Browsing by Author "Fagbamigbe A. F."

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Housing type and risk of malaria among under-five children in Nigeria: evidence from the malaria indicator survey
(Springer Nature, 2018) Morakinyo O. M.; Balogun F. M.; Fagbamigbe A. F.
Background: Malaria remains one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality among under-five (U5) children in Nigeria. Though different environmental factors have been assessed to influence the distribution and transmission of malaria vectors, there is a dearth of information on how housing type may influence malaria transmission among U5 children in Nigeria. This study assessed the relationship between housing type and malaria prevalence among U5s in Nigeria. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis of the nationally representative 2015 Nigeria malaria indicator survey data was done. A representative sample of 8148 households in 329 clusters was selected for the survey. Children aged 6–59 months in the selected households were tested for anaemia and malaria using the rapid diagnostic test (RDT) and the microscopy. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Pearson Chi square (χ2) and logistic regression models at 5% level of significance. Results: The odds of malaria infection was significantly higher among older children aged 24–59 months (aOR = 4.8, CI 2.13–10.99, p < 0.001), and children who lived in houses built completely with unimproved materials (aOR = 1.4, CI 1.08–1.80, p = 0.01). Other predictors of malaria infection include living in a rural area (aOR = 1.5, CI 1.25–1.91, p = 0.01), ever slept under a long-lasting insecticide-treated net (aOR = 1.1, CI 0.26–4.79, p = 0.89) and in a room not sprayed with insecticide (aOR = 1.2, CI 0.64–2.31, p = 0.56). Children who were malaria positive showed a higher prevalence of severe anaemia on RDT (87.6%) and Microscopy (67.4%) than those who were not anaemic (RDT = 31.6%, Microscopy = 12.9%). Conclusions: Non-improved housing predicted malaria infection among U5s in Nigeria. Improved housing is a promising means to support a more integrated and sustainable approach to malaria prevention. Education of the Nigerian people on the role of improved housing on malaria protection and empowerment of the public to adopt improved housing as well as overall enlightenment on ways to prevent malaria infection can help to augment the current malaria control measures among U5 children.
Level and determinants of pharmacovigilance programme awareness in Nigeria: A multilevel analysis
(Academic journals, 2017) Alo O. D.; Akinyemi J. O.; Akpa M. O.; Yusuf O. B.; Fagbamigbe A. F.; Bamgboye E. A.; Adebayo S. B.; Kawu I.; Agbi P.; Ezire O.
Previous studies have reported poor awareness of the Pharmacovigilance Programme (PP) among health professionals in Nigeria but similar information on the general population is unavailable. This study was designed to investigate the individual and contextual factors associated with awareness of the PP among the general population. The study utilised data collected in the 2012 National HIV and AIDS and Reproductive Health and Serological Survey which were collected through a multi-stage cluster survey among women aged 15-49 years and men aged 15-64 years across all the states in Nigeria. Data on regulatory activities about food and drugs as well as household and individual characteristics were extracted and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multilevel logistic regression. Mean age of the respondents was 31.45±11.8 years. Females constituted 50.1% while 68.7% resided in rural areas. Only 26.0% of the respondents were aware of the PP and this was significantly higher among those with higher education (57.7%) and those who have seen/heard any campaign on Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) (79.7%). Participants who had seen/heard any campaign on ADRs were more likely to be aware of the PP (Odd Ratio [OR]: 32.85, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 29.13–36.57). Tertiary education (OR: 4.29, 95% CI: 3.51–5.07), and secondary education (OR= 2.35, 95%C.I= 2.0–2.70) significantly increased PP awareness. Participants who were employed and those who resided in urban communities were more likely to be aware of the PP in Nigeria. Generally, awareness of the PP in Nigeria is low. Awareness campaigns should be re-packaged to reach rural dwellers and those with lower education.
Sex inequality in under-five deaths and associated factors in low and middle- income countries: a Fairlie decomposition
(BioMed Central, 2022) Fagbamigbe A. F.; Morakinyo O. M.; Balogun F. M.
Background: There exist sex disparities in the burden of Under-five deaths (U5D) with a higher prevalence among male children. Factors explaining this inequality remain unexplored in Low-and Medium-Income Countries (LMIC). This study quantified the contributions of the individual- and neighborhood-level factors to sex inequalities in U5D in LMIC. Methods: Demographic and Health Survey datasets (2010-2018) of 856,987 under-five children nested in 66,495 neighborhoods across 59 LMIC were analyzed. The outcome variable was U5D. The main group variable was the sex of the child while individual-level and neighborhood-level factors were the explanatory variables. Fairlie decomposition analysis was used to quantify the contributions of explanatory factors to the male-female inequalities in U5D at p<0.05. Results: Overall weighted prevalence of U5D was 51/1000 children, 55 among males and 48 among females (p<0.001). Higher prevalence of U5D was recorded among male children in all countries except Liberia, Kyrgyz Republic, Bangladesh, Nepal, Armenia, Turkey and Papua New Guinea. Pro-female inequality was however not significant in any country. Of the 59 countries, 25 had statistically significant pro-male inequality. Different factors contributed to the sex inequality in U5D in different countries including birth order, birth weight, birth interval and multiple births. Conclusions: There were sex inequalities in the U5D in LMIC with prominent pro-male-inequality in many countries. Interventions targeted towards the improvement of the health system that will, in turn, prevent preterm delivery and improve management of prematurity and early childhood infection (which are selective threats to the male child survival) are urgently required to address this inequality.