Browsing by Author "Bamgboye, E. A."

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A comparative analysis of fertility differentials in Ghana and Nigeria
(Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 2014) Olatoregun, O.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, O. J.; Yusuf, O. B.; Bamgboye, E. A.
Nigeria and Ghana are the most densely populated countries in the West African sub-region with fertility levels above world average. Our study compared the two countries’ fertility levels and their determinants as well as the differentials in the effect of these factors across the two countries. We carried out a retrospective analysis of data from the Nigeria and Ghana Demographic Health Surveys, 2008. The sample of 33,385 and 4,916 women aged 15-49 years obtained in Nigeria and Ghana respectively was stratified into low, medium and high fertility using reported children ever born. Data was summarized using appropriate descriptive statistics. Factors influencing fertility were identified using ordinal logistic regression at 5% significance level. While unemployment significantly lowers fertility in Nigeria, it wasn’t significant in Ghana. In both countries, education, age at first marriage, marital status, urban-rural residence, wealth index and use of oral contraception were the main factors influencing high fertility levels.
A survival analysis model for measuring association between bivariate censored outcomes: validation using mathematical simulation
(Scientific & Academic Publishing, 2017) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Adebowale, A. S.; Bamgboye, E. A.
Bivariate censored data occur in follow-up studies of events that can result in two different outcomes. Many studies have explored methods for inference about the marginal recurrence times of these outcomes. However, very few have focused on the dependence structures between their occurrences or recurrence times especially when these outcomes are censored as evidence in the current study. This theoretical and empirical study used simulated data to monitor and validate the survival analysis model for measuring association between recurrence times of bivariate censored outcomes. Bivariate outcomes would naturally fall into one of four possibilities: only the first, only the second, none or both conditions occurring with different and distinct likelihoods. Using predetermined correlation coefficients, n=100000 bivariate standardized binormal data were simulated. The simulated data were then subjected to different censoring chances while contributions of the likelihoods of the four possibilities were examined and Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of the association parameter determined. For the data simulated at 50% censoring, MLE of the association parameter tended to zero as the predetermined correlation coefficients fell from +1.0 to -1.0. However, at 0% censoring, the MLE were approximates of the predetermined correlation coefficients. The developed model was robust as the model responded adequately to the dynamics of the predetermined correlation and censoring conditions. The model would be appropriate in studying associations between two censored survival times.
Acceptability of child adoption as management option for infertility in Nigeria: evidence from focus group discussions
(2009) Oladokun, A.; Arulogun, O.; Oladokun, R.; Morhason-Bello, I. O; Bamgboye, E. A.; Adewole, I. F.; Ojengbede, O. A.
Infertility remains a global health challenge with devastating psycho-social consequences in many African communities. Adoption that may serve as an alternative strategy for the affected couples is not widely practiced. This study was conceptualized to assess the acceptability of child adoption as a management option by Nigerians. Twelve focus group discussions were held involving three communities stratified into inner core, transitory and peripheral, within Ibadan metropolis, South-Western Nigeria from May to July 2008. The participants were purposively selected based on gender and age group. The barriers mentioned were cultural practices, stigmatization, financial implications, and procedural bottle-necks. Measures suggested to curb these negative attitudes were advocacy, community mobilization and enactment of supportive law that will protect all parties involved
Contextual interpretation of COVID-19 pandemic among public space users in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria: An ethnographic review
(Public Library of Science (PLOS), 2021) Omobowale, M. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Akinyode, A.; Falase, O. S.; Ladipo, T.O.; Salami, O.; Adebiyi, A.O.
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all dimensions of lives and has become a social problem as it continues to spread widely through the continuous interactions of people in public spaces where they earn a living. Curbing the spread of COVID-19 requires restrictions in these public spaces, however, the compliance to these measures depends largely on the understanding and interpretations of COVID 19 by users of these public spaces. This study examined the contextual interpretations of public space users about COVID-19 prevention in Ibadan Metropolis, Oyo State. The study was a rapid ethnographic survey in selected public spaces (markets and commercial motor parks) in Ibadan metropolis. Data were collected through participant observation, key informant interviews (3 females; 3 males) and indepth interviews (30) with, traders, head porters, clients/buyers and commercial vehicle drivers in these public spaces. Interviews conducted were transcribed, sorted into themes using Atlas-ti 7.5.7 and subjected to interpretive-content analysis. Findings revealed that some respondents felt COVID-19 was brought into Nigeria by rich frequent global voyagers, others felt it was through “uncultured” sexual life or wrath of God. Some also doubted the existence of the disease and many of the respondents perceived COVID-19 as a disease reported by the government or a political propaganda to siphon funds. The users of the public spaces in Ibadan Metropolis have variegated perception about the existence and severity of this rapidly spreading virus and this has grave implications for COVID-19 control in the State. Thus, regular interaction with public space users are essential for control efforts
Contraceptive use: implication for completed fertility, parity progression and maternal nutritional status in Nigeria
(Women's Health and Action Research Centre, 2011) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.
