Browsing by Author "Hamzat, T. K."

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Association between Selected Indices of Adiposity and Lung Performance in Children with Cerebral Palsy
(Academic Journals, 2015) Ayo-Ogunseye, O. A.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Children with cerebral palsy (CP) have mobility impairments which may lead to problems with body weight. Increased body weight or adiposity may result in respiratory dysfunction. This study investigated the relationship between indices of adiposity and lung performance in children with CP in Ibadan, Nigeria. Twenty-four children with CP participated in this ex-post facto study. Anthropometric and spirometric parameters were measured following standard procedures. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics and analysed using the Pearson's Product Moment Correlation at p = 0.05. Body mass index (BMI) was not significantly related (p > 0.05) to the indices of lung performance measured, but subscapular skinfold (SSF) thickness was significantly related with chest excursions at the 4th (r=-0.43) and 9th (r=-0.42) ribs. Quadriceps skinfold thickness (QST) was also significantly related with chest excursions at the 4th (r=-0.61), 7 (r = -0.60) and 9th (r = -0.50) ribs and the respiratory rate (p=0.03) but not with FVC, FEV, FEV/FVC and PEF (p > 0.05). This study demonstrated that increased adiposity is associated with decreased respiratory excursion in children with CP. Therapeutic intervention for children with CP should include components aimed at controlling obesity.
Clinical and Psychosocial Predictors of Community Reintegration of Stroke Survivors Three Months Post In-Hospital Discharge
(Jimma University, Ethiopia., 2017) Ekechukwu, N. E.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
BACKGROUND: There appears to be a dearth of published literature on the biopsychosocial predictors of community reintegration (CR) among stroke survivors. This study aims to investigate the clinical and psychosocial predictors of CR among stroke survivors three months post in-hospital discharge. METHODS: Fifty-two stroke survivors took part in this prospective exploratory study. The participants’ clinical attributes of motor function (MF), balance (Bal) and psychosocial characteristics of Fall Self- Efficacy (FSE), Balance Self-Efficacy (BSE), Self Esteem (SEst) and Social Support (SS) were assessed pre-discharge and at three months post-discharge. CR was also assessed at three months post-discharge. Data were analyzed using paired t-test, Pearson’s Moment correlation and multiple regressions. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05 RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 61.21±11.25 years with mean hospital length of stay of 5.31±3.71weeks. There were significant differences in the mean MF, Bal, FSE, BSE, SEst and SS scores of the participants pre- and post-discharge (p < 0.05). Also, there was a significant correlation between CR and each of MF, Bal, FSE, BSE, SEst and SS. Pre-discharge Age (β = 0.226, p = 0.001) and FSE (β = 1.387, p = 0.040) significantly predicted CR. Post-discharge age (β = -0.164, p = 0.005) and Bal (β = 0.142, p = 0.048). FSE (β = 1.243, p = 0.034) also significantly predicted CR. CONCLUSION: Age, Bal and FSE are important predictors of CR among stroke survivors. Therefore, rehabilitation programmes should focus on improving Bal and FSE in order to enhance community reintegration among stroke survivors.
Comparison of Community Reintegration and Selected Stroke Specific Characteristics in Nigerian Male and Female Stroke Survivors
(Department of Physiotherapy, College of Medicine University of Ibadan, Nigeria, 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Ekechukwu, N. E.; Olaleye, O.A.
This study investigated the difference between community reintegration of male and female stroke survivors and the association between gender of stroke survivors and some selected stroke specific characteristics (type, side of paresis and occurrence) Fifty-two patients (25 males and 27 females) recruited from hospitals in Nigeria took part in the study. Community reintegration (CR) was assessed three months post-admission discharge using the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI). Demographic and stroke-specific characteristics were obtained using a data form. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, the Mann-Whitney U test and the chi-square test. Level of significance was set at p = 0.05. The mean age of the participants was 61.21 ± 11.25 years (range 31 – 86 years). There was no significant difference (p = 0.173) between the community reintegration scores of male and female participants. There was also no significant association between gender and each of the selected stroke specific characteristics such as type of stroke (p = 0.279); side of paresis (p = 0.250) and occurrence of stroke (p = 0.670). Community reintegration scores of male and female stroke survivors are not significantly different. There is no significant association between gender and each of the selected stroke specific characteristics.
