Browsing by Author "Fijabi, O. E."

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Diversity of the Ghrelin gene in Nigeria’s Fulani and Yoruba Ecotype Chickens
(Sciencedomain International, 2024) Igbatigbi, L. O.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Fatai, R. B.; Coker, O. M.; Fijabi, O. E.
Ghrelin (GHRL) is a novel 28-amino acid gut-brain peptide linked to a gene associated with the regulation of growth hormones in birds. This study was carried out to investigate the polymorphism of the Ghrelin gene in Fulani and Yoruba ecotypes chickens in Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from seventy-eight (78) Nigerian indigenous chickens comprising of 41 Yoruba ecotype chickens and 37 Fulani ecotype chickens. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) method was used and the MboII restriction enzyme cut site 71 of the ghrelin and genetic structure were determined. Population structure was analyzed using allele and genotype frequencies, heterozygosity and genetic variation metrics. Two alleles (C and T) and three genotypes (CC, CT and TT) were observed. In the Yoruba Ecotype, the allele frequencies were C (0.34) and T (0.66) respectively while C (0.45) and T (0.55) were observed in the Fulani ecotype and the overall population was C (0.39) and T (0.61). The genotype frequencies obtained were; in the Yoruba ecotype, CC (0.10), CT (0.48), and TT (0.41) were observed. In the Fulani ecotype, CC (0.22), CT (0.45), and TT (0.32) were also observed, and in the overall population CC (0.15). CT (0.47) and TT (0.37) were observed. FIS values for the Yoruba ecotype (-0.0847) and Fulani ecotype (0.00702) reflects random mating and inbreeding respectively. The effective number of alleles indicates that the Fulani ecotype has more effective alleles compared to the Yoruba ecotype. These results suggest that the Yoruba ecotype may be at Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while Fulani ecotype deviates for the ghrelin locus. In summary, our results may open opportunities for genetic improvement in Nigerian indigenous chicken due to the polymorphic nature of the ghrelin gene.
Genetic polymorphism of myostatin (MSTN) in Nigerian sheep breeds
(2021) Iroanya, G. I.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Emmanuel, H. O.; Fijabi, O. E.
Myostatin (MSTN) also known as growth differentiation factor 8 (GDF-8) has been implicated to play an important role in growth regulation, and it is a candidate gene in marker assisted selection (MAS). This study was carried out to identify the polymorphism of MSTN gene as a genetic marker for growth traits in Nigerian indigenous sheep. Genomic DNA (gDNA) was extracted from blood samples of Balami, Yankasa, Uda and West African Dwarf (WAD) breeds of sheep. Parts of 5’UTR, intron and exon1 (614bp) was amplified using a primer sequence designed by FastPCR-primer software. The amplicons were digested with restriction enzyme HaeIII and the fragments produced were stained with luminescent dye and run on gel electrophoresis. The genetic structure of the sampled population was investigated after analysis with POPGENE32 software. The HaeIII digested results showed that Myostatin has three polymorphs (AA, AB and BB), controlled by two alleles (A and B), with B having a higher allelic frequency (82.84%) and BB genotype has the highest frequency of 73%. The sampled population showed a deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p<0.05) while the F-statistics results of the Nigerian breeds of sheep showed the breeds are genetically identical (33.40%) within them. The genetic distance matrix established that Uda and Yankasa show the greatest distant (3.00%) while Uda and WAD are almost identical (99.85%). The four breeds of sheep studied showed polymorphism for Myostatin gene in the intron 1 and exon 1. Myostatin, therefore, could be considered a candidate gene for MAS.
Genetic variations in two edible frog species (Crowned Bullfrog (Hoplobatrachus occipitalis) and African clawed frog (Xenopus muelleri)) in Ibadan, Nigeria using Allozyme markers
(University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 2021) Coker, O. M.; Osaiyuwu, O. H.; Oko, P. A.; Awosan, G. P.; Fijabi, O. E.
Attempts to determine interspecific differences in patterns of protein variation in edible frog species have been relatively few. Therefore, this study determined the genetic variation in populations of Hoplobatrachus occipitalis and Xenopus muelleri in two locations [University of Ibadan (UI) and Igbo Oloyin area (IO)] in Ibadan, Nigeria, using five allozyme loci. Eighty (80) edible frogs comprising twenty (20) live samples each of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri species from IO and UI were collected. 1ml of blood was drawn per sample via cardiac venipuncture. Plasma fractions were obtained and subjected to Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis to determine the genetic variations at Haemoglobin (HB), Carbonic anhydrase (CA), Transferrin (TF), Albumin (AL) and Esterase (EST) loci. Test for Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE; ), Heterozygosity [observed (Ho) and expected (He)] and Genetic differentiation (FST) were estimated. Significant deviations from HWE were observed at several loci in all the populations. Ho was higher (than He) for both populations of H. occipitalis but lower for both populations of X. muelleri. FST was 0.0559 and 0.0264 for the populations of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri, respectively. There is an indication of evolutionary forces in operation in the IO populations of H. occipitalis and X. muelleri.