The study identified socio-demographic factors influencing contraceptive use while using nutritional status, completed fertility and parity progression as key variables. NDHS, 2008 dataset on married women aged 45-49 was used. Chi-square, ordinary linear and logistic regression models were used for the analysis. The mean age of the women and CEB were 46.8±1.5 years and 6.9±3.1 respectively. About 26.0% of the women ever used contraception, while 9.0% of the women were underweight. Parity progression from parity 0 to 4 was consistently higher among never-users than women who ever used contraception. The tempo changes for all parities above four as ever-users now progress at lower rate during these periods. The completed fertility and the risk of undernourishment were significantly higher among never users of contraception than ever users. The level of risk persists even when the potential confounding variables were used as control
Controlling malaria in pregnancy: how far from the Abuja targets?
(Dutch Malaria Foundation, 2016) Yusuf, O. B.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Ajayi, I. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Ngige, E.; Issa, K.; Abatta, E.; Ezire, O.; Amida, P.; Bashorun, A.
Background. The Roll Back Malaria (RBM) initiative recommended that all pregnant women receive Intermittent Preventive Treatment (IPTp) and that by 2010 at least 80% of people at risk of malaria (including pregnant women) use insecticide-treated bednets (ITN) in areas with stable transmission. We evaluated ITN/IPTp coverage, explored its associated factors, and estimated the number of pregnancies protected from malaria. Materials and methods. This analysis was based on data from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS Plus). To assess ITN coverage, we used the population of women that was pregnant (n=22,438) at the time of the survey. For IPTp coverage, we used women that had a live birth in the 5 years preceding the survey (n= 118,187) and extracted the population of pregnant women that, during their last pregnancy, received drugs for protection against malaria. We estimated the number of live births using the projected population of females in each state, population of women of child -bearing age and the total fertility rate. The estimated number of pregnancies covered/protected by ITN and IPTp was obtained from a product of the estimated live births and the reported coverage. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine factors associated with ITN and IPTp use. Results. We estimated that there were 5,798,897 live births in Nigeria in 2012, of which 3,537,327 and 2,302,162 pregnancies were protected by ITN and IPTp, respectively. Four of 36 states achieved the 80% RBM target for ITN coverage. No state achieved the 100% target for IPTp. Education and socio-economic status were associated with IPTp use. Conclusion. ITN coverage was higher than in previous estimates even though it is still below the RBM targets. However, IPTp coverage remained low in 2012 and was not likely to increase to match the 2015 target coverage of 100%.
Correlates of the quality of life of adolescents in families affected by HIV/AIDS in Benue State, Nigeria.
(Routledge Taylor & Francis Group, 2015) Akpa, O. M.; Bamgboye, E. A.
It was estimated that over 260,000 children are living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (HIV/AIDS) while close to 2 million are directly or indirectly affected by the disease in Nigeria. Improvements in treatments for infected children have been documented in the literature but there is gross knowledge gap on the impact of HIV/AIDS on the quality of life and psychosocial functioning (PSF) of affected children in Nigeria. We comparatively explored the association of quality of life with PSF and other factors among adolescents in families affected by HIV/AIDS (FAHA) and in families not affected by HIV/AIDS (FNAHA). Data were extracted for 960 adolescents from a State wide cross-sectional study in which participants were selected through multistage sampling techniques. Data were collected using question naires consisting of demographic information, adapted World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF and the strength & difficulty questionnaire (SDQ). The quality of life scores were categorized into poor, moderate, and high based on the amount of standard deviation away from the mean while the SDQ scores were categorized into normal, borderline, and abnormal based on the SDQ scoring systems. The chi-square test and the independent t-test were used for bivariate analyses while the logistic regression was used for multivariate analyses at the 5% level of significance. The proportion with poor quality of life (27.0%) was significantly higher among adolescents in FAHA than in FNAHA (p = 0.0001). Adolescents in FAHA (OR:2.32; 95%CI: 1.67—4.09) were twice more likely to have poor quality of life than those in FNAHA. In FAHA, adolescents on the borderline of PSF (OR:2.19; 95%CI: 1.23-3.89) were twice more likely to have poor quality of life than those with normal PSF. Adolescents in FAHA have poor quality of life than those in FNAHA and also face additional burden of psychosocial dysfunctions. Interventions focusing on functional social support and economic empowerment will benefit adolescents in FAHA in the studied location.