Development and Evaluation of a Primary HealthCare-based Physiotherapy Intervention and its Effects on Selected Indices of Stroke Recovery
(MA Healthcare Ltd, 2013) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Owolabi, M. O.
Aim: To develop a Primary Healthcare-Based Physiotherapy Intervention (PHCPI) that requires simple, inexpensive, easy-to-use equipment for stroke rehabilitation and evaluate its effects on selected clinical indices of recovery among post-acute stroke survivors over a 10-week period. Methods: Three databases (Medline, Pubmed and PEDro) were used to identify treatment approaches with proven efficacy. The authors synthesised these treatment approaches to develop the PHCPI, which was used in a repeated measure design involving 25 (mean age=60.6 ± 10.2 years) consenting individuals with first-incidence stroke. These individuals were treated at a primary health centre, twice weekly for 10 consecutive weeks. Outcomes were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), the Short Form Postural Assessment Scale for Stroke (SF-PASS) and the Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI), before the intervention and fortnightly thereafter. Walking speed and quality of life were also assessed before the intervention and at week 10 of it. Results: Within-subject multivariate analysis, after controlling for gender, showed a significant increase in motor function, postural balance, walking speed and quality of life. Their community reintegration scores also improved over the period. Conclusion: The PHCPI resulted in improved motor function, community reintegration, walking speed, postural balance and quality of life among community-dwelling stroke survivors. This intervention can be used for stroke rehabilitation at primary health centres.
Disability and Quality of Life among People Living With HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Zambia Medical Association, 2017) Olaleye, O. A.; Adetoye, A. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Improvements in medical and pharmacologic management of HIV/AIDS has led to increased life expectancy for the afflicted individuals. Hence, the focus of management for People Living With HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) has shifted to issues relating to function and Quality of Life (QoL). Information is scarce on disability issues and quality of life among people living with HIIV/AIDS in Nigeria. This was the premise of this study that assessed the level of disability and how it related to quality of life among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, the largest city in Nigeria. Methods: 360 PLWHA (274 females; 86 males) aged 37.79±9.37 years participated in this study. They were recruited from the anti-retroviral clinics of one secondary and one tertiary healthcare facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Disability and QoL were assessed using the 12-item WHO Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS 2.0) and the WHOQOL_HIV Bref respectively. Data were analysed using Chi square and Kruskal Wallis test at p = 0.05. Results: Almost a quarter (23.6%) reported being currently ill, with HIV/AIDS-related symptoms accounting for the highest perceived illness (42.5%). Majority of these participants (71.1%) had mild to extreme disabilities. There were no significant associations (p > 0.05) between disability and each of age, sex and employment status. Disability was however, significantly associated with level of education, alcohol use, CD4 count, history of tuberculosis and QoL (p<0.005) between disability and each of age, sex and employment status. Disability was however, significantly associated with level of education, alcohol use, CD4 count, history of tuberculosis and QoL (p<0.001) Conclusion: Disability was relatively high among people living with HIV/AIDS in Ibadan, Nigeria. Although mostly rated mild, disability was associated with poor QoL. This underscores the need for early identification of disability in people living with HIV/AIDS to minimise its impact on their QoL.
Drivers of Cost of Treatment for Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury in Ibadan, Nigeria
(Pan African Association of Neurological Sciences (PAANS), 2020) Olaleye, O. A.; Ojomo, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury (TSCI) is a costly condition in human and economic terms. Yet, studies on direct cost of treatment for TSCI in resource-constraint countries are sparse. Objective: To estimate the direct cost of treatment for patients with TSCI at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan, Nigeria using an incidence-based costing approach. Methods: All new cases of TSCI admitted in the hospital from January, 2009 to December, 2013 were identified and reviewed. Direct costs of in-patient and out-patient treatments over the first year of injury were estimated. Results: 114 individuals with TSCI (73 males; 41 females) were admitted and discharged home alive from the hospital. The largest cost driver to the patients and the National Health Insurance Scheme was cost of consultations by neurosurgeons which constituted about a third (34.4%) of the total costs of treatment. Less than a fourth (24.2%) of the total cost of in-patient treatment was spent on therapeutic interventions (surgery, drugs and physiotherapy). There was a significant relationship between the direct cost of treatment and each of the severity of traumatic spinal cord injury and length of hospital stay (p = 0.01). Level of injury was not significantly associated with direct cost of treatment (p=0.89). Conclusion: Direct cost of treatment for individuals with TSCI in Ibadan, Nigeria is substantial. This high cost underscores the need for novel service models with potential for minimizing cost for patients with TSCI in Nigeria.
