worker and one health visitor. Ten domains of the TDF were represented among the facilitators and barriers against the recommendation of HPV vaccination by the HCW, except the goals; memory, attention, decision process; emotion; and behavioral regulation domains. The domains with the highest frequency of concepts were: knowledge, skills, social/professional role and identity, beliefs about capabilities, beliefs about consequences, intention and environmental context and resources. Domains with conflicting statements in the concept were: environmental context and resources, and beliefs about consequences. While those with perceived strength of concept were: social influences, reinforcement and optimism. Conclusion: All the 10 identified domains of the TDF are potential areas of focus for strategies for improving the recommendation of HPV vaccine for adolescents by health care workers in Nigeria and other countries with similar sociocultural settings.
Housing type and risk of malaria among under-five children in Nigeria: evidence from the malaria indicator survey
(Springer Nature, 2018) Morakinyo O. M.; Balogun F. M.; Fagbamigbe A. F.
Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (U5) children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a dearth of information on how housing type may influence malaria transmission among U5 children in Nigeria. This study assessed the relationship between housing type and malaria prevalence among U5s in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2015 Nigeria malaria indicator survey data was done. A representative sample of 8148 households in 329 clusters was selected for the survey. Children aged 6–59 months in the selected households were tested for anaemia and malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the microscopy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square (χ2) and logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Results: The odds of malaria infection was significantly higher among older children aged 24–59 months (aOR = 4.8, CI 2.13–10.99, p < 0.001), and children who lived in houses built completely with unimproved materials (aOR = 1.4, CI 1.08–1.80, p = 0.01). Other predictors of malaria infection include living in a rural area (aOR = 1.5, CI 1.25–1.91, p = 0.01), ever slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (aOR = 1.1, CI 0.26–4.79, p = 0.89) and in a room not sprayed with insecticide (aOR = 1.2, CI 0.64–2.31, p = 0.56). Children who were malaria positive showed a higher prevalence of severe anaemia on RDT (87.6%) and Microscopy (67.4%) than those who were not anaemic (RDT = 31.6%, Microscopy = 12.9%). Conclusions: Non-improved housing predicted malaria infection among U5s in Nigeria. Improved housing is a promising means to support a more integrated and sustainable approach to malaria prevention. Education of the Nigerian people on the role of improved housing on malaria protection and empowerment of the public to adopt improved housing as well as overall enlightenment on ways to prevent malaria infection can help to augment the current malaria control measures among U5 children.
Improving timeliness and completion of infant vaccination among infants in Nigerian urban slums through older women's participation
(Frontiers Media, 2022) Balogun F. M.; Bamgboye E. A.; Akindolire A. E.
Nigerian urban slums have a high population of infants with suboptimal vaccination despite previous interventions. Older women traditionally play supervisory roles in infant care in Nigeria but their influence is untapped in infant vaccination. This study sought to determine if training of older women (_35 years) in urban slum communities in Ibadan, South west Nigeria, and involving them in infant vaccination will improve infant vaccination timeliness and completion. This was a randomized experimental community study and pregnant women in their third trimester, residing in seven urban slum communities were randomized using their antenatal clinics (ANCs) into intervention (six ANCs) and control groups (six ANCs). The older women who will supervise the care of the infants of pregnant women in the intervention group had seven sessions of training on the importance of infant vaccination timeliness and completion. The vaccinations of the infants from both groups were compared from birth till 9 months. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test at a = 0.05. There were 96 older women, 198 pregnant women (105 in intervention group and 93 controls) and 202 infants (109 in intervention group and 93 controls). Infants in the intervention group (67.9%) significantly had both timely and complete vaccinations compared with those in the control group (36.6%). Vaccines given at birth were the least timely in both groups. More infants whose older women caregiver were married had timely and complete vaccinations. Also, a higher proportion of male infants, low birth weight babies and infants with older women caregiver with at most two children had timely and completed vaccinations but these were not statistically significant. Training of older women caregivers improved infant vaccination timeliness and completion in these urban slum communities. This model may improve infant vaccination in other similar urban slum settings.
