Browsing by Author "Fawole, O. I."

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7

The 5ws: the epidemiologist's quest
(Ibadan University Press, 2017) Fawole, O. I.
Case management of childhood fever by traditional healers in Southwest Nigeria: Identification of training and collaborative needs
(Baywood Publishing Co., inc, 2008) Fawole, O. I.; Akinboye, D. O.; Falade, C. O.; Arulogun, O. S.; Adeniyi, J. D.
Traditional healers play an important role in the provision of healthcare in many communities in Africa. This study aimed to improve home management of malaria in children by assessing the healer's knowledge and practice. A semi-structured questionnaire interview of 127 traditional healers selected by proportionate sampling technique from two rural and two urban local government areas (LGAs) of southwestern Nigeria was followed by a training program. Malaria ranked first (87%) among the illnesses managed by the healers. Diagnosis of fever was often (72%) based on client history, physical examination (24.4%), consulting oracles (18.9%), and interpretation of dreams (3.1%). Treatment of malaria was with boiled herbs ("agbo"; 72%), ground herbs ("agunmu"; 14%), and incisions and scarifications (3%). Forty-one (32.5%) healers had referred febrile children to a health facility. Younger healers and those who had at least a secondary education were more likely to refer patients (p < 0.05 in both cases). Thirty-six healers (28.4%) had previous formal training on management of fevers, most of whom were the younger (p < 0.(5), educated healers (p> 0.05), with fewer years of practice (p> 0.05). Research into traditional herbs (48%), better acknowledgment by government (23.6%); and collaboration with other health sectors were suggestions to improve practice. Traditional healers, especially the older, less-educated, and long-practicing healers, urgently require formal training and collaboration with other healthcare providers to improve knowledge and promote early referral of children with fever.
Efficacy of herbal remedies used by herbalists in Oyo State Nigeria for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum infections a survey and an observation
(2004) Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Falade, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Akinboye, D. O.; Gbotosho, G. O.; Bolaji, O. M.; Ashidi, J. S.; Abiodun, O. O.; Osowole, O. S.; Itiola, O. A.|; Oladepo, O.; Sowunmi, A.; Oduola, A. M. J.
In the course of evaluating the contribution of phytomedicine to possible drug discovery of antimalarial drugs, an ethnomedical survey of specialized children traditional clinics was done. In the observational multi center study, efficacy of eight different herbal remedies, each consisting of 3-8 ingredients and administered by herbalists were investigated in clients enrolled in the six traditional clinics in Oyo (urban center) and Otu (rural center) of Oyo State, Nigeria. The clients, aged between six months and fifteen years with clinical symptoms of malaria were enrolled in the clinics of the herbalists, as their usual practice. Oral informed consents were obtained from their parents or guardians. Microscopic diagnosis of malaria infection was used, to evaluate parasitaemia and validate efficacy of herbal remedies. Results of the analyzed shows that, of the 163 clients of the herbalists, only 62 (30 Oyo, 32 from Otu) had microscopically confirmed P. falciparum infection. Only results from 54 clients (29/30 (Oyo) and 25/32 (Otu) with P. falciparurn infection could be evaluated. Plasmodium falciparum infection in 88% (23/29) of clients from Oyo responded to treatment with the herbal remedies while cure rate in clients from Otu was 42% (13/25). Parasite densities ranged from 171 to 53,613 parasites/ul blood and 87 to 36,209 parasites/ul blood in patients from Oyo and Otu respectively. The herbalists administered the remedies and Gossypium arboreum, Anarcudium occidentalis, Citrus medica, Phyllanthus amarus and Lippia multiflora were the main ingredients in the efficacious remedies. The herbalists gave detailed descriptions of each of the 8 herbal remedies proffered. The results confirm the efficacy of two of the eight herbal remedies, thereby validating the role of ethnomedicine as a possible source for the discovery of new cherno-therapeutic agents in the treatment of P. falciparum malaria.
Eye diseases among drivers In the University College Hospital and College of Medicine, University of lbadan, Nigeria.
(2009-07) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Adekunle, L. V.; Bamboye, A. E.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Objective of this study is to determine the pattern of eye diseases amongst drivers of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan (UI) and the University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan. Cross sectional study of (99) drivers employed by the two institutions using a semi structured questionnaire and through eye examination at the eye clinic of UCH. Our results show that age range of respondents was from 39-60 years , mean 50.1+/- 4.78 years. Driving experience ranged from 5 to 43 years, mean 27.9years. +/- 6.24. Causes of ocular morbidity were pterygium 14.1 %, pingueculum 8 %, optic atrophy 8%, glaucoma 4%, and pathological myopia 1%. Risk of developing anterior segment disease increased with number of years spent driving. (OR2.4, 95% C! 1.1-6.2; P=O.05). We conclude that periodic eye examination of drivers can help to identify potential blinding eye diseases such as glaucoma and cataract and allow prompt treatment to prevent blindness and ensure safe driving. Drivers may be redeployed to an administrative job after a prolonged period of driving and when visual impairment ensures.
