Browsing by Author "CADMUS,S.I.B"

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    Genetic diversity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex strains isolated from livestock workers and cattle in Nigeria
    (2019) ADESOKAN,H.K; STREICHER,E.M; HELDEN,P.D.V; WARREN,R.M; CADMUS,S.I.B
    molecular typing techniques are useful in understanding tuberculosis epidemiology;yet,they have been under-utilized at the human-animal interface in nigeria. Sixty-four mycobacterium tuberculosis complex(MTBC) isolates including 42 M. tuberculosis,13 M. bovis and nine M. africanum obtained from livestock workers(LW,n=47) and their cattle (n=17) in three geographical zones of Nigeria were genotyped to identify and evaluate the genetic diversity of the circulating MTBC using spoligotyping. distribution into clades of M. tuberculosis revealed;45.3% Uganda I-[SIT46-cattle: 1;LW:28], 14.1% latin american mediterranean-[SIT61,cattle:LW:8], and 1.6% T-[SIT53_LW:1]. The M. bovis strains were 6.3% SB0944[CATTLE:4] and 1.6% each of SB0300,SB1026,SB1027 and SB1439[CATTLE:4]. Seventeen MTBC isolates [cattle:7;LW:10] yielded 14 new spoligotype patterns including three M. tuberculosis strains (three isolates), five M. bovis strains (five isolates) and sixM. AFRICANUM STRAINS (NINE ISOLATES), two of which belonged to MAF1. only few families namely, the not previously described Uganda i-,LAM and SB0944 are predominant among the LW and cattle, with other types in lower prevalences. the strain population structure indicates an intriguing diversity and possible zoonotic linkage with consequences for TB control in the country. the need to employ newer molecular techniques such as mycobacterial interspersed repetitive unit-variable number tandem repeats and whole genome sequences to decipher circulating MTBC strains in Nigeria is advocated.
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    Sero-epidemiological survey and risk factors associated with brucellosis in dogs in south-western Nigeria
    (2015) CADMUS,S.I.B
    Introduction: In Nigeria, there is limited information on brucellosis particularly in dogs, despite its public health implications. We undertook a sero-epidemiological survey of brucellosis in dogs to determine the prevalence of the disease and associated risk factors for its occurrence in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to screen dogs in south-western Nigeria for antibodies to Brucella sp using the rapid slide agglutination test (RSA) and Rose Bengal test (RBT), with positive samples confirmed respectively by serum agglutination test (SAT) and competitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA). Data were analyzed with STATA-12. Results: From the 739 dog sera tested, 81 (10.96%) were positive by RSA and 94 (12.72%) by RBT; these were corroborated with SAT (4/81; 4.94%) and Celisa (1/94; 1.06%), respectively. Logistic regression identified location (OR=0.04; 95% CI: 0.02-0.09), breed (OR=1.71; 95% CI: 1.34-2.19), age (OR=0.10; 95% CI: 0.04- 0.30) and management system (OR=8.51; 95% CI: 1.07-68.05) as risk factors for Brucella infection by RSA. However, location (OR=10.83; 95% CI: 5.48-21.39) and history of infertility (OR=2.62; 95% CI: 1.41-4.84) were identified as risk factors using RBT. Conclusion: Given the 10.96% to 12.72% seroprevalence of brucellosis recorded in this study, we advocate control of the disease in dogs, and public health education for those at risk of infection. Again, further studies are required to elucidate the role of dogs in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria considering the conducive human-animal interface and ecological factors responsible for the transmission of the disease.