Demographic factors in HIV infected patients seen at UCH, Ibadan, Nigeria.
(2005) Ola, S. O.; Ladipo, M. M. A.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Odaibo, G. N.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Nwaorgu, O. G. B.; Shokunbi, W.; Olaleye, O. D.
"There is a rising rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in Nigeria. Good knowledge of the demographic characteristics of the patients with HIV/AIDS may be of great importance in understanding its epidemiology in Nigeria and could facilitate efforts at curtailing the spread of the infection. The study was planned to determine the demographic factors in Nigerian patients with HIV infection. The study was conducted at the University College Hospital (U.C.H), Ibadan, located in the South West of Nigeria. It was a retrospective study of patients with HIV infection attending the U.C.H. from 1988 to 2002. The data collected from the clinical records of the patients with HIV infection included age, sex, marital status, number of spouses, tribe, occupation, education and their religious affiliation. A total of 460 patients aged 1-76 years with peak at 30-34 years were studied. The male/female ratio was 1.06 and the males were the older group. Traders accounted for 40% with female preponderance while the artisans (19.9%) and the military (2.9%) were mostly males. The patients were of Yoruba (70.6%), Igbo (20.0%) and Hausa (9.1%) races. Among the patients with marital status, majority (71.4%) were married while those separated and widowed accounted for 3.5% and 2.6% respectively. Also, a higher proportion of the female HIV patients were Christians whereas the majority of the males were of Islamic religion. Although, there was a low frequency of records on education, the males had better formal education. In conclusion, the study shows that HIV infection is presently an adult disease affecting the most productive segment of the Nigerian population regardless of the individual occupation, educational status, tribe and religious affiliation. Also, it shows that the infection could be associated with heterosexual intercourse."
Derivation and appraisal of maternal mortality estimates in Nigeria from the 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, 2017) Akinyemi, J. O.; Yusuf, O. B.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Kawu, I. B.; Ngige, E.; Amida, P.; Bashorun, A.
Background Despite the huge burden of in Nigeria, accurate and reliable data fur maternal mortality measurement arc locking The federal Ministry of Health in collaboration with development partners included questions that allow indirect estimation of maternal mortality m us 2012 National HIV/AIDS and Reproductive Health Survey (NARHS) The aim of this paper was to derive estimates of Maternal Mortality Ratio (MMR) and Lifetime Risk of maternal death (LTR) from the 2012 NARHS data Methods: This was a secondary analysis of data from the maternal mortality module of NARHS 2012. During the survey, respondents (men aged 15-59 years and women aged 15-49 years) were selected via a multi-stage cluster sampling technique and data collected by trained field workers. In this study, report on survival or otherwise of adult female siblings were analysed to derive estimates of life tune risk of maternal death using the indirect sisterhood method. Results: Data from 15,596 men and 15,639 women were analysed A total of 12.810 adult female siblings had been exposed to the risk of death out of which 377 (2.9*4) have died of the 377 adult female deaths. 70 (18 6%) were pregnancy related the estimates of LTR and MMR were I in 71 women and 256 (95% CT. 196 - 316) maternal deaths per 100,000 live births respectively. There were north-south and rural-urban differences. Conclusion: The high level of maternal mortality is worrisome, concerted efforts aimed at reduction and provision of routine data for its measurement should be intensified.
Gender variation in self-reported likelihood of HIV infection in comparison with HIV test results in rural and urban Nigeria
(Biomed Central, 2011) Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Akinyemi, J. O.; Adedokun, B. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.
Background: Behaviour change which is highly influenced by risk perception is a major challenge that HIV prevention efforts need to confront. In this study, we examined the validity of self-reported likelihood of HIV infection among rural and urban reproductive age group Nigerians. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study of a nationally representative sample of Nigerians. We investigated the concordance between self-reported likelihood of HIV and actual results of HIV test. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to assess whether selected respondents’ characteristics affect the validity of self-reports. Results: The HIV prevalence in the urban population was 3.8% (3.1% among males and 4.6% among females) and 3.5% in the rural areas (3.4% among males and 3.7% among females). Almost all the respondents who claimed they have high chances of being infected with HIV actually tested negative (91.6% in urban and 97.9% in rural areas). In contrast, only 8.5% in urban areas and 2.1% in rural areas, of those who claimed high chances of been HIV infected were actually HIV positive. About 2.9% and 4.3% from urban and rural areas respectively tested positive although they claimed very low chances of HIV infection. Age, gender, education and residence are factors associated with validity of respondents’ self-perceived risk of HIV infection. Conclusion: Self-perceived HIV risk is poorly sensitive and moderately specific in the prediction of HIV status. There are differences in the validity of self-perceived risk of HIV across rural and urban populations.
