Browsing by Author "Igbabul, B. D."

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Evaluation of effects of processing on levels of selected pollutants in gari
(2012) Ologunde, M. O.; Ariyo, O.; Olunlade, B. A.; Igbabul, B. D.; Ayotola, T. M.
Human health is an outcome of the trio of the environment, individual susceptibility and time. Contamination of Cassava (Manihot esculenta) roots by the environment or during processing presents health hazards. This study evaluates the effects of processing on the level of selected pollutants in Gari diet and the effect on selected organs of albino rats. Cassava tubers from Kokori and Ogbomoso were varied in the method of processing to produce Gari. Gari and fish samples sundried in the vicinities of flared gas were used to produce four nutritionally similar Gari/fish diet regimen. Twenty-four, 28-day old male albino rats were divided into four groups of six each to fit into four diet regimen and acclimatized for a 7-day period on commercial rat feed. The four groups were afterward placed on different diet regimens for 13 weeks during which the body weight and food intakes were measured weekly. Result shows that the least percentage weight gain (27.9%) occurs in Diet IV-Kokori/SPDC followed by Diet IIKokori (37.4%), Diet III-Kokori/Ogbomoso (44.7%) and Diet I-Ogbomoso (55.3%) in ascending order. Albino rats on Diets II and IV had a negative food utility index and high concentrations of nickel, lead, cadmium and chromium were found in the feed formulation. The levels of toxicants differ with the processing method and protein efficiency ratio varied with the processing method. Examination of selected organs shows clinical anomalies. The study reveals that pollutants load in gari-diet depend on the environment of cultivation and the method of processing.
Sterols of sunflower seeds from different locations in Nigeria
(2012) Olunlade, B. A.; Ariyo, O.; Ologunde, M. O.; Omosebi, M. O.; Igbabul, B. D.; Olajoju, K. C.
Sunflower (Helianthus species) is cultivated for oil production. Analysis of sterol components of sunflower seeds from different locations in Nigeria is presented. Sterols were separated from unsaponifiable fraction by Thin-layer Chromatography and analyzed with gas chromatograph. The result shows the oil and the unsaponifiable oil contents by location, Benue (37.32±0.07;0.82±0.01), Kano(34.57±0.10;0.72±0.01), Bida(34.06±0.09;0.70±0.00), Kaduna (33.92±0.08; 0.68±0.00) and Minna(31.91±0.05;0.64±0.04) in descending order. There was no significant difference in the oil content of the seed samples but significant difference occurs in the percentage of unsaponifiable oil content. Cholesterol (71.50) was predominant in the leaves surface while β-sitosterol (30.40) was the most abundant sterol in the intracellular portion of the leaves. The combined concentration of unknown sterols varied between 9.4 and 12.03 for the free sterol and between 2.84 and 5.81 for the sterol ester. Cholesterol/stigmasterol and cholesterol/ β-sitosterol ratios were found to be agronomically and geographically related. Significant difference occurred in unknown sterol esters/known sterols esters ratio. This study showed that the chemistry of sunflower seeds is not agronomic and geographically dependent and that the stigmasterol, campesterol and β-sitosterol are significant phytosterols in sunflower. Unidentified sterols component is abundant enough to influence the health benefits of the sunflower oil positively or negatively.