Knowledge of HIV and intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and practices among senior school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Faculty of Basic Medical Scienecs, University of Ibadan. Ibadan, 2018) Ajide K. B.; Balogun F. M.
A high proportion of adolescents still engage in risky sexual behaviours that put them at risk of infection complications of risky sexual behaviours including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection despite the different interventions already in place. This study was designed to determine the adolescents’ knowledge of HIV, intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and sexual practices. A 3-stage sampling technique was used to select 240 adolescents in senior secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data were obtained using a pretested, semi-structured, self-administered questionnaire. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at 5% level of significance. The mean age of the respondents was 16.3±1.4 years and 126(52.5%) were females. Only 34.3% had good knowledge of HIV and there were misconceptions about its transmission. Most of the respondents (95.0%) had intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour and those with good knowledge of HIV were willing to engage in risky sexual behavour with familiar people. Good knowledge was associated with intention to engage in low-risk sexual behaviour. Seventy-nine (32.9%) were sexually active and they had better knowledge of HIV. Knowledge of HIV was low among this study group and was not associated with their intention to engage in risky sexual behaviour. There is need for more effective and appropriate school and community-based intervention programmes which can impact positively on the adolescents’ sexual behaviour.
Parental intention to vaccinate adolescents with HPV vaccine in selected communities in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria: an application of Integrated Behavioral Model
(Taylor and Francis Online, 2022) Balogun F. M.; Omotade O. O.
Parents have important roles to play for adolescents to get the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, an effective measure in the prevention of cervical and other HPV-related cancers. It is important to understand the intention of parents to have their adolescents vaccinated for optimal uptake of the vaccine in Nigeria. This study investigated the intention of parents in five selected communities to get their adolescents vaccinated with HPV vaccine in Ibadan, Nigeria using the Integrated Behavioral Model (IBM). Cross sectional study design was employed and 678 parents were interviewed. Pearson correlation, chi-square test and multiple regression were used for data analysis at α = 0.05. Mean age of the parents was 42.5 ± 10.0 years and 230(33.9%) were males. Almost all of the parents (96.8%) had the intention to vaccinate their adolescents with HPV vaccine. This intention was significantly correlated with experiential attitude (r = 0.74, p = <.01), instrumental attitude (r = 0.33, p = <.01), injunctive norm (r = 0.39, p = <.01), descriptive norm (r = 0.32, p = <.01), perceived control (r = 0.32, p = <.01) and self-efficacy (r = 0.46, p ≤ .01). A higher proportion of parents older than 65 years significantly had no intention to vaccinate their adolescents with HPV vaccine. Intention to vaccinate adolescents with HPV vaccine was predicted by experiential attitude (OR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.80– 0.95), personal agency (OR = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.15–0.29) and injunctive norm (OR = 0.08, 95% CI: 0.02–0.13). Parental intention to vaccinate adolescents with HPV vaccine was high among the parents in this study. The reluctance of older parents about HPV vaccine for adolescents requires further investigation.
Perceived societal view about condom use and risky sexual behaviour of never-married in-school adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Multifacism Institute of Child Health, 2019) Nwaiwu C.; Balogun F. M.