Haematological profile of healthy pregnant women in Ibadan, South-western Nigeria
(Taylor and Francis, 2006) Akingbola, T. S.; Adewole, I. F.; Adesina, O. A.; Afolabi, K. A.; Fehintola, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Aken’Ova, Y. A.; Shokunbi, W. A.; Anwo, J. A.; Nwegbu, M. M.
There is a dearth of information on the reference values for haematological indices particularly according to the relevant trimesters of pregnant women in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to provide reference values for Nigerian pregnant women. The study took place at the Adeoyo Maternity Hospital and the University College Hospital, both in Ibadan. This descriptive study was carried out over a period of 8 months. Subjects were apparently healthy pregnant women that satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The mean values (and 95% confidence intervals, CI) of haematological indices were as follows -- First trimester: Haemoglobin (Hb) 112.44 (101.64 - 123.25) g/l, haematocrit (hct) 35 (32 - 38)%, WBC 5.488 (4.025 - 6.950) x 10(9)/l and platelet counts 227.56 (165.21 - 289.90) x 10(9)/l;Second trimester: Hb 100.39 (97.85 - 102.92) g/l, hct 29.3 (28.5 - 30.1)%, WBC 6.57 (6.19 - 6.95) x 10(9)/l, platelet count 229.56 (211.86 - 247.26); and the Third trimester: Hb 98.06 (96.12 - 100.00) g/l, hct 29.4 (28.7 - 29.9)%, WBC 6.92 (6.53 - 7.30), platelet count 186.52 (177.67 - 195.38) x 10(9)/l. These results were compared with those of 52 non-pregnant age matched women volunteers as controls whose mean haematological indices and 95% CI were: Hb 120.51 (116.61 - 124.41) g/l, hct 36 (25 - 48)%, WBC 5.28 (2.9 - 8.7) x 10(9), platelet count 330.87 (176 - 538) x 10(9)/l. The following haematological indices: WBC, platelet counts, RBC, PCT, and PDW, of women between the trimesters showed statistical significance (p value < 0.001 in each case). The WBC is inversely proportional to the PCT and the MCV in the pregnant women was slightly raised. In this study, pregnancy is characterised by lowest values of haemoglobin parameters in trimester three and there are statistically significant differences between the WBC, platelet counts, RBC, PCT, and PDW of women between the three trimesters.
The Ibadan glaucoma study
(2003) Agbeja-Baiyeroju, A. M.; Bekibele, C. O.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Omokhodion, F.; Oluleye, T. S.
To obtain epidemiological data on the prevalence and risk factors for open angle glaucoma in hospital workers of African origin, and investigate appropriate methods of a rapid, cost-effective screening procedure for glaucoma. A cross-sectional study of workers in the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan, using a structured questionnaire for data collection. The variables available for data analysis include workers demographic characteristics, visual acuity, pupil status, intraocular pressure, cup-disc ratio, central visual fields, family history of glaucoma, chronic diseases such as hypertension and diabetes. The data was analysed with EPI-INFO version 6.02 for simple analysis, while the SPSS package was used for multivariate analysis. A total of two thousand, one hundred and nine (2, 109) UCH workers participated in the screening exercise for glaucoma. A high majority of the workers 1794 (85.1 %) were negative to the diagnosis of glaucoma, while the remaining 315 (14.9%) were suspected to have glaucoma out of which 57 (2.7%) were confirmed as definite glaucoma cases. The prevalence of glaucoma among UCH workers was 27 per 1000, 95%, confidence interval = 20 per 1000,35 per 1000. Factors associated with glaucoma were relative afferent pupillary defect, cup-disc ratio greater than 0.7, intraocular pressure, family history of glaucoma and the presence of chronic diseases such as diabetes. The left eye appears to have a higher probability of ocular problems compared with the right eye. The prevalence of glaucoma among hospital workers was 2.7% The cup-disc ratio appears to be a better diagnostic tool for glaucoma since it gives the best positive predictive value (with a cut-off point of 0.7) than all other variables.