Effect of Aerobic Exercise on Post-Stroke Cognitive Function: A Systematic Review
(MA Healthcare Ltd, 2020) Abba, M. A.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background/Aims: Literature suggests that aerobic exercise improves cognitive impairments post stroke. This systematic review was conducted to analyse evidence on the effectiveness of aerobic exercise in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments. Methods: Online databases (PubMed, EMBASE and Web of Science) were systematically searched from inception until 13 July 2017 using the keywords stroke/exercise/cognition. Clinical trials that met the inclusion criteria were assessed for methodological quality using the PEDro scale. Extracted data were synthesised for evidence. Results: A total of seven studies met the inclusion criteria. Participants in most of the studies were aged over 60 years and the majority had ischaemic stroke. The most commonly used measure for assessing cognition was the Mini Mental State Examination. The majority of studies included moderate to high intensity exercise (50–70% of VO2max) for 30–60 minutes three to five times per week. There is moderate evidence that aerobic exercise enhances global cognitive function, attention and working memory. Evidence that aerobic exercise improves memory, levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and executive function is conflicting and limited. Conclusions: Aerobic exercise is moderately effective in improving post-stroke cognitive impairments. More clinical trials are needed in view of the methodological limitations and paucity of existing studies.
Effects of over-ground walking and cognitive rehabilitation on cognition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, participation and quality of life among stroke survivors: a study protocol
(Taylor & Francis, 2020) Abba, M. A.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Cognitive rehabilitation (CR) is an important component of stroke rehabilitation. Most of the strategies used for this purpose are not readily affordable. This is the protocol of a trial to investigate the effects of over-ground walking (OGW) exercise and CR on cognitive function among stroke survivors. Methods: This is a three-centre, single blind, randomised controlled trial (RCT). Fifty-seven stroke survivors with mild to moderate cognitive impairments will be recruited from three healthcare facilities and randomly assigned into three groups. Group A will receive moderate intensity OGW exercise. Group B will receive CR using an adapted cognitive intervention comprising an attention and a memory tasks. Group C will receive combine OGW and CR exercise. All interventions will be thrice weekly for 8 weeks. Outcomes to be assessed at baseline, 4th and 8th week of interventions are cognition, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), quality of life and participation using Mini-Mental State Examination, Melsin brand ELISA kit, stroke-specific quality of life and London Handicap Scale, respectively. Friedman and Kruskal–Wallis tests will be used for within-group and between-group comparison of data. Discussion: This trial is the first to examine the effect of OGW exercise on cognition and BDNF among stroke survivors.
Efficacy of Kraus-Weber Exercise Protocol in the Management of Chronic Mechanical Low Back Pain
(Joint Centre for Research in Prosthetics & Orthotics and Rehabilitation Programmes, 2003) Hamzat, T. K.; Awolola, E. O.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Olaleye, O.A.
Objective: This study was carried out to determine the efficacy of Kraus-Weber exercises in the management of chronic mechanical low back pain (CMLBP). Design: The equivalent group experimental design was used in the study. Sample Size and Sampling Technique: Thirty volunteer participants with diagnosis of CMLBP took part in the study. The fish bowl technique of simple random sampling was used to assign subjects into either the experimental (Kraus-Weber) or control (non-Kraus-Weber) group. Interventions: Pain intensity, lumbar spine flexibility and functional abilities confidence level (FACL) were assessed before and after 6 weeks of treatment. Subjects in the experimental group were treated using Kraus-Weber exercise, heat therapy, massage and back care education. Subjects in the control group were also treated with heat therapy, massage and back care education excluding Kraus-Weber exercise. Data obtained were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics of Student t-test and Spearman rank correlation coefficient (Rho). Significance was set at 0.05 alpha level. Results: Results obtained showed that there was no significant difference in the pre-treatment parameters of the two groups studied. There was significantly greater reduction in the post-6-weeks treatment pain intensity and significantly higher post-treatment functional abilities confidence level of the experimental than the control group subjects. Patient's abilities confidence level was found to increase as their pain intensity decreased. Conclusions: Kraus-Weber exercise is an effective tool in the management of CMLBP when combined with heat therapy, massage and back care education. Kraus-Weber exercise in addition to other modalities was therefore recommended in the management of CMLBP.
