Browsing by Author "Ezenkwa, U. S."

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    Histopathological profile of childhood thyroid carcinoma in Ibadan, Southwestern Nigeria
    (The National Postgraduate Medical College of Nigeria, 2020) Omenai, S. A.; Ezenkwa, U. S.; Ajani, M. A.
    Objectives: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health problem with associated high morbidity and mortality. This study was a retrospective review of post mortem examination findings of hospitalised patients with DM for causes of death. Materials and Methods: A retrospective, cross sectional autopsy review of all the patients with DM in our hospital between January 2008 and December 2017 was conducted. The causes of death were classified into cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, acute diabetic emergencies, infection, cancers and unnatural deaths. The demographic data and clinicopathological parameters were extracted, and the data were analysed using the SPSS software version 23. Results: A total of 1092 cases of autopsy were done within the study period, of which 91 cases were on patients with diabetes accounting for 8.3%. Infections with sepsis were the major cause of death, accounting for 51.6% followed by cardiovascular diseases(16.5%), cancers(14.3%), acute diabetic emergencies (6.6%) and cerebrovascular accidents (6.6%), with renal complications and road traffic accidents accounting for 2.2% each. Patients’ age ranged from 31 to 84 years, with a modal age of 57 years. There was a male predominance with a male to female ratio of 1.5:1. Systemic hypertension co morbidity was statistically significantly more common in patients aged 60 and above (P = 0.035). The most common lesion observed in the kidneys was benign nephrosclerosis (43.2%). Conclusions: This study suggests that majority of our patients with diabetes mellitus die from infections with attendant sepsis. Older patients appear to have co morbid systemic hypertension. Patient education on infection prevention and prompt treatment might be life saving.
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    Immunohistochemical human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (her2) expression pattern in gastric adenocarcinomas in a Nigerian tertiary hospital
    (West African College of Physicians and the West African College of Surgeons, 2024) Mashor, M. I.; Ezenkwa, U. S.; Ogun, G. O.; Ajani, M. A.; Ogunbiyi, J. O.
    BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The demonstration of HER2 in gastric adenocarcinoma (GA) tissues by immunohistochemistry assists in deciding whether targeted therapy would optimise the treatment of GA patients who are HER2 positive. However, this has not been extensively studied in our patients hence the need for this study. METHODS: Recipient tissue microarray blocks were constructed from donor archival formalin fixed paraffin embedded gastric tumour tissue from 80 patients seen over a period of 17 years in a retrospective descriptive study. Slides cut from these blocks were stained with anti human HER2 antibody by immunohistochemistry and scored using the trastuzumab in gastric adenocarcinomas (ToGA) trial criteria. Data on age, gender, site of lesion and histological subtype of the gastric adenocarcinomas were also retrieved and reviewed. RESULTS: Eighty cases (52 males and 28 females; male to female ratio of 1.9:1), 55.65 ±13.50 years (modal age group 60-69 years), were studied. Most tumours (91.2%) involved the distal parts (pylorus, antrum and body) with a few (8.8%) involving the proximal part (cardia and fundus) of the stomach. HER2 was overexpressed in a total of 6 (7.5%) cases only. Two of seven (28.6%) proximal tumours showed HER2 positivity whereas only 4 of 73 (5.5%) of the distal tumours showed HER2 positivity. CONCLUSION: We had only a slightly lower HER2 overexpression rate than in studies from many other parts of the world. The observed overexpression was significantly higher in proximal than distally located tumours suggesting that distal tumours are less likely to respond to Trastuzumab than proximal tumours. The known association of distal gastric tumours with Helicobacter pylori infection probably provides for a possible difference in the molecular aetiopathogenesis of GAs by site of occurrence. The exact mechanisms for proximal gastric carcinogenesis remain to be more clearly elucidated. More studies, including clinical trials with larger sample sizes, are recommended to elucidate this differential expression of HER2 in gastric adenocarcinoma.