Browsing by Author "Fayinminu, O. O."

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Comparative assessment of three sources of crude cassava water extract as bio-herbicide
(2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Olabiyi, T. I
Two experiments were conducted at Owode- Ijako in Ogun State, Nigeria between September 2006 and April 2007 to investigate the efficacy of three sources of Crude Cassava Water Extract (CCWE) as post emergence herbicide on weeds of cowpea. The trials were arranged in randomized complete block design and replicated three times. The treatments were 25% and 50% of Bulk sample, MS6 and TMS extracts respectively, and two controls; unweeded and handweeded in each trial. Herbicidal efficacies of CCWE in controlling cowpea weeds were evaluated using phytotoxicity, weed biomass and density. The results showed that spraying CCWE of Bulk and MS6 at 50% on cowpea weed caused 40 and 50% phytotoxicity respectively. There was no significant difference in weed biomass (65.3% and 74.5%) and weed density (79.92 and 80.33) of CCWE of bulk sample and MS6 respectively. Whereas handweeded achieved 98.68% and 96.65% weed biomass and density respectively. The growth attributes such as plant height, number of leaves and leaf area differed significantly due to different treatments. Grain yield and yield components of cowpea were significantly influenced by the application of CCWE from the three sources. Highest grain yield (540kg/ha) was recorded in handweeded plots but was comparable to plots sprayed with 50% CCWE of bulk samples (450kg/ha) and MS6 (430kg/ha) while least grain yield was recorded in unweeded plots.
Efficacy Study of Bulksource of Crude Cassava Water Extract as A Post Emergence Herbicide in Cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L) Walp) Production
(2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Adedapo, A. A
Weed interference remains a major cause of low productivity of cowpea oral concern over synthetic herbicides has led to an increased interest in natural crop protection, in Order to achieve more environmentally safe methods of reducing weed pests damage in cowpea production in Nigeria. Two field trials were conducted in 2006and2007at Ijako -Owode in Ogun State, Nigeria The treatments were Bulk crude cassava water extract (CCWE from different cassava varieties) at the rates of 25 and 50% parquet at 0.50 and 1.00kg ai/ha and two controls: handweeded and unweeded The experiments were laid out in a randomized complete block, design (RCBD) with three replications. Data collected were analyzed and significant means were separated using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Duncan multiple range test (DMRT) at p< 0.05. At commencement of the trial, the relative abundance of weed species was 81% broadleafed and 19% grasses. Results showed that Bulk CCWE at 50% showed significant difference (p<0.05) from paraquat at 1.00kgai/ha on phytotaxicity effects, while weed biomass and density recorded no significant difference (p>0.05). Higher leaf area (LA) vice recorded from Bulk CCWE with a significant difference (P<0. 05) from LA paraquat. However, all the yield component: number of pods, pod weight, seeds/pod and grain yield of Bulk CCWE were significantly higher (p<0.05) front paraquat treatments and comparable to handweeded while the least were obtained with unweeded Attributes of Bulk CCWE as a post- emergence herbicide candidate are discussed
Heavy metal accumulation in Corchorus olitorius L. and Talinum fruticosurp (Jacq) Wild grown on soil from abandoned battery dump site in lle-lgbon, Oyo State, Nigeria
(2017) Fayinminu, O. O.; Oyelakin, O. S O. S; Idowu, O. D; Fadina, O.O.