Nigerian antimalarial ethnomedicine 2: Ethnobotanica surveys of herbal remedies used in the treatment of febrile illnesses in the middle belt of Nigeria
(2002) Ajaiyeoba, E. O.; Osowole, O. S.; Oduola, O .O.; Ashidi, J. S.; Akinboye, D. O.; Gbotosho, G. O.; Falade, C. O.; Ogundahunsi, O. A. T.; Fawole, O. I.; Bolaji, O. M.; Falade, M. O.; Oladepo, O. O.; Itiola, O. A.; Oduola, A. M. J.
An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among residents of Gboko (urban) and Katsina Ala ( rural) local government areas in Benue state located in the middle belt of Nigeria. The Katsina-Ala and Gboko communities belong to the Tiv ethnic group. Documentation of the use of herbs as alternative in the treatment of fevers and identification of potential phytomedicines against malaria was done. Semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussion guides were used to obtain information on description of febrile illness and utilization of herbal remedies for prevention and treatment. A total of 499 respondents comprising of mothers, fathers, community leaders/elders, herbs sellers and traditional healers were interviewed in the study. In the study, 9 types of febrile illnesses were proffered. The five most common type of febrile illnesses described were malaria (37.3%), yellow (28.8%), typhoid (27.3%), high fever (3.4%) and ordinary fever (0.5%). Perceived causes of febrile illness included mosquito bites, contamination of water and food, among others. Headache, general weakness, yellow coloration of eyes/uririe, elevated body temperature and diarrhoea, were the most common symptoms associated with febrile illnesses outlined by the respondents. Furthermore, malaria (81.5%) and high fever (57%) were reported to be common during the rainy season while typhoid (52%) is common during the dry season. Yellow fever was said to be non-dependent on season. Respondents believed children were more at risk of malaria compared with the other types of febrile illnesses mentioned. The respondents indicated that herbal recipes were effective treatment for Febrile illness. From the 105 recipes compiled, Azadirachto indica, Ficus thonningii, Annona senegalensis and Cymbopogon citratus were the most frequent herbs mentioned. Leaf (60.4%), was the most common part of plants used while boiling (92.5%), was frequently mentioned as method of herbal remedy preparation. The main route of administration of remedies mentioned was oral administration (97.9%). The study confirms the potential contribution of Phytomedicine to management of febrile illnesses, including malaria in the Tiv ethnomedicine.
Prevalence of refractive error and attitude to spectacle use among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2007) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Bamboye, A. E.; Adekunle, L. V.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Background: High rate of motor vehicle accidents have been associated with poor vision. Studies on drivers from elsewhere other than health institutions have found abnormal visual acuities. The aim of this study is to determine prevalence of refractive errors and the attitude to spectacle wear among drivers of public institutions studied. Methods: A cross sectional population study of all 99 motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan between December 2003 and January 2004. Results: The ninety-nine motor vehicle drivers in the study comprised of 67 (67.7%) from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32.3%) from the UCH. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 ± (SD= 4.8 years). Proportion of drivers with refractive errors was 16.7% (95% CI, 16.6-16.8) but only 56.3% of these wear glasses while driving (others did not including 3 out 4 who were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses). Relative frequency of RTA among drivers was 16.2%, the risk was marginally higher among drivers with refractive error (OR 1.2, 95% Cl: 0.4-3.7). The commonest refractive error was simple hypermetropia present in 15 eyes. Hypermetropia was associated with increasing age of drivers (p<0.05). Majority (97.7%) of the drivers were presbyopic but only 32 (32.3%) were current wearers of spectacles. Conclusion: Refractive errors were present in 16.7% of drivers studied. But 43.8% of these (3 out 4 of whom were bilaterally visually impaired without glasses) do not wear corrective lenses while driving. There is need for periodic visual screening exercise and eye health education on drivers.
Risk factors for road traffic accidents among drivers of public institutions in Ibadan, Nigeria
(2007) Bekibele, C. O.; Fawole, O. I.; Bamboye, A. E.; Adekunle, L. V.; Ajayi, R.; Baiyeroju A.M.
Recent studies have shown an increase in the rate of road traffic accident (RTA). Identifying the risk factors for this problem may provide a clue to possible effective intervention. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors for self reported RTA among drivers of educational institutions and make suggestions to promote safer driving. A cross sectional population study of motor vehicle drivers from the College of Medicine, University of Ibadan and University College Hospital (UCH) Ibadan was undertaken between December 2003 and January 2004. The study comprised of 99 motor vehicle drivers. 67 (67.7%) were from the College of Medicine, and 32 (32,3%) from the UCH. Response rate was 97,1 %. All were males, aged 38 to 60 years, mean 50.1 ± (SD= 4.8 years). The prevalence of self reported RTA was 16.2%. The cause of road traffic accidents included, mechanical fault (50%), bad road (12.5%). RTA prevalence was higher among older drivers (OR=1.7, 95%CI=0.5-5.9; P>0.05), drivers who had part time jobs (Odds ratio 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.3; X2 =4.5, P=O.03), and drivers with visual impairment (OR=1.6, 95% CI=0.9, X2 0.49, P > 0.05). The prevalence of RTA was lower amongst drivers who did not take alcohol, cola nut and other CNS stimulants while driving (OR 0.9, 95% CI=0.3-2.3, P >0.05). Regular maintenance of official vehicles and examination of drivers' eyes are recommended. Drivers should be discouraged from drugs and part jobs so as to ensure that they have enough time to rest and therefore prevent fatigue related RTA.