Browsing by Author "Bello, F. A."

Now showing 1 - 19 of 19

Acceptability of counselling and testing for HIV infection in women in labour at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(The Faculty of Medicine, Makerere University, 2011-03) Bello, F. A.; Ogunbode. O. O.; Adesinsa, O. A.; Olayemi, O.; Awonuga, O. M.; Adewole, I. F.
Background: Many patients are referred to labour ward as emergencies, and therefore do not benefit from the antenatal HIV counselling and testing and treatment offered to registered patients. Objective: To assess the acceptability and suitability of offering HIV counselling and testing to women of unknown HIV status presenting in labour. Methods: A cross-sectional study comprising counselling and obtaining consent for HIV testing among 104 unregistered patients who presented in labour over a 3-month period. Rapid and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay screening was performed for 90 consenting respondents. Reactive results were confirmed by Western blot. Appropriate therapy was instituted. Results: Acceptance rate for HIV testing was 86.5%, prevalence of HIV was 6.7%. Women of lower educational status were more likely to accept testing in labour (OR: 0.3; 95% CI: 0.1-0.7; p=0.01); age, parity, occupation and knowledge of HIV had no influence. Most women (66.3%) had satisfactory knowledge of HIV. No one admitted to feeling coerced to test in fear of being denied care. Most refusals for screening were to avoid needle pricks (28.6%). Compared to ELISA screening test, specificity of the rapid test was 100%, sensitivity 85.7%, positive predictive value 100% and negative predictive value 98.8%. Attitude to testing was maintained on post-partum re-evaluation. Conclusion: The prevalence of HIV amongst unregistered parturients showed the importance of offering point-of-care HIV testing and intervention, especially in an environment where antenatal clinic attendance is poor. Rapid testing appeared to be acceptable and feasible in labour to prevent the mother-to-child transmission of HIV.
Adverse childhood experiences and risky sexual behaviour among undergraduates in Ibadan
(Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), 2015) Ogunbode, O. O.; Bello, F. A.; Sekoni, O.O; Ogunbode, A. M.; Akinola, I. T.; Adeniyi, A. A.
Attitude to caesarean section amongst antenatal clients in Ibadan, Nigeria
(College of Health Sciences, University of Ilorin, 2011-01) Bello, F. A.; Olayemi, O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adekunle, A. O.
This was a cross-sectional study carried out on 372 clients receiving antenatal care at a rural, suburban and urban centres, in order to assess the acceptance of caesarean delivery amongst them and the factors influencing their attitude. Caesarean section was acceptable to 65.7%. Many respondents will refuse the surgery, because they do not think abdominal delivery is natural or necessary. However, if indicated by their health caregiver to be necessary to save life, 78.3% would comply. Others would leave for a religious healing home, another hospital, a traditional birth attendant or be delivered at home. The cultural reasons why some women decline include feeling that caesarean delivery is due to “spiritual attacks”, retribution for maternal infidelity and failure of a woman to fulfil her reproductive function. Respondents were more likely to accept the surgery if they had heard of it before or had a previous caesarean delivery. They were less likely to accept it if they were Christians or attended the rural health centre. Age, parity and educational level had no influence. Only 4% of the respondents would request a caesarean section for non-medical reasons. Health education needs to be carried out in the community, as well as during antenatal classes, to address the cultural beliefs. Means of involving religious bodies in enlightenment campaigns to improve women's attitude should be explored.
Awareness and practice of dual contraception among female tertiary institution students in Ibadan, Nigeria.
(2016) Bello, O. O.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Bello, F. A.
Introduction: Preeclampsia is a common complication of pregnancy and a major cause of maternal morbidity. Pathogenetic explanations for preeclampsia include: Maladaptation of the immune system to paternal antigens and exaggerated maternal inflammatory response to trophoblastic tissue. Immune deficiency, induced by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or any other cause, could, therefore, inhibit a tendency to immune hyper‑reactivity and thus theoretically prevent the development of preeclampsia. The study aims to explore the role of the immune theory of preeclampsia by comparing the prevalence of preeclampsia among HIV‑positive and HIV‑negative pregnant women. Materials and Methods: The study was a cross‑sectional survey of pregnant women, beyond 28 weeks gestation, who delivered at the University College Hospital, Ibadan between 1st October 2011 and 31st December 2011. Data was collected using a prespecified proforma. The analysis was performed using SPSS version 17.0 and P value was set at <0.05. Results: A total of 766 women who gave birth during the study met the inclusion criteria. Among the cohort, HIV prevalence rate was 7.2% whereas preeclampsia was 10.7%. None of the HIV‑positive women had preeclampsia. Conclusion: This study suggested that the prevalence and perhaps, risk of developing preeclampsia is reduced among HIV positive women. This is similar to other studies done in various countries in the world. There is a need for further study as it may prove valuable in the management and prevention of preeclampsia.