There are social factors, within the adolescent environment, that hinder condom use, in HIV prevention. It is therefore important to understand the perception of never-married adolescents towards societal support for condom use, the effectiveness of condoms and access to them. This study assessed the relationship between perceived societal views on condom use and the risky sexual behaviours of adolescents in secondary schools in Nigeria. An interviewer-assisted questionnaire was used to collect information from 420 never-married adolescents, in selected secondary schools, in Ibadan North-East local government area. Perceived societal view about condom use was assessed under support, effectiveness, access. Chi-square and logistic regression were used for data analysis at p<0.05. Mean age of the respondents was 14±1.54 years while 43.3% were males and 19.3% were sexually experienced. Seventy-two (17.8%) perceived societal high support for condom use, 150 (37.3%) believed condom was highly effective and 67(16.5%) had good access to condom. Males were more likely to perceive high support for condom use (AOR=3.17; 95% CI: 1.843-5.433) and high condom effectiveness (AOR=1.57; 95% CI: 1.036-2.374). Perceived support for condom use was significantly associated with multiple sexual partners, sexual activity under the influence of drugs and alcohol (AOR=4.19; 95% CI: 1.752-10.044, AOR=3.67, 95% CI: 1.524-8.851 and AOR=3.91, 95% CI: 1.598-9.575). Sexually experienced adolescents perceive more social support for condom use but had low perception about their access to condom and its effectiveness. Behavioural change efforts promoting condom use as a means of preventing consequences of unprotected sex including HIV should encourage societal acceptance for condom use among adolescents and support access to it as well.
Perception of in-school adolescents about adolescent-friendly characteristics of healthcare services received in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria
(Association of Resident Doctors, U.C.H. Chapter, 2019) Adeleke O.; Balogun F. M.
Introduction: Adolescence was previously assumed to be a diseases free stage of life. It is however now known that adolescents are not only involved in risky health behaviours but they also have their own share of health problems that other age groups face. The adolescent-friendly model helps to create adolescent-responsive health systems, Nigeria currently has no country-specific report on the adolescent friendly characteristics of the health services rendered to her adolescents. This study identified various health problems for which in-school adolescents in Ibadan North- East Local Government Area sought healthcare and determined their perception of received healthcare services with regards to its “adolescent-friendliness”. Methods: This was a school-based cross-sectional study that utilized quantitative method of data collection. A multi-stage systematic random sampling technique was employed to select 500 students for school survey. Self-administered, semi structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test at =0.05 were used for data analysis. Results: Perceived malaria (52.4%), acne (36.2%), menstrual pain (17.0%) and depression (3.0%) were the common health problems adolescents sought health care for. Majority of the adolescents perceived the health services received as being adolescent-friendly. These health services were perceived to be accessible by (87%), acceptable by (93.2%), appropriate by (81.4%), effective by (91.4%), and equitable by (82.2%) of the respondents. Adolescents who sought mental care perceived least adolescent-friendliness of received healthcare services. Conclusion: Adolescents in Ibadan currently view received health services as adolescent-friendly. However, the management of mental health problems in adolescents should incorporate adolescent friendly elements entrenched at every level of the health system.
Prevalence and predictors of problematic smart phone use among pre-varsity young people in Ibadan, Nigeria
(The PAMJ, 2020) Balogun F. M.; Olatunde O. E.
Introduction: smart phone possession and use among young people is on the increase in Africa and phone addiction has been shown to be similar to substance use dependence. However, there is barely any literature focused on the effect of smart phone use on young people in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence of problematic smart phone use and associated factors among prevarsity young people in Ibadan. Methods: problematic smart phone use was assessed using the 27-item mobile phone problem use scale and scored on a 5-point Likert scale. Scores 27-76 indicated low-moderate degree and scores ≥ 77 indicated moderate-severe degree of problematic smart phone use. Chi square test was used to compare problematic phone use with some selected respondents' characteristics and p was 0.05. Results: five hundred and seventy five participants were recruited, age range 14-24 years and 46.0% were males. Almost all (96.7%) of the respondents had smart phone access and 46.5% had moderate severe problematic phone use. Young people who were males, had their parents paying for the data they use, had high extroversion, low conscientiousness and low intellect scores were likely to have problematic phone use. The identified predictors for problematic phone use were male gender (OR=1.77, 95% CI: 1.26-2.50), high extroversion (OR=1.68, 95% CI: 1.16-2.43) and low conscientiousness (OR=2.09, 95% CI: 1.41-3.09). Conclusion: there was a high rate of problematic phone use among these young people. Interventions to promote responsible smart phone use are required to counter this problem.