Plants are essential component of the natural ecosystems and terrestrial food chains. They have the potential to accumulate toxic metals when grown on such polluted soil, which could have negative health effects on man and livestock, if consumed. This study was conducted to evaluate the heavy metal accumulation in Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp grown on soil from abandoned automobile battery dumpsite in lle-lgbon, Lagelu Local Government Area, Oyo State, Nigeria. Heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Mn, Fe and Ni) concentrations in the soil, and rool and shoot of Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp were evaluated and the Transfer Factor (TF) of heavy metals in plants were determined. The experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with four replicates. The treatments were battery polluted soil from lle-lgbon and soil (control) from Teaching and Research Farm, University of Ibadan, Nigeria. Seeds and stein cuttings of C. olitorius and T. fruticosurp. respectively were planted into 5 kg pot of polluted and control soils. Heavy metal concentrations of the soil, shoot and root were analysed in the laboratory. Heavy metal concentrations of polluted soil were: Pb (2928 mg/ kg), Cd (17.4 mg/kg), Mn (4482 mg/kg) and Fe (1877 mg/kg) as compared to the control: Pb (124 mg/kg). Cd (undetected), Mn (5368 mg/kg) and Fe (25.8 mg/kg). Heavy metals in the root and shoot samples of Corchorus olitorius and Talinum fruticosurp were Pb and Fe. Cadmium, Fe and Pb showed TF> I for both vegetables. The study concluded that vegetables planted around lle-lgbon have high concentrations of Pb and Fe. Even though Fe in the vegetables was below WHO permissible level of 425 mg/kg, Pb concentration (3.0 mg/kg) was beyond WHO/FAO permissible level
Screening of Chemical Composition of Crude Water Extract of Different Cassava Varieties
(2013) Fayinminu, O. O.; Fadina, O.O; Adedapo, A. A
Chemical composition of three sources of crude cassava water extract (CCWE) was evaluated in different varieties of cassava (MS6 Manihot Selection (local variety), TMS 30555 Tropical Manihot Selection (Improved variety) and Bulk (crude cassava water front cassava processing site). Crude cassava water extract front the pulp of cassava fresh roots was prepared and the Chemical composition was determined in the analytical laboratory. The result of the analysis showed that, hydrocyanic acid (HCN) and with elements such as Calcium (Ca), Sodium (Na). Magnesium (Mg). Manganese (Mn), Iron (Fe), Sulphur (S), Copper (Cu) and Zinc (Zn). Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) were found in the extract. The study showed that due to the presence of hydrocyanic acid in the extract, this waste found around the cassava Processing sites possesses phytotoxic effects on weeds/vegetation in form of leaf discoloration (yellowing), wilting and eventually death. Crude cassava water extract showed a probable natural herbicide which can be used by the peasant farmers because it is environmental friendly and easily biodegradable into harmless compounds in the environment
Toxicity assessment of sub lethal doses of chlorpyrifos on the kidney and liver organs of male wistar rats
(2017) Fayinminu, O. O.; Tijani, S. O; Fadina, O.O
Chlorpyrifos, an organophosphate pesticide is an important neurotoxic and tissue damage agent. It is one of the most heavily used pesticides in domestic and agricultural applications globally. Repeated doses of chlorpyrifos have been able to cause significant disturbances on the biochemical and physiological functions of the blood, and histological abnormalities in livers and kidneys exposed to this insecticide. The toxicities of sub lethal oral administration of chlorpyrifos daily for 28 days were assessed using a completely randomized design. Twenty-five albino Wistar rats weighing between 150-200 g divided into five groups containing five rats each were housed in the Central Animal house of College of Medicine, University of Ibadan. Chlorpyrifos at 0 (control), 18.9, 25.9, 32.2 and 39.2 mg/kg were orally administered to male rats, respectively for four weeks, between the months of May and June, 2014. At the end of the experimental period, the toxicities of chlorpyrifos were assessed in rats using haematology, serum liver enzymes and histopathological assays. Results revealed significant reduction in body weights compared to control. The packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin (Hb) and lymphocytes (Lymp) also showed significant reduction at 39.2, 25.9 and 32.2 mg/kg (39.33, 45.40 and 44.80%), respectively compared to control (49.67%). Insecticide administration to rats resulted in significant elevation of serum transaminases (AST and ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) from 32.2, 39.2 and 25.9 mg/kg dosages, (ranged from 294.94-542.00 u/L for AST and from 96.25-130.77 u/L for ALT), respectively. Also, experimental treated groups exhibited marked of total protein and altered albumin and globulin contents compared to control. Studies revealed dose dependent increase of histopathological alterations. The livers showed moderate vacuolar change of hepatocytes, having a finely reticulated cytoplasmic and congestion of central veins. The kidneys showed mild focal sloughing off of tubular epithelium of renal cortex, fluid in tubular lumen, tubules appearing dilated and cystic (nephrosis) and proteinaeceous fluid in Bowman's capsule and compressing the glomerulus tufts (Esinophilic). Different concentrations of chlorpyrifos including the lowest tested dose produced marked alterations in the exposed animals in this study and thereby affecting the overall performance in terms of health and wellbeing. Thus, this could cause similar health and environmental risks to humans even at the lowest dose