Chlamydial infection, plasma peroxidation and obesity in tubal infertility
(2011-12) Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Oni, A. A.; Taiwo, V. O.; Bello, F. A.
Background: Genital tract infections and obesity are both sources of oxidative stress. Alterations in immune and antioxidant parameters may arise from this or from an indeterminate autoimmune mechanism. Objective: This study aimed to investigate the association of Chlamydial infection, obesity and oxidative response with tubal infertility in Nigerian women. Methods: It was a case-control study of 40 women with tubal infertility and 32 fertile women, respectively, recruited from the Infertility and Family Planning Clinics respectively, of the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria. Anthropometric indices were measured in each subject and endocervical swabs were taken to screen for current genital tract infection. Antioxidant, hormonal and immunologic analysis were performed on serum. Results: None of the subjects had current genital tract infections. Chlamydia trachomatis IgG positivity was significantly higher in infertile than in fertile subjects [OR 4.33; 95%CI (0.078-0.681)]. No significant variations were observed in the anthropometric indices, antioxidant parameters and hormones between infertile and the fertile women. Body mass index correlated positively with oxidative stress in infertile subjects. Waist and hip circumferences correlated negatively with oestradiol in women with tubal infertility. Conclusion: Chlamydial infection is associated with tubal factor infertility, however, obesity seems to increase oxidative stress and reduce fertility potential in women with tubal factor infertility.
Cytokine profile in Nigerians with tubal infertility
(Termedia Publishing House Ltd, 2016) Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Taiwo, V. O.; Bello, F. A.; Bin, L.; Oni, A. A.
Background: Immune response to genital Chlamydia trachomatis infection is involved in both immunity and pathology. The cytokine profile during infection has been implicated in the disease outcome, either resolution or severe sequelae. Serum cytokines of Chlamydia positive Nigerian women with tubal infertility were assessed to determine their possible relationship with tubal occlusion. Material and methods: One hundred and fifty age-matched consenting women (100 fertile and 50 with tubal infertility) were recruited based on C. trachomatis antibody positivity and grouped into infertile Chlamydia positive (CTpos) women (n = 50), fertile Chlamydia positive women (n = 50) and fertile Chlamydia negative (CTneg) women as controls (n = 50). High vaginal swabs and endo-cervical swabs were collected for microscopy, culture and gram staining. Cytokines [transforming growth factor β1 (TG F-β1), interferon γ (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin (IL )-4, IL -10 and IL-17A] were estimated by ELISA in sera. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, χ2 and Spearman’s correlation at p = 0.05. Results: Lower IFN-γ levels were observed in infertile women compared to fertile women. Fertile CTneg women had significantly higher TNF-α, and TGF-β1 compared to fertile and infertile CTpos women, respectively. Lower IL-10 levels were seen in fertile CTpos women compared to the infertile CTpos group. Vaginal discharge was negatively correlated with TNF-α and IFN-γ and positively with IL-4 in Chlamydia positive women. Conclusions: Chlamydia positive women with tubal infertility have higher IL -10 and lower IFN-γ levels than controls, which may contribute to their development of tubal pathology.
Decision-to-Delivery intervals and perinatal outcome following emergency cesarean delivery in a Nigerian tertiary hospital.
(2016) Bello, F. A.; Tsele, T. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.
"Objective: To determine the decision-to-delivery interval (DDI) for emergency cesarean deliveries (CDs) at a tertiary center in Nigeria, to evaluate causes of delay, and to assess the effects of delays on perinatal outcomes. Methods: Between September and November 2010, a prospective, observational study was undertaken at University College Hospital, Ibadan. Events that occurred after a decision to perform an emergency CD were recorded. Associations between outcomes and the DDI were analyzed. Results: Among 235 emergency CDs included,5 (2.1%) occurred within 30 minutes and 86 (36.6%)within 75 minutes. The mean DDI was 119.2±95.0minutes. Among CDs with a DDI of more than 75 minutes, logistic factors were the reason for delay in 65 (43.6 %) cases. No significant associations were recorded between DDI and the 5-minute Apgar score, admission to the special-care baby unit, or perinatal mortality (P N 0.05 for all). In multivariate analysis, neonates delivered after 75 minutes were significantly less likely to die during the perinatal period than were those delivered within this period (odds ratio 0.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03–0.66; P = 0.01). Conclusion: Institutional delays in CDs need to be addressed. However, the DDI could be less important for perinatal outcome than are some other factors, such as the severity of the indication. "
Endometriosis and associated symptoms among nigerian women
(Elsevier Ireland Ltd, 2015) Adeniran, O. F.; Bello, F. A.; Ogunbode, O.; Odukogbe, A. A.; Nkwocha, G. C.; Nnoaham, K. E.; Zondervan, K. T.; Akintan, A.; Abdus-Salam, R. A.; Okunlola, M. A.