Recognition and Disclosure of Medical Errors Among Residents in Surgical Specialties in a Tertiary Hospital in Ibadan
(Springer Nature, 2019) Balogun J. A.; Adekanmbi A.; Balogun F. M.
Background Medical error (ME) remains central to discussions regarding patient’s safety and its frequency appears high in surgical specialties because of some peculiarities. We set out to study the perception of surgical residents about medical errors, their ability to recognize them and predisposition to disclosing their errors. Methods This was a cross-sectional study among surgical residents at the University College Hospital, Nigeria. Data about their knowledge, perception and recognition of medical errors were obtained. Knowledge and practice of medical error disclosure was also examined. Each of these was scored on Likert scale and scores categorized. Chisquare test and logistic regression were used for analysis with p at\0.05. Results 92 residents participated and 11(12.0%) were females. 32.6% of the respondents had less knowledge about medical errors and these were significantly junior residents. Residents with poor perception about ME were 43.5% and recent involvement with ME was significantly associated with good perception about ME. Delay in obtaining consultation and delay in diagnosis were identified respectively as MEs by only 40(43.5%) and 31(33.7) of the Participants. While 82(89.1%) agreed that all errors should be reported to the consultant, only 20(21.7%) believed patients/relatives should be informed of all errors, while 49(53.3%) were well disposed to disclosing ME. Only 4(4.3%) residents had a formal training on ME. Conclusions Knowledge of ME was low among junior residents and residents are less likely to disclose error to patients/relatives. A formal training on ME will impact on their recognition, practice, and disclosure of ME.
Recurrent spinal bifida prevention and folic acid use
(Samdavies Publishers, 2021) Osuji P. N.; Balogun F. M.; Balogun J. A.
Background: Spinal bifida (SB) is a disabling congenital abnormality with folic acid (FA) deficiency, recognized as a predisposing factor. Existing literature reports reduction in its incidence following peri-conceptual supplementation with Folic acid. However, there is limited literature on maternal subsequent pregnancy following SB occurrence with regards to awareness and usage of folic acid supplementation and dietary consumption of folate in our local environment. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on the awareness and practice of peri-conception FA supplementation among mothers with children affected with SB, in affected and subsequent pregnancy, was done. Data was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire with analysis done with descriptive analysis. Results: There were 12 respondents with majority of them (91.7%) less than 30 years old at the time of their first pregnancy and the mean of current age was 24.8 + 1.3 years. While just 2(16.7%) used FA in the pre-conception period in the SB pregnancy, only eight (66.7%) of the mothers used FA in the pre-conception period of the subsequent pregnancy despite increased awareness from 8(66.7%) to 12(100%). The dietary consumption of folate rich food was poor. Subsequent pregnancies were planned and there was no recurrence Conclusions: Improvement in the peri-conceptual usage of folic acid in mothers with a child previously affected with SB and no recorded recurrence. National policies on folic acid supplementation and pre-conceptual care have been further validated.
Self-reported sleep pattern, quality and problems among schooling adolescents in Southwestern Nigeria.
(Nigerian Medical Association, Rivers State Branch, 2017) Balogun F. M.; Alohan A. O.; Orimadegun A. E.
Objective: Understanding sleep patterns and related factors is vital to development in adolescence, but there is a dearth of this information among adolescents in developing countries such as Nigeria. Therefore, this study describes the sleep patterns, problems, and predictors of poor sleep quality among schooling adolescents. Methods: In a cross-sectional study design, 450 adolescents were selected and interviewed about their sleep experience and problems over the preceding one-month period using a validated form with components adapted from the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, c2, and logistic regression model with p set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 13.4 ± 1.2 years. Only half (50.2%) had a global PSQI score of <6, suggesting little or no difficulty with sleep. Significantly, a higher proportion of respondents spent a short time in bed before sleep, _15 min among those who had good sleep quality (81.4%) compared with those who had poor sleep quality (65.2%) (p < 0.001). The odds of having poor sleep quality was significantly higher in the subgroup who had _8.5 h sleep than those who had 8.5 h sleep or more (adjusted odds ratio ¼ 4.62; 95% confidence interval ¼ 2.61, 8.17, p < 0.001). Conclusion: Remarkably poor sleep quality exists among schooling adolescents in Ibadan, Nigeria, and sleep problems are prevalent, especially among those with short sleep duration.
