Browsing by Author "Cadmus, S.I.B."

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Gastrointestinal helminths in slaughtered cattle in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria
(Hindawi, 2014-10) Adedipe, O.D.; Uwalaka, E.C.; Akinseye, V. O.; Adediran, O. A.; Cadmus, S.I.B.
As part of an ongoing project to investigate the epidemiology of gastrointestinal helminths of cattle in Nigeria, we carried out a systematic random sampling of cattle slaughtered in a major abattoir in Ibadan, south-western Nigeria. Using sedimentation and floatation methods, we analyzed fecal samples from 397 animals between March and May 2013. Overall, 163 (41.6%) of the animals had at least one astrointestinal helminth egg, comprising a total of eight helminths from different genera (i.e., four nematodes, three trematodes, and one cestode), with nematode infection being the highest (71.54%). In addition, eggs of four helminths of zoonotic importance were also obtained. Among the cattle examined, the Bunaji breed was the most infected (46%; 69/150). Furthermore, female animals (OR = 1.1; 95% CI: 0.60–1.84) and animals with moderate body condition (OR = 1.2; 95% CI: 0.80–1.79) are more likely to be positive to helminth infection. Our findings reveal that there were helminth infections of both zoonotic and socioeconomic importance among the cattle screened. Considering the impact of the infections on animal production and public health, we advocate that effective prophylactic measures be adopted as a first step to curtail helminth infections of cattle in Nigeria.
Meat inspection and cultural isolation of mycobacteriaas predictors of bovine tuberculosis in Ibadan
(2007) Cadmus, S.I.B.; Alonge, D.O.; Adesokan, H. K.
In order to ascertain the effectiveness of meat inspection as against the conventional culture method in the confirmation of tuberculosis in cattle slaughtered at Bodija abattoir. Ibadan; a study to assess these two methods in their ability to diagnose bovine tuberculosis was carried out. In all. 290 cattle were inspected at the abattoir out of which 182 had military nodules and granulomatous tubercles in the different organs and their associated lymph nodes which are suggestive of tuberculosis. One hundred and fifty-nine (54.8%) animals were confirmed to have tuberculosis based on the mycobacterial culture. The sensitivity and specificity results of the postmortem examination vis-a vis the culture were 100% and 82.4% respectively; while the Positive Predictive Value (PPV) and the Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were 87.4% and 100% respectively. This study therefore confirms that with proper meat inspection. a large proportion of tuberculosis cattle can be identified at postmortem. Hence. more emphasis should be directed at the improvement of meat inspection Services in Nigeria since there are no available laboratory facilities for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis in the abattoirs
Prevalence of bovine brucellosis in slaughtered cattle and barriers to better protection of abattoir workers in Ibadan, South-Western Nigeria.
(Pan African Medical Journal (PAMJ), 2017) Ayoola, M.C.; Akinseye, V.O.; Perrett, L.; Taylor, A.; Stack, J.; Moriyon, I.; Cadmus, S.I.B.
Brucellosis is a neglected zoonosis of public health importance. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors of brucellosis among slaughtered cattle as well as challenges to the protection of abattoir workers in Nigeria. Methods: A slaughterhouse study was conducted in a major abattoir in Ibadan from March to August, 2013. To diagnose brucellosis, serum samples from 1,241 slaughtered cattle were tested using Rose-Bengal test (RBT) and competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA); again, 57 milk samples were tested with milk ring test (MRT) and indirect ELISA (iELISA). Furthermore, a survey on the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and challenges to its use by abattoir workers was done. Data were analysed using Stata 12. Results: Seroprevalence by RBT was 7.8%; 77.3% (75/97) of these were corroborated by cELISA. Prevalence in milk samples by MRT and indirect ELISA were 33.3% and 3.5%, respectively. Sex (OR: 2.5; 95%CI:1.3-4.5) was the factor significantly associated with Brucella seropositivity. None of the abattoir workers used standard protective overalls; while, 99.6% of the meat handlers and 84.1% of the butchers worked barefoot. Most of the workers (75.7%) wore no protective gloves. The respondents agreed that provision of free PPE and sanctions against non-users would encourage its use. Conclusion: Our findings indicate moderate prevalence (7.8%) of bovine brucellosis with sex of cattle being a risk factor. A notable barrier to better protection of abattoir workers against brucellosis is perceived inconvenience arising from use of gloves. Therefore, preventive and control measures against brucellosis must include education and use of PPE among abattoir workers.