Objective: To determine the prevalence of endometriosis and identify associated symptoms among Nigerian women. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a center in Ibadan, Nigeria, between October 2008 and December 2010. All women aged 18–45 years scheduled for their first diagnostic laparoscopy for gynecologic indications were enrolled. Participants completed a previously validated self-administered questionnaire. Endometriosis was diagnosed on the basis of visual evidence. Results: Among 239 women analyzed, 115 (48.1%) had endometriotic lesions. Endometriosis was more common among women reporting dysmenorrhea and pelvic pain than among those not reporting these symptoms (20/28 [71.4%] vs 95/211 [45.0%]; P = 0.009). Women who reported dysmenorrhea were significantly more likely to have endometriosis than were those without dysmenorrhea (90/171 [52.6%] vs 25/68 [36.8%]; P = 0.027). The risk of endometriosis was not significantly increased in women with one pain symptom (odds ratio [OR]1.69; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.67–4.27), but was significantly increased in women with two (OR 2.70; 95% CI 1.13–6.52) or three (OR 4.87; 95% CI 1.88–12.82) pain symptoms (χ2 trend = 15.5; P b 0.001). In a multivariate logistic regression model, only pain other than dysmenorrhea or dyspareunia independently predicted endometriosis (P=0.017). Conclusion: Endometriosis is fairly common among Nigerian women. Efforts to increase the awareness of endometriosis among the public, researchers, and clinicians are needed.
Female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital chlamydia infection in tubal factor infertility
(Avicenna Research Institute, 2015) Nsonwu-Anyanwu, A. C.; Charles-Davies, M. A.; Taiwo, V. O.; Bin, L.; Oni, A. A.; Bello, F. A.
Background: Genital Chlamydia infection (GCI) and the associated pathologies have been implicated in tubal infertility. Though the actual pathologic mechanisms are still uncertain, oxidative stress and other factors have been implicated. The purpose of the study was to determine the possible contribution of female reproductive hormones and biomarkers of oxidative stress in genital Chlamydial infection to tubal occlusion. Methods: This prospective case control study was carried out by recruiting 150 age matched women grouped into infertile Chlamydia positive women (n=50), fertile Chlamydia positive women (n=50) and fertile Chlamydia negative women as controls (n=50). High vaginal swabs and endocervical swabs were collected for screening Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Treponema pallidum, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. Sera were collected for estimation of Chlamydia trachomatis antibody, female reproductive hormones [Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Oestradiol (E2), Progesterone (P4), Prolactin (PRL)] and biomarkers of oxidative stress [Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) and 8-hydroxyl-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)] by enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Data were analyzed using chi square, analysis of variance and LSD Post hoc to determine mean differences at p=0.05. Results: Among women with GCI, higher levels of LH and 8-OHdG were observed in infertile Chlamydia positive women compared to fertile Chlamydia positive women (p<0.05). Higher levels of LH and 8-OHdG and lower TAC levels were observed in infertile Chlamydia positive women compared to fertile Chlamydia negative controls (p<0.05). Conclusion: Mechanisms including oxidative DNA damage and reduced antioxidant capacity may be involved in the pathology of Chlamydia induced tubal damage.
Informed consent for caesarean section at a nigerian university teaching hospital: patients' perspective
(Journalgurus, 2015-04) Ogunbode, O. O.; Oketona, O. O.; Bello, F. A.