Medical statistics: a microscope for health and disease
(Ibadan University Press, 2006) Bamgboye, E. A.
Modelling morbidity related absenteeism among workers in University of Ibadan Community, Nigeria: Poisson regression
(Academic Journals, 2011) Apau, G. S.; Fagbamigbe, A. F.; Adebowale, S. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.
Globally, sickness absenteeism is a contemporary public health problem, particularly in developing countries. However, very few studies had addressed the theoretical and methodological aspects of health related absenteeism among University workers. A retrospective study of sickness records of 4447 employees of University of Ibadan made available at the University Staff Clinic (Jaja). The health records of each staff for the whole 12 months in 2007 were reviewed. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Poisson distribution model was used in the data modeling. The prevalence of sick-off leave at the staff clinic was 4.7%. Also, 12.4% of all the staff had been sick at least once during the study period. There was a slight differential in absent rate by sex, age, marital status and years of service. However, differential existed in absent rate among subgroup of workers by different occupational groups and staff category. Majority of the spells lasted for between one and two days. The Poisson regression model showed that staff category and occupational group are the only predictors of days sick-off. Among the dependent variables considered, only sick-off days followed Poisson distribution model. Also, Poisson regression model is adequate to describe and predict the pattern of sickness absenteeism in the study area.
Occult HBV infection among a cohort of Nigerian adults
(Creative Commons Attibution, 2009) Ola, S. O.; Otegbayo, J. A.; Odaibo, G. N.; Olaleye, D. O.; Summerton, C. B.; Bamgboye, E. A.
"OBJECTIVE:To determine markers of HBV infection and detect the presence of its occult infection in serum of a cohort of adult Nigerians. METHODOLOGY:The study involved 28 adult Nigerians with viral hepatitis (Group 1) and 28 apparently healthy adult Nigerians as controls (Group 2). Their sera were assayed for HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe, anti-HBc, anti-HBs, and anti-HCV, while HBV DNA was determined in 15 patients with chronic hepatitis. Significance of differences between the patients and control subjects was assessed using Chi-square test at a 95% confidence level. RESULTS:Sero-detection of HBsAg, HBeAg, anti-HBe and anti-HBc was higher among the patients compared to the controls. HBV infection was diagnosed by HBsAg (89%) and a duo of HBsAg and anti-HBc (100%) among the patients. Similarly, eleven and four types of different patterns of HBV markers were observed among the respective groups. Anti-HBe (9.5%), anti-HBc (14.3%), and anti-HBs (9.5%) were detected among all the subjects who were sero-negative for HBsAg. HBV DNA was also detected in 86.7% of the 15 patients with chronic hepatitis, while occult HBV infection was observed in 7.2% of the patients and none (0%) of the controls, p < 0.05. Furthermore, HCV infection occurred among subjects with all the different patterns of HBV markers, except those with occult HBV infection and natural immunity to HBV. CONCLUSION:This study shows that occult HBV infection is present among Nigerian adults and determination of HBsAg, anti-HBc, anti-HBe, and HBV DNA will assist in its detection."
Re-analysis of Nigerian 2006 census age distribution using growth rate and mortality level
(Population Association of Southern Africa, 2014) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.
The usefulness of human population age structure in public health research is enormous, but age misreporting and an incomplete Vital Registration System (VRS) in Nigeria constitute a serious challenge. Age misreporting affects the true estimate of basic demographic parameters which are part of yardsticks for measuring the growth, development and well-being of a nation, thus the need to refine the age structure in Nigeria is important. This study was conceived with the view to refining the 2006 census age distribution using growth rate and mortality level. The Logit transformation system and Coale-Demeny life-table were used for data analyses. This study revealed that there was a gross age misstatement across all age categories, but age errors were more pronounced among females than males. The pattern of either under-reporting or over reporting of ages was similar for both sexes. Also, there was tendency to under-report ages 0 to 19 years and above 55 years, whereas gross over-reporting of age was observed in ages between 20 and 55 years. Good VRS and showing certificate of birth as evidence of age during census enumeration will reduce the errors in age reporting in future censuses in Nigeria.
Rural-urban differential in maternal mortality estimate in Nigeria, sub-Saharan Africa
(Cenresin Publications, 2010) Adebowale, S. A.; Fagbamigbe, F. A.; Bamgboye, E. A.