Prevalence of previously undetected tuberculosis and underlying risk factors for transmission in a prison setting in Ibadan, southwestern Nigeria
(University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan., 2014) Adesokan, H. K.; Cadmus, E.O.; Adeyemi, W. B.; Lawal, O.; Ogunlade, C.O.; Osman, E.; Olaleye, O.D.; Cadmus, S.I.B.
People with congregational tendencies such as the prison inmates constitute an important target group in the global efforts towards the control of tuberculosis (TB). The prison setting in most developing countries particularly Nigeria, currently does not have routine diagnostic procedures for TB despite the existing risks that could facilitate disease transmission. We conducted a cross sectional study among the inmates in a major prison in south-western Nigeria for TB by screening their sputum samples using a simple random sampling method coupled with questionnaire interview, on the assumption of sub-clinical pulmonary TB infection. The overall TB prevalence found was 1.2% (2/164). Significant risk factors that could facilitate disease transmission in the prison included lack of BCG immunization (p = 0.017); history of contact with TB patients (p = 0.020); prolonged cough (p = 0.016) and drug abuse (p = 0.019). Our findings of 1.2% undetected pulmonary TB infection among the inmates though low; still reiterate previous observation that the prison setting constitutes a veritable environment for TB transmission and a threat to public health. Efforts are therefore needed to institute routine screening and reduce the risk factors associated with TB transmission among prison inmates in Nigeria.
Seroprevalence and risk factors of brucellosis in goats in selected states in Nigeria and the public health implications
(2014) Ogugua,A.J; Akinseye,V.O; Ayoola,M.C; Oyesola,O.O; Shima,F.K; Tijjani,A.O; Aderemi,N. A.M; Adesokan,H.K; Lorraine,P; Andrew,T; Stack,J.A; Moriyon,I; Cadmus, S.I.B.
Available reports on brucellosis in Nigeria are largely confined to cattle while it is believed that other ruminants like sheep and goats are equally exposed to the disease. To have an insight into the role of goats in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria, we conducted a cross-sectional study between June 2011 and May 2013 to determine the seroprevalence of brucellosis in goats in some selected states in Nigeria. Serum samples were collected from goats at different locations and tested for antibodies to Brucella spp using the Rose Bengal Test (RBT), samples positive by RBT were further subjected to Competitive Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (cELISA). Data collected to determine risk factors were also analysed using chi-square and logistics regression statistics. Out of a total of 2827 samples tested from the different states (Benue = 331; Borno =195; Oyo = 2155; Sokoto = 146), we recorded an overall seroprevalence of 2.83% (Benue = 17.30%; Borno = 2.05%; Oyo = 0.60% and Sokoto = 0.00%) by RBT. The cELISA further supported 9.45% (7/74) of the total RBT positive samples. Logistic regression analysis showed that the location (p = 0.004) and source (p < 0.0001); are probable risk factors to be considered in the epidemiology of brucellosis with sex (p = 0.179); age (p = 0.791) and breed (p = 0.369) not playing any major role. Our findings reveal a relatively low seroprevalence of brucellosis among goats screened except for Benue State. Since most of the goats sampled in the present study were from the abattoirs, further farm level investigations are required to determine the role of goats in the epidemiology of brucellosis in Nigeria since they share common environment with sheep and cattle that are natural hosts of Brucella species which are of major public health threat.
zoonotic risks and transmission of mycobacteria species from cows' milk and slaughtered cattle to man in ibadan:role of butchers
(2008) Cadmus, S.I.B.; Adesokan,H.K.; Adepoju,A.F.; Otesile,E.B.
To ascertain the zoonotic risks association with the handling,processing and consumption of milk and meat products in respect to bovine tuberculosis in ibadan. This study was conducted by simultaneous screening of 105 unpasteurised cows milk. samples and 587 slaughtered cattle some of which showed gross lesions suggestive of tuberculosis. samples from the milk and suspected tuberculosis lesions were cultured in lowenstein-jensen media while nitrate and niacin tests were carried out to classify the isolated mycobacteria species. prevalence rates of 5.7% and 4.3% were confirmed from the milk and cattle samples: screened respectively. based on the biochemical tests, three isolates of mycrobacterium tuberculosis, one of M. Bovis and one of M. africanum were identified from the milk samples: while six M. tuberculosis, fourteen M. bovis,two M. africanum and three unclassified mycrobacteria species were obtained from the tuberculous cattle. the unhygenic handling and processing of these animal products by butchers may lead to the zoonotic transmission of M. tuberculosis complex to the public and a source of occupational exposures to the butchers.