Background: Caesarean section is one of the commonest obstetrics surgery and has become increasingly safer compared with the early 20th century. The practice of informed consent has also become universally adopted for surgical procedures. However, with increasing knowledge about ethics and rights, issues on consent is one of the frequent grounds for litigation and malpractice claims. Aims and Objectives: To audit the process of informed consent for emergency and elective caesarean section in a Nigerian tertiary health care setting. Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study involving 150 patients who had caesarean delivery at the study site within the study period. Results: The mean age of the respondents was 32±1.8 years with 118(79%) of the surgeries being emergency Cesarean sections. The consent for CS were mostly given by the patients (96, 64.0%) and husbands (43, 28.6%). Majority of the respondents 123(81.5%) had the consent obtained in the labour ward with profuse bleeding (86.0%) and blood transfusions (88.7%) being the most commonly discussed risks. Many of the respondents expressed satisfaction with the consent form and felt it was well written (75.3%), attractive (76.0%) and simple to read (75.3%). Conclusion: This study found out that although patients were satisfied with the consent process for caesarean section, only information about major risks was commonly discussed. There is therefore the need for customized and detailed consent forms to be adopted for different surgical procedures.
Knowledge and perception of pregnant women to episiotomy in Ibadan.
(2017) Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Bello, F. A.
Background: Episiotomy is the most common obstetric procedure for prevention of perineal laceration during childbirth. In order to further involve women in the decision-making process for their care, understanding their perception of common obstetric procedures will contribute to practical discussions on the gaps that need to be filled. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive survey of consenting pregnant women attending antenatal clinic at the University College Hospital, Ibadan. Information on their socio-demographic data, knowledge and perception about episiotomy was obtained using an interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 18.0. Results: A total of 304 women were interviewed, of which 199 (65.5%) had ever heard about episiotomy. Among those ever heard, 62 (31.2%) have had personal experience with 10 (16.1%) reporting sexual dysfunction as complication. Only 60 (19.7%) are ever willing to accept episiotomy while 172 (56.6%) will advise friends and relatives against acceptance. Only parity is significantly associated with knowledge (X2 – 15.08, p<0.001) while age is associated with previous experience (X2 – 22.92, p<0.001). Previous experience had no effect on willingness to accept repeat episiotomy (OR = 1.24; 95% CI: 0.63 – 2.44). Health workers are the main source of information. Conclusion: Parturients in our environment are yet to accept episiotomy due to inadequate information as many of them believed it is unnecessary. Sessions on intrapartum interventions in obstetrics need to be further integrated into our antenatal care services.
Perception and practice of emergency contraception among female Undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Nigeria
(Elsevier, 2009) Bello, F. A.; Olayemi, O.; Fawole, A. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Sobukunola, T.; Adesina, O. A.; Aimakhu, C.; Okunola, A.
Objective To assess perception and level of proper utilization of emergency contraception (EC) among female undergraduates. Methods Cross-sectional questionnaire study was performed on 383 female undergraduates in Nigeria in June 2006. Data analysis was with χ-square test and logistic regressions (P<0.05). Results One hundred and five (48.2%) had been sexually exposed. Only 32 (30.5%) used regular contraception. Seventy-three (24.3%) female undergraduates were aware of EC. Only 29 (7.6%) had used EC before. Most would not use emergency contraceptive drugs in future due to lack of awareness (64.8%), and fear for future fertility and of drugs being injurious to health. Use of EC was associated with awareness of correct interval for use (OR=9.1; 95%CI: 2.1-39.9). Conclusion There is poor knowledge about EC and poor use, while significant need remains. Most knowledge was acquired from peers and inaccurate. Peer educators are important and professionals’ knowledge needs improvement.
Potential of Senecio Biafrae (Sierra Leone Bologni) to contribute to improved livelihood in Ekiti State
(2007) Ajewole, O. I.; Adegeye, A. O; Bello, F. A.
Serum adiponectin levels in normotensive and pre-eclamptic women at the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2018) Akinpelu, O. M.; Bello, F. A.; Awolude, O. A.; Adetayo, C. O.; Akinwunmi, B. O.; Odukogbe, A. A.
Background: Adiponectin is a hormone produced mainly by adipocytes. The levels of adiponectin are inversely related to insulin resistance, hypertension and obesity. Physiological insulin resistance is exaggerated in pre-eclamptic women. The objective of the present study was therefore to compare serum adiponectin levels in pre-eclamptic patients and normotensive patients. Methods: This prospective study was conducted among one hundred and twenty women. Purposive sampling technique was used to select all consenting participants, consisting of sixty pre-eclamptic patients as cases and sixty normotensive pregnant women at comparable gestational age as control. Concentration of serum adiponectin was measured by using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Results: Serum levels of adiponectin were significantly higher in the pre- eclamptic group(p<0.001). Body mass index was also significantly higher in women with pre eclampsia (p<0.01).In the pre-eclamptic patients, serum levels of adiponectin showed a weak negative correlation with BMI (r= -0.16, p= 0.22) and no correlation was found in normotensive patients. Conclusion: This study showed a clear distinction in the serum adiponectin concentration between preeclamptic and normotensive pregnant women. The impact of BMI on serum adiponectin in both groups also differs. Therefore, serum adiponectin may be useful in predicting pre-eclampsia.