Sex inequality in under-five deaths and associated factors in low and middle- income countries: a Fairlie decomposition
(BioMed Central, 2022) Fagbamigbe A. F.; Morakinyo O. M.; Balogun F. M.
Background: There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results: Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countries except Liberia, Kyrgyz Republic, Bangladesh, Nepal, Armenia, Turkey and Papua New Guinea. Pro-female inequality was however not significant in any country. Of the 59 countries, 25 had statistically significant pro-male inequality. Different factors contributed to the sex inequality in U5D in different countries including birth order, birth weight, birth interval and multiple births. Conclusions: There were sex inequalities in the U5D in LMIC with prominent pro-male-inequality in many countries. Interventions targeted towards the improvement of the health system that will, in turn, prevent preterm delivery and improve management of prematurity and early childhood infection (which are selective threats to the male child survival) are urgently required to address this inequality.
Sexting: Prevalence, predictors and associated sexual risk behaviors among post-secondary school young people in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Frontiers Media, 2017) Olatunde O.; Balogun F. M.
Background and aims: Sending and receiving sexually suggestive or explicit images or texts (sexting) have been shown to be associated with health risk behaviors but liter-ature about this phenomenon is scarce in Nigeria. This study looked at the prevalence, predictors, and associated sexual risk behaviors of sexting among postsecondary school young persons in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study using a self-administered questionnaire. Data were obtained for sociodemographic characteristics and sexual orientation, sexting behavior, personality assessment (using the International Personality Item Pool Big-Five factor markers), indicators for problematic phone use (using Mobile Phone Problem Use Scale), and sexual behavior. Chi square test and logistic regression were used for data analysis with p = 0.05. Results: Five hundred seventy-five participants were recruited, age range 14–24 years, and 46.0% were males. Twenty percent had sent sexts, while 33.2% had received sexts. Fifty-four percent had high scores in extraversion, 46.5% had moderate–severe prob-lematic phone use. Sixteen percent had ever had sex, and 40.0% of these had multiple sexual partners. Males were more likely than females to have sent sexts (OR = 2.67, 95% CI: 1.68–4.24). Having a high extraversion score (OR = 2.44, 95% CI: 1.35–4.41) and moderate–severe problematic phone use (OR = 5.56, 95% CI: 2.73–11.32) was predictive of sexting. Sending and receiving of sext were significantly associated with ever having sexual intercourse (OR = 4.01, 95% CI: 2.25–7.17 and OR = 2.96, 95% CI: 1.72–5.12, respectively). Conclusion: Sexting was prevalent among postsecondary school young persons in Ibadan and was associated with male sex and problematic phone use. Intervention targeted at the identified susceptible group of young people may reduce its associated problems in this study group.
She must have been sleeping around” Contextual interpretations of cervical cancer and views regarding HPV vaccination for adolescents in selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria
(PLoS ONE, 2018) Balogun F. M.; Omotade O. O.
Background Human Papilloma virus (HPV) vaccines for adolescents are pivotal in the control of cervical cancer, the commonest women specific malignancy in sub-Saharan Africa. Knowledge about cervical cancer have been reported to be low in Africa but expressed acceptability for HPV vaccines have been high. The reason for this mismatch is not clear. An understanding of the interpretation of cervical cancer and views about HPV vaccine are important as they can affect actual decision making regarding adolescents' uptake of HPV vaccine. This study explored contextual interpretations of stakeholders regarding cervical cancer and HPV vaccines for adolescents in five selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Methods Qualitative data were collected through twenty focus group discussions among parents of adolescents, religious and traditional leaders, school teachers and adolescents; and four key informant interviews with the identified traditional healers in the selected communities. Constant comparison analysis was done after transcription. Results Almost every group had at least one person who had seen a cervical cancer patient. Cervical cancer was widely viewed as being caused by promiscuity of women while older participants believed that the alteration of lifestyle by civilization was a major contributory factor. There was also a general notion that it was due to a curse. The role of HPV was generally not known. Most participants were favorable towards HPV immunization for adolescents, but traditional healers and some religious leaders were not. The high cost of the vaccines and possibility of side effects where the main concerns about the introduction of HPV vaccine. Decision to take the vaccine rest with the fathers whose views were heavily influenced by traditional and religious leaders. Conclusions Awareness about cervical cancer may not be as low as earlier reported and there were many misconceptions about cervical cancer in the study communities. It is important to address these misconceptions to ensure successful introduction of HPV vaccine for adolescents in future.
