Browsing by Author "Idowu, O. S."

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Animal health management perspectives of rural livestock farmers in Southwest Nigeria: the place of community based animal health workers
(2010) Idowu, O. S.; Babalobi, O. O.
A case study of a typical community based rural livestock production system in South-west Nigeria was undertaken using participatory epizootiology (PE) to understand local preferences for animal health management practices and observe if there is any justification or place for community based animal health workers (CBAHW ) in rural livestock health and production management. Sheep and goats were the major animals kept by 46.7% of the respondents, followed by chicken (29.3%), dogs (13.3%), ducks (8.0%) and pigs (2.7%). The major health and production problems identified were Pestes des petit ruminants (PPR) (30.0% of respondents), mange (23.0%) and crop destruction (20.0%); while cannibalism by hawks/eagle was the major problem of poultry production as highlighted by rural women (15%). While more respondents (42.7%) rate modern animal health practitioners as more effective than Fulani pastoralists healers (33.67%) and indigenous local healers (25.0%), modern animal health practitioners were described as least truthful/ unreliable (91.7%), less available (91.7%), most expensive (66.7%) and inaccessible (25.0%). On the other hand, indigenous local healers were rated as very available and more accessible (66.7%) while Fulani pastoralist healers were rated as more available and ready to provide veterinary services (58.3%) compared to indigenous local healers (33.3%) and modern animal health practitioners (8.3%). These results are similar to those obtained in other African countries. In conclusion, despite the prevailing professional apathy to the CBAHW concept by influential veterinary authorities in Nigeria, health issues highlighted by the community-based rural livestock farmers could be adequately addressed by CBAHW.
In-vitro Bactericidal Kinetics of Chlorhexidine Gluconate Disinfectant/ Antiseptic Formulations Containing Different Additives
(2014-01) Idowu, P. A.; Idowu, O. S.
Chlorhexidine gluconate(CHG) is a popular disinfectant/antiseptic which is often formulated with additives. We investigated the effect of additives type on the in vitro bactericidal kinetics of CHG in three commercially available formulations: Hibiscrub®, Savlon® and Purit® commonly used as household and hospital disinfectants/antiseptics. The bactericidal kinetics of the products was determined by time-survival curve method using Pseudomonas aeruginosa NCTC 6750 and Staphylococcus aureus NCTC 6571 as model organisms. Best-fit rate constant and half-life was computed by exponential decay curve-fitting. Half-life was; 76.5, 65.5, 66 and 74 (min) for Control solution, Hibiscrub®, Savlon® and Purit® respectively, against Ps. aeruginosa. The corresponding values obtained against Staph. aureus are 51.0, 61.7, 29.3, and 49.0 (min) (95% CI). Presence of alcohol (e.g. Hibiscrub® and Savlon®) caused an insignificant increase in the rate of killing of Ps. aeruginosa relative to preparations that are devoid of alcohol. (p>0.05, 1-way ANOVA). Toward Staphylococcus aureus, the combined effect of cetrimide and alcohol (e.g. Savlon®) is higher than any enhancement due to combination of alcohol and surfactant (e.g. Hibiscrub). Savlon® show a significantly higher bactericidal effect of all the preparations (P<0.0001, 1-way ANOVA). The choice of additives in the formulation of chlorhexidine antiseptic solutions significantly alters the kinetics and overall bactericidal effect of CHG towards Staphylococcus aureus but not Pseudomonas areruginosa.