Sexual violence against female undergraduates in a nigerian tertiary institution
(Journalgurus, 2014-04) Ogunbode, O. O.; Bello, F. A.; Ogunbode, A. M.
Background: Worldwide, violence against women is becoming an increasingly recognized pandemic issue necessitating eradication and elimination. It occurs in various forms with resultant physical, sexual or psychological consequences. However, there is still denial and paucity of literature about the magnitude and pattern of this problem in Nigeria. Objective: This study was designed to determine the patterns of sexual violence among female undergraduates including their perceptions and attitude. Methods: It was a descriptive cross-sectional questionnaire based study involving 388 female undergraduates of the University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique using their halls of residence was used to select participants. The results were analyzed using statistical package for SPSS software version 16.0. The p-value was set at 0.05. Results: The mean age of respondents was 20 years and 382 (98.5%) of them were single. Only 31.2% were sexually exposed and the average age of sexual debut was 18 years. Most (78, 64.1%) cases of the first sexual intercourse occurred voluntarily. Two hundred and sixty two (67.6%) respondents had experienced at least one form of sexual abuse in the past. The commonest coercive sexual behaviour experienced was unwanted touching (53.4%). The perpetrators were mostly casual friends (63.7%) and most reported these incidences to friends. The respondents demonstrated good knowledge but poor attitude about sexual abuse. Eighteen (10.7%) admitted to prior rape which was mainly perpetrated by strangers with half admitting it adversely affected their relationship with the opposite sex. Conclusion: Sexual violence occurs in this environment but mainly goes unreported. There is good knowledge about the issues of sexual violence but there is need for improved attitude and reporting by victims.
The Woman Trial - Overview and progress
(Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), 2011) Bello, F. A.; Aimakhu, C. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adeyemi, A. B.; Oluwasola, O. A.; Olayemi, O.; Fawole, A. O.
The woman trial: overview and progress
(Onemedia Studios, Bodija, Ibadan., 2011) Bello, F. A.; Aimakhu, C. O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Adeyemi, A. B.; Oluwasola, T. O. A.; Olayemi, O.; Fawole, A. O.
Use of amniotic fluid lactate concentration in prediction of dysfunctional labour at the University College Hospital, Ibadan.
(2023) Tsele, T. A.; Oluwasola, T. A. O.; Bello, F. A.; Yusuf, B. O.; Odukogbe, A. A.
Introduction: Dysfunctional labour is a common indication for instrumental vaginal delivery or cesarean section. Raised myometrial lactate level following prolonged uterine activities has been shown to cause inhibition of contractions (poor or uncoordinated) and lack of progress or dysfunctional labour. Therefore, determining the amniotic fluid lactate concentration (AFLC) in labour may be a potential biochemical marker for labour dystocia and a good predictor of labour outcome. Methodology: We recruited booked, consenting parturients in active phase of labour into a cross-sectional study between September 2014 and March 2015. Amniotic fluid samples were taken twice – at initial vaginal examination or during artificial rupture of membranes and at delivery while the AFLC was determined using a primed lactate meter. Results: The main outcome measure was the mean AFLC. Of the 113 parturients with mean age of 30.49 ± 4.37 years, the overall mean AFLC was 18.94 ± 4.84 mmol/L while 10 (8.8%) had dysfunctional labour. Mean AFLC for parturients who had vaginal delivery was 18.76 ± 4.90mmol/L and 17.42 ± 5.26 mmol/L at first and second samplings while for those who had cesarean deliveries, mean AFLCs were 20.80 ± 2.75 and 18.24 ± 3.59 at the two samplings respectively. The cut–off for AFLC that best discriminated between normal and dysfunctional labour was 19.80 mmol/L. Conclusion: High levels of AFLC may play a role in predicting dysfunctional labour among pregnant women in labour.
Willingness of nigerian women to sue in the event of medical negligence.
(Society of Gynaecology and Obstetrics of Nigeria (SOGON), 2010) Aimakhu, C. O.; Olayemi, O.; Ogunbode, O. O.; Bello, F. A.; Adekunle, A. O.