Stated preferences for human Papillomavirus vaccination for adolescents in selected communities in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria: A discrete choice experiment
(2022) Balogun F. M.; Omotade O. O.
Administration of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in early adolescence is effective in preventing cervical cancer, a common cancer in sub-Saharan Africa. Nigeria is in the pre-introduction era of the HPV vaccine. Understanding the preferences of the population for the vaccine can help design the HPV immunization program to ensure high uptake of the vaccine. This study explored the preferences for the HPV vaccine among stakeholders in selected communities in Ibadan, Nigeria. A discrete choice experiment survey based on six attributes of the HPV vaccine (which were the number of doses, the efficacy of the vaccine, cost of the vaccine, location of the service point, other benefits of the vaccine apart from prevention of cervical cancer and the odds of a side effect from the vaccine) was carried out in five communities. Data were analyzed using conditional and mixed logit models. Seven hundred community members were recruited, 144 (20.7%) were adolescents and 248 (35.4%) were males. In line with expectations, respondents preferred vaccines with higher efficacy, less severe side effects and lower costs. Preference heterogeneity was identified for adolescents that were less price-sensitive and other community members who were less likely to prefer using schools as the service point. The high socio-economic class preferred a vaccine that also prevents genital warts. There were variabilities in the preferences for the attributes of the HPV vaccine in the study communities. These variabilities need to be considered in the introduction of the HPV vaccine to ensure high uptake of the vaccine.
Trends of infant vaccination timeliness and completion in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria: A four-year review
(PLoS ONE, 2023) Balogun F. M.; Bamgboye E. A.; Orimadegun A. E.
Background Suboptimal infant vaccination is common in Nigeria and multiple interventions have been deployed to address the situation. Child health indicators are reported to be worse in urban slums compared with other urban areas, but urban data are usually not disaggregated to show these disparities. Examining the timeliness and completion of infant vaccination in urban slums is important to determine the effectiveness of existing interventions in improving infant vaccination among this vulnerable population. This study explored the trends of infant vaccination in selected urban slum communities in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria between November 2014 and October 2018. Methods This was a cross sectional study where infant vaccination data were extracted from the immunization clinic records of six primary health care centers that were providing infant vaccination services for seven urban slum communities. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi square test at α = 05. Results A total of 5,934 infants vaccination records were reviewed, 2,895 (48.8%) were for female infants and 3,002(50.6%) were from Muslim families. Overall, only 0.6% infants had both timely and complete vaccination during the four years under study. The highest number of infants with timely and complete vaccination were seen in 2015(12.2%) and least in 2018 (2.9%). Regarding timeliness of the vaccines, BCG, was the least timely among the vaccines given at birth and the pentavalent and oral polio vaccines’ timeliness reduced as the age of the infants increased. Both yellow fever and measles vaccines were timelier than th(12.1%). Those from Muslim families significantly had delayed and incomplete vaccinations compared with those from Chrisitan families (p = 0.026). Conclusion Infant vaccinations were significantly delayed and incomplete in the study communities during the years reviewed. More focused interventions are required to ensure optimal vaccination of the infants. epentavalent vaccines. Vaccines were most timely in 2016(31.3%) and least timely in 2018