Browsing by Author "Eghianruwa, K. I."

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Comparative effects of the aqueous leaf extract of ocimum basilicum and loperamide on intestinal transit in j rats
(Beth-Bekka Academic Publishers Ltd, 2006-12) Abbah, J. G.; Eghianruwa, K. I.; Ola-Davies, E. O.; Abu, A. H
The effect of 10% aqueous leaf extract of Ocimum basilicum on intestinal transit in rats was determined and compared with that of loperamide (Imodium®), a known inhibitor of intestinal motility. Three doses of the leaf extract and loperamide were administered orally to the experimental rats, and the animals in the control group received 0.5 ml normal saline. Intestinal transit was measured in all the animals by the charcoal meal test and was expressed as the percentage of the distance traveled relative to the entire length of the intestine from the pyloric junction to the anal orifice. The mean transit point of dye in control rats was 66.68 ± 3.20%. The leaf extract of O. bacilicum caused a dose-dependent increase in the transit point. The mean transit points of the dye were 73.32 ± 3.77%, 74.84 ± 3.92% and 78.30 ± 4.30% at 0.5 ml/100 g body weight, 0.75 ml/100 g body weight and 1.0 ml/100 g body weight, respectively. Loperamide on the other band, caused a dose-dependent decrease in the transit point indicating reduced intestinal motility. For this drug, the mean transit points were 57.68 ± 2.50% at 0.10 mg/100 g body weight, 56.36 ± 4,78% at 0.20 mg/100 g body weight, and 50.95 ± 2.46% at 0.5 mg/100 g body weight. Loperamide and the leaf extract had opposing actions on the intestinal smooth muscle; while loperamide showed a constipating effect, O. basilicum aqueous leaf extract enhanced intestinal motility.
Influence of atropine and loperamide on reduced intestinal transit induced by calotropis procera latex in rats
(Ibadan Biomedical Communications Group, 2006-05) Eghianruwa, K. I.; Ogunleye, O. A.; Saba, A. B.; Famakinde, S. A.; Ola-Davies, E. O.; Abu, H. H.
The effects of Calotropis procera latex alone and in the presence of loperamide and atropine on intestinal transit in rats were determined to elucidate the action of C. procera on intestinal transit. Six groups of rats containing ten rats per group were used. Each rat in the control group (I) received 0.5 ml of normal saline. Each rat in groups II, III, and IV received 0.25 ml/100 g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of C. procera latex respectively. Thirty minutes before the administration of 0.25 ml of latex of C. procera, each rat in groups V and VI received 0.4 mg/100g atropine sulfate and 0.1 mg/100g loperamide hydrochloride respectively. Intestinal transit was measured in all animals by charcoal meal test and was expressed as the percentage of the distance traveled relative to the entire length of the intestine from the pyloric junction to the anal orifice. The mean transit point of the dye in the control group was 85.19 ± 8.51%. For Calotropis procera treated rats, the mean transit points were 68.47 ± 6.37%, 54.49 ± 6.67% and 25.06 ± 4.79% for 0.25 ml/100g, 0.5 ml/100g and 1.0 ml/100g of the latex respectively. The mean transit points in the groups pretreated with 0.4 mg/100 g atropine (Group V) and 0.1 mg/100 g loperamide (Group VI) were 55.29 ± 5.09% and 66.87 ± 6.20% respectively. The results showed that the latex of Calotropis procera inhibited intestinal motility and its action was potentiated by atropine and loperamide. This inhibitory action is contradictory to the observation of diarrhea in fed animals.