In developing countries, the traditional sources of demographic statistics in which the estimates of demographic indices are based are either non-existence or incomplete. Data requirements on maternal deaths are always very large and costly. The indirect method (sisterhood method) for estimating maternal deaths was designed primarily as check to these problems. The study used Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS), 2008 data. A total of 18,250 (6,894 urban and 11,356 rural) adults responded to questions essential for the estimation of maternal mortality. The P/F ratio method was used to adjust the total fertility rates (TFR) in urban and rural areas. Thereafter, the life-time risks of maternal deaths (LTRMD) were estimated for the two areas. These were later converted to maternal mortality ratio (MMR). Data analyses revealed that the adjusted total fertility rates for urban and rural areas were 5.26 and 7.12 respectively. The LTRMD in urban was 0.0221 (1 in 45) whereas, in rural area it was 0.0309 (1 in 32). These results correspond to MMR of 424/100,000 and 440/100,000 live births in urban and rural areas respectfully. These are not far from the national estimate of 436/100,000 live births as evidence in this study. This method provided a robust estimate of MMR in both urban and rural areas and shows that the MMR in Nigeria is reducing. However, the figures at the two locations are still high. Government and international agencies should put appropriate mechanisms in place for further reduction in the prevalence.
The state of radiology subspecialty training in the west African subregion: the residents' perspective
(Association of Radiologists of West Africa, 2013) Atalabi, O. M; Adekanmi, A. J.; Bamgboye, E. A.
Background/Aim: Radiology residency was initiated nearly 30 years ago in the west African subregion, but accompanying formal subspecialty training has been developed within the 30 year time span. In contrast, subspecialization has evolved over the past 25 years in developed countries. The aim of this study was to determine residents' perspective about radiology subspecialization training in west africa. Materials and Methods: Semi- structured, self- administered electronic questionnaire were sent to residents at different levels of training via-email and during update courses. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 15.0(BM) package. Quantitative variables were expressed using summary statistics including means and medians. Descriptive analysis was performed for the qualitative variables using frequencies, proportions and charts. Statistical significancwe was set at the 5% level using two tailed P values. Results: There were 117 respondents 85(72.6%) males and 32(27.4%) females. A total of 110 (94%) were aware of the various subspecialties in radiology with neuroradiology being identified by all as seperate subspecialty. Interventional radiology topped the choice of subspecialty with 61(52.1%) respondents, and 67(57.3%) would prefer that subspecialties be introduced in phases. Ultrasound, basic x-ray, momography equipment, and computed tomography scanners are availabe in many of the training centers. 116(99.1%) of the resident believed that there is a need for subspecialization in the subregion. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates the need for subspecialzation in west Africa. To achieve this goal, collaboration and support from well-established radiology residency and fellowship training programs based in developed countries is necessary.
Statistical analysis and inferences
(The Postgraduate School, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, 2005) Bamgboye, E. A.; Lucas, E. O.; Agbaje, B. O.; Adewale, G.; Ogunleye, B. O.; Fawole, I
The adolescents’ psychosocial functioning inventory (APFI): scale development and initial validation using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis
(African Journal for the psychological study of social issues, 2015) Akpa, O. M.; Bamgboye, E. A.; Baiyewu, O.
Most of the existing measures of psychosocial functioning among adolescents are developed outside Lower-middle income countries (LMIC). Measures relevant to the LMIC setting will provide opportunity to assess the functioning of adolescents in these settings based on their background or context. The Adolescents’ Psychosocial Functioning Inventory (APFI) which addresses relevant challenges and expectations of adolescents in the LMIC settings was developed to bridge this gap in knowledge. A total of 753 adolescents from purposively selected secondary schools participated in this study. Preliminary analyses were performed using descriptive statistics. The underlying factor structure of the APFI was explored using Exploratory and confirmatory Factor Analysis. Chi-square Goodness of Fit (CGF) and other fit indices were used to assess model fit. Cronbachs alpha was used to assess the reliability of the items and subscales of the APFI. The final model derived from the factor analyses yielded a 23-item three-factor model that provided the best fit to the data. Estimate of overall reliability of the APFI scale was   0.83 while all three factors/subscales: Optimism and Coping Strategy (OCS), Behaviour and Relationship Problems (BRP), and General Psychosocial Dysfunctions (GPD) had moderate to high reliability (   0.59 for OCS,   0.57 for BRP and   0.90 for GPD). The CGF yielded 2 / df  3 =1.58 while all other fit indices were in the acceptable range. The three-factor model APFI is a reliable measure for assessing psychosocial functioning among adolescents in the LMIC.