Expectations of Individuals with Neurological Conditions from Rehabilitation: A Mixed-Method Study of Needs
(South African Society of Physiotherapy, 2021) Olaleye, O. A.; Zaki, D. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Knowledge of the specific expectations of patients with neurological conditions (NCs) from rehabilitation helps in setting attainable goals. Such expectations may vary from situation to situation. There are no studies investigating rehabilitation expectations amongst individuals with NCs in Nigeria. Objectives: The aim of our study was to explore the rehabilitation expectations of individuals with NCs. Method: This convergent mixed-methods study comprised a cross-sectional survey of 105 individuals with NCs and two sessions of Focus Group Discussions (FGDS) amongst eight individuals with NCs. The modified Needs Assessment Questionnaire was used to assess rehabilitation needs as a proxy for rehabilitation expectations, whilst disability was assessed using the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0. Quantitative data were summarised using descriptive statistics and analysed using inferential statistics at p < 0.05. Thematic analysis was conducted on the qualitative data. Results: Sixty-one (58.1%) stroke survivors, 33 (31.4%) individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) and 11 (10.5%) with traumatic brain injury (TBI) aged 46.48 ± 15.91 were surveyed. The need for social/recreational activity was the most expressed need (100%) amongst the participants. Mobility was reported as an important need constituting a barrier to enjoying life by 93 (88.6%) participants. Individuals with SCI expressed the greatest needs compared with the other two groups. Needs were significantly correlated with severity of disability (p < 0.05). Four overarching themes (physical health, financial, healthcare services/rehabilitation and emotional/social) representing major areas of needs emerged from the FGD data. Conclusion: Individuals with NCs in Nigeria have specified expectations of rehabilitation. Disability was a major driver of these expectations, irrespective of NC subtype. Clinical implications: Rehabilitation programmes for individuals with NCs should target expressed needs or expectations of each patient cohort and minimise disabilities associated with these conditions.
Functional Ability, Community Reintegration and Participation Restriction among Community-Dwelling Female Stroke Survivors in Ibadan
(Jimma University (Research and Publications Office), 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.; Akinwumi, O. B.
"BACKGROUND: Stroke is not gender-discriminatory. Yet, the subject of stroke among females has apparently not received significant attention from clinical researchers. The consequences of stroke include functional and psychosocial sequelae which may cause disability, hinder community reintegration and restrict participation. The inter-relationships among functional ability, community reintegration and participation restriction of community-dwelling, female stroke survivors in Ibadan were assessed in this descriptive study. METHODS: Fifty-two community-dwelling female stroke survivors (mean age = 56.55±9.91 years) were surveyed using consecutive sampling technique. Their functional ability level was measured using the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) while London Handicap Scale (LHS) was used to assess their participation restriction. Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank Correlation Coefficient (rho) and Mann-Whitney U test at p = 0.05. RESULTS: Significantly positive correlations (p< 0.05) were found between functional ability and community reintegration (r = 0.54; p = 0.01) as well as between participation restriction and community reintegration (r = 0.34; p = 0.05). Individuals with left hemiplegia had significantly higher mean rank scores in functional ability (30.41) than those who had right hemiplegia (mean rank scores = 21.94). CONCLUSION: Functional ability which appears to be related to stroke laterality showed positive association with both community reintegration and participation restriction. This suggests that improving the functional ability of the stroke survivors may reduce participation restriction and enhance their reintegration into the community. A similar study which compares male and female stroke survivors in the same community is thus necessary. "
Health-Related Behaviour of Students of Federal College of Agriculture, Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan
(Royal People Limited., 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Okpeze, C. N.; Olaleye, O. A.
The emphasis on health services is shifting from curative measures and hospital-based care to preventive behaviour that promotes health. This new approach involves every member of the society. A study of 132 students of the Federal College of Agriculture and Animal Health and Production Technology, Ibadan was carried out to investigate their health-related behaviour. Health related behaviours are steps taken to preserve one's own health and avoidance of detrimental behaviours. One hundred and eighteen (89.39%) of the students engage in sporting activities. Only 6.06%, 9.85%, 24.24% and 10.61% of the students smokers, drinks alcohol, drinks coffee and chews Kolanut respectively. Majority of the Students (78.03%) live a stress-free life. This result shows that only a few of the students exhibits negative health-related behaviour while the majority has positive-related behaviour. It was recommended that positive attitudes and healthy lifestyles should be encouraged among students of tertiary institutions in Nigeria.
Injury Pattern of FIFA, CAF and UEFA Soccer Tournaments: A Retrospective Study of Selected 2002 Matches
(South African Society of Physiotherapy, 2004) Hamzat, T. K.; Adeniyi, A. F.; Awolola, O. E.; Olaleye, O. A.
This retrospective study was undertaken to detail the injuries sustained by players in the 2002 event of the Federation of International Football Association (FIFA) male senior world cup, Confederation of African Football (CAF) male nations' cup and Union of European Football Association (UEFA) clubs championship competitions. This was aimed at determining the frequency, causes, severity and treatment modalities of injuries sustained in selected matches at these three competitions. Twenty-four matches (eight from each tournament) were randomly selected from the pool of matches played. Video tape footage of the selected matches was reviewed to assess the possible cause and severity of injuries, parts of the body injured and different lines of injury management undertaken during these tournaments. The data are presented using frequency, percentages and means. A total of III injuries were recorded. CAF matches had the highest occurrence of soccer injuries (42.34%). The knee was the most commonly injured part of the body in each of the three competitions (FIFA-23.5%, CAF-14.9% and UEFA-20.0%). Ice-massage therapy was used extensively in the three tournaments. Knee injuries were most commonly caused by tackling attempts. Most of the injuries sustained were minor and the leading immediate therapeutic intervention was cryotherapy.
Integrating Physiotherapy into Primary Health Care Practice in Nigeria: A call to action.
(African Journals Online., 2014) Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.
In Nigeria, Physiotherapy is often regarded as a second-contact health service suitable only for secondary and tertiary health facilities that are usually located in urban centers. Yet many patients who require the professional services of a physiotherapist are unable to access it either as a result of non-availability of physiotherapy centers and or non-affordability by the populace occasioned by cost and distance to location of the health facilities. Bringing physiotherapy closer to the doorsteps of those who need it in low-income societies can be ensured through its inclusion in primary health care models. This is because Primary health centers are located with short distances in the community and are funded by the government. We discussed the relevance of primary health care physiotherapy model in promoting health of the population and the feasibility of this model in a low-income society such as Nigeria.
Knowledge and Beliefs of Informal Caregivers of Children with Cerebral Palsy in Nigeria Concerning Cerebral palsy
(Zambia Medical Association, 2019) Adegbemigun, O. D.; Hamzat, T. K.; Olaleye, O. A.
Background: Caregivers of children with Cerebral Palsy (CP) play an important role in the habilitation of their wards. Their knowledge and beliefs about CP may affect their disposition to habilitation and the quality of care and habilitation their wards would receive. Knowledge and beliefs of informal caregivers of children with CP in Southwest, Nigeria were investigated in this study. 3 six(71%) respondents reported good knowledge while 9(9.7%) reported poor knowledge about cerebral palsy. Most of the caregivers responded correctly in expressing their belief, causes and management of cerebral palsy Methods: Ninety-three informal caregivers (relatives or friends) of children with CP who routinely provide an average of 3-5hours of care per week without pay were surveyed. A 56-item questionnaire was used to collect information on socio-demographics, knowledge and beliefs of the informal caregivers about CP. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics of mean, percentages and standard deviation. Results: Participants were aged 36.6 ±8.6 years and their age ranged from 16-66 years. Majority of the respondents (n = 85; 91.4%) were female. Most of the participants (n = 87; 93.5%) were married and (62.4%) had completed tertiary education. Sixty six (71%) respondents reported good knowledge while 9(9.7%) reported poor knowledge about cerebral palsy. Most of the caregivers responded correctly in expressing their belief, causes and management of cerebral palsy Conclusions: Informal caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in southwestern Nigeria had good knowledge and positive beliefs about cerebral palsy hence the need to ensure that they seek appropriate intervention to this condition.
Knowledge and Perception of Nigerian University Undergraduates about the Risks Associated with using Commercial Motorcycle for Transportation
(Zambia Medical Association, 2017) Ajayi, O. O.; Fatudimu, M. B.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background and Purpose of Study: Commercial motorcycle is a popular mode of mass transportation in Nigeria, which despite its acknowledged benefits has been associated with health and social problems. It is embraced largely by young Nigerians, including university undergraduates who have not been well studied with respect to this mode of transportation. We determined the proportion of undergraduates of a Nigerian university regularly using commercial motorcycle. Level of knowledge and perception of risks associated with usage and some factors that may influence choice of commercial motorcycle were also investigated. Methods: This cross-sectional survey was conducted among Nigeria premier University of Ibadan undergraduates, recruited from their halls of residence using consecutive sampling technique. A self-administered questionnaire was hand distributed to obtain information on the respondents' socio-demographic variables, knowledge and perception of risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transportation. Descriptive statistics were calculated and Chi- square test was used as inferential statistics at á = 0.05. Results: Among the 1000 respondents, 75% regularly used commercial motorcycle for transportation. A statistically significant association was found between gender and the knowledge of risks (p? 0.001) and also between age and the perception of risks associated with using this mode of transportation. However, there was no significant difference in the knowledge (p=0.03 and perception of risks (p=0.97) associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport between users and non- users. Conclusions: Respondents had limited knowledge and low perception of the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport. Strategies should be put in place to educate these youths on the risks associated with using commercial motorcycle for transport.
Motor function, community reintegration and quality of life in stroke survivors with pre-stroke driving history
(College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, and the University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria., 2018) Olaleye, O. A.; Nwankwo, O. K.; Hamzat, T. K.
Background: Driving is an important activity of daily living associated with improved community reintegration and better quality of life. It is however unclear if there is a definite difference in the motor function, community reintegration and quality of life of stroke survivors who returned to driving and those who did not. Methods: Stroke survivors with pre-stroke driving history participated in this cross sectional survey. Socio-demographics, clinical characteristics and driving history were documented. Motor function, community reintegration and quality of life were assessed using the Modified Motor Assessment Scale (MMAS), Reintegration to Normal Living Index (RNLI) and Health-Related Quality of Life in Stroke Patients (HRQOLISP-40) respectively. Returners and non-returners were compared using Mann Whitney U test at á0.05 . Results: Fifteen out of the 44 stroke survivors (34.1%) who participated in this study had returned to driving after their stroke. There was no significant difference in age, time since stroke onset and years of driving experience prior to stroke onset (p >0.05) between returners and non-returners. There was however a significant difference in the motor function, community reintegration and quality of life between the two groups (p<0.01) Conclusion: Stroke survivors with pre-stroke driving who returned to driving after stroke had better motor function, community reintegration and quality of life compared to their counterparts who had not returned to driving.
Perceived Barriers and Facilitators of Return to Driving Among a Sample of Nigerian Stroke Survivors – A Qualitative Study
(Springer International Publishing, 2021) Nwankwo, K. O.; Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Ekechukwu, E. N. D.
Stroke affects driving ability and as such impedes mobility, independence, freedom and quality of life. Return to driving after stroke serves as an integral part for community reintegration and improved quality of life. Driving is considered critical for continued independence, employment and recreation among stroke survivors. There was therefore the need to better understand the perceived facilitators and barriers to driving among stroke survivors with pre-stroke driving history. This study seeks to better understand the perceived facilitators of and barriers to return to driving after stroke so as to enable proper outcome in patient management and policy formulation. This is a qualitative phenomenological app roach using in-depth focus group discussion (FGD) was employed. Six stroke survivors (5 males; 1 female) aged 58.0 ± 7.9 years participated in the FGD. Half (50%) of the participants had returned to driving. Seven themes were generated for the barriers as well as facilitators of return to driving after stroke. Findings from this study suggests that majority of the facilitators of return to driving are intrinsic factors. Majority of stroke survivors wish that they could be able to stop being dependent on their caregivers for their activities of daily living (ADL) which could invariably lead to activity limitation and participation restriction. Attention should be paid on the pre-morbid driving status of stroke survivors so as to enhance the facilitators of return to driving and minimize the barriers to return to driving after stroke.
Perceived quality of physiotherapy services among informal caregivers of children with cerebral palsy in Ibadan, Nigeria
(IOS Press, 2015) Olaleye, O. A.; Hamzat, T. K.; Oloso, M. O.
OBJECTIVE: Effective physiotherapy intervention for children with cerebral palsy (CP) requires that expectations of their caregivers be incorporated into treatment plans and strategies. This study explored the perceived Quality of Physiotherapy (QoP) for children with CP in Ibadan, Nigeria METHODS: This cross-sectional survey explored the perceived QoP using the SERVQUAL instrument among informal care givers of children with CP from two different healthcare facilities. Data was analysed using Mann Whiney U and Wilcoxon Signed Rank tests at p ⩽ 0.05. RESULTS: Fifty-three informal caregivers (50 females, 3 males) of children with CP (32 males, 21 females) were surveyed. Fourth-fifths (81.13%) of the caregivers perceived the QoP service for their children as poor. The highest negative and positive ranks were in the tangible and responsiveness dimensions of the SERVQUAL respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The study demonstrated that caregivers of children with CP perceived the quality of physiotherapy provided for their children as poor. This poor perception is related more to the tangible dimension of care. Strategies to improve care environment for children with CP and their informal caregivers should be implemented to engender satisfaction with care.
Pragmatic Solutions for Stroke Recovery and Improved Quality of Life in Low- and Middle-Income Countries—A Systematic Review
(Frontiers Media S.A., 2020) Ekechukwu, E. N. D.; Olowoyo, P.; Nwankwo, K. O.; Olaleye, O. A.; Ogbodo V. E.; Hamzat, T. K.; Owolabi, M. O.
Background: Given the limited healthcare resources in low and middle income countries (LMICs), effective rehabilitation strategies that can be realistically adopted in such settings are required. Objective: A systematic review of literature was conducted to identify pragmatic solutions and outcomes capable of enhancing stroke recovery and quality of life of stroke survivors for low- and middle- income countries. Methods: PubMed, HINARI, and Directory of Open Access Journals databases were searched for published Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) till November 2018. Only completed trials published in English with non-pharmacological interventions on adult stroke survivors were included in the review while published protocols, pilot studies and feasibility analysis of trials were excluded. Obtained data were synthesized thematically and descriptively analyzed. Results: One thousand nine hundred and ninety six studies were identified while 347 (65.22% high quality) RCTs were found to be eligible for the review. The most commonly assessed variables (and outcome measure utility) were activities of daily living [75.79% of the studies, with Barthel Index (37.02%)], motor function [66.57%; with Fugl Meyer scale (71.88%)], and gait [31.12%; with 6min walk test (38.67%)]. Majority of the innovatively high technology interventions such as robot therapy (95.24%), virtual reality (94.44%), transcranial direct current stimulation (78.95%), transcranial magnetic stimulation (88.0%) and functional electrical stimulation (85.00%) were conducted in high income countries. Several traditional and low-cost interventions such as constraint-induced movement therapy (CIMT), resistant and aerobic exercises (R&AE), task-oriented therapy (TOT), body weight supported treadmill training (BWSTT) were reported to significantly contribute to the recovery of motor function, activity, participation, and improvement of quality of life after stroke. Conclusion: Several pragmatic, in terms of affordability, accessibility and utility, stroke rehabilitation solutions, and outcome measures that can be used in resource-limited settings were found to be effective in facilitating and enhancing post-stroke